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Zhang L, Fujiki RB, Brookes S, Calcagno H, Awonusi O, Kluender K, Berry K, Venkatraman A, Maulden A, Sivasankar MP, Voytik-Harbin S, Halum S. Eliciting and Characterizing Porcine Vocalizations: When Pigs Fly. J Voice 2024; 38:993-1001. [PMID: 35504794 PMCID: PMC9617810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While voice-related therapeutic interventions are often researched preclinically in the porcine model, there are no well-established methods to induce porcine glottic phonation. Described approaches, such as training animals to phonate for positive reinforcement are time-consuming and plagued by inherent variability in the type of phonation produced and contamination of background noise. Thus, a reliable method of assessing glottic phonation in the porcine model is needed. METHODS In this study, we have created a novel pulley-based apparatus with harness for "pig-lifting" with surrounding acoustic insulation and high-directional microphone with digital recorder for recording phonation. Praat and Matlab were used to analyze all porcine vocalizations for fundamental frequency (F0), intensity, duration of phonation and cepstral peak prominence (CPP). Glottic phonation was detected using F0 (≥2000 hz), duration (≥3 seconds) and researcher perceptual judgment. Partial-glottic phonations were also analyzed. Reliability between researcher judgment and acoustic measures for glottic phonation detection was high. RESULTS Acoustic analysis demonstrated that glottic and partial-glottic phonation was consistently elicited, with no formal training of the minipigs required. Glottic vocalizations increased with multiple lifts. Glottic phonation continued to be elicited after multiple days but became less frequent. Glottic and partial-glottic phonations had similar CPP values over the 6 experimental days. CONCLUSION Our cost-effective, reliable method of inducing and recording glottic phonation in the porcine model may provide a cost effective, preclinical tool in voice research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert Brinton Fujiki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sarah Brookes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Haley Calcagno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Oluwaseyi Awonusi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keith Kluender
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kevin Berry
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Anumitha Venkatraman
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Amanda Maulden
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sherry Voytik-Harbin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Stacey Halum
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Cvancara DJ, Baertsch HC, de Leon JA, Hollenbaugh ED, Giliberto JP, Zheng M, Bhatt NK. Quantitative Evaluation of Vocal Bowing Following Bilateral Thyroplasty in Age-Related Vocal Atrophy. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:835-841. [PMID: 37665069 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related vocal atrophy (ARVA) is associated with vocal fold bowing, persistent glottal gap during phonation, and dysphonia. Bilateral medialization thyroplasty is sometimes performed in patients with ARVA to improve vocal fold closure and voice. We set out to quantify stroboscopic changes in vocal fold bowing, glottal closure, and abduction angle following bilateral thyroplasty and determine how these changes affect voice quality among patients with ARVA. METHODS Fifteen individuals with ARVA who underwent bilateral medialization thyroplasty were included in this study. Two independent investigators calculated bowing index (BI), normalized glottal gap area (NGGA), and maximum abduction angle from laryngostroboscopic exams using ImageJ™. Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) and patient-reported measures were collected before and after thyroplasty. RESULTS Thyroplasty resulted in a 10-point improvement in overall CAPE-V (Mean dif -10; 95% CI -17, -3.3, p < 0.01) and VHI-10 (mean dif -3.8; 95% CI -9.8, 2.3, p = 0.19, n = 8). NGGA and BI significantly decreased following surgery (mean dif -78; 95% CI -155, -1.5, p = 0.05; and mean dif -2.1; 95% CI -2.4, -0.84, p < 0.01, respectively). BI correlated with CAPE-V scores (r = 0.66, 95% CI 0.22, 0.87, p < 0.01). When considering the normalized combined contributions of both NGGA and BI, there was a stronger correlation in CAPE-V scores (r = 0.87, 95% CI 0.50, 0.97, p < 0.01) compared with either measure alone. CONCLUSIONS Thyroplasty resulted in a decrease in vocal fold bowing, glottal gap area, and CAPE-V scores in patients with ARVA. Correction of vocal bowing and glottal gap, following bilateral thyroplasty, improved voice measures following surgery. Quantitative evaluation of vocal fold morphology may be valuable when assessing the severity and treatment-response in patients with ARVA following bilateral thyroplasty. Laryngoscope, 134:835-841, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cvancara
- Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans C Baertsch
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julio A de Leon
- Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric D Hollenbaugh
- Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J P Giliberto
- Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa Zheng
- Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neel K Bhatt
- Division of Laryngology Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Griffin K, Pedersen H, Stauss K, Lungova V, Thibeault SL. Characterization of intrauterine growth, proliferation and biomechanical properties of the murine larynx. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245073. [PMID: 33439907 PMCID: PMC7806159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research approaches employ traditional tissue engineering strategies to promote vocal fold (VF) tissue regeneration, whereas recent novel advances seek to use principles of developmental biology to guide tissue generation by mimicking native developmental cues, causing tissue or allogenic/autologous progenitor cells to undergo the regeneration process. To address the paucity of data to direct VF differentiation and subsequent new tissue formation, we characterize structure-proliferation relationships and tissue elastic moduli over embryonic development using a murine model. Growth, cell proliferation, and tissue biomechanics were taken at E13.5, E15.5, E16.5, E18.5, P0, and adult time points. Quadratic growth patterns were found in larynx length, maximum transverse diameter, outer dorsoventral diameter, and VF thickness; internal VF length was found to mature linearly. Cell proliferation measured with EdU in the coronal and transverse planes of the VFs was found to decrease with increasing age. Exploiting atomic force microscopy, we measured significant differences in tissue stiffness across all time points except between E13.5 and E15.5. Taken together, our results indicate that as the VF mature and develop quadratically, there is a concomitant tissue stiffness increase. Greater gains in biomechanical stiffness at later prenatal stages, correlated with reduced cell proliferation, suggest that extracellular matrix deposition may be responsible for VF thickening and increased biomechanical function, and that the onset of biomechanical loading (breathing) may also contribute to increased stiffness. These data provide a profile of VF biomechanical and growth properties that can guide the development of biomechanically-relevant scaffolds and progenitor cell differentiation for VF tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Griffin
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hailey Pedersen
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kari Stauss
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Vlasta Lungova
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee YC, Kim HJ, Kim KS, Choi S, Kim SW, Park HK, Eun YG. Investigation of nanostructural changes following acute injury using atomic force microscopy in rabbit vocal folds. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:569-76. [PMID: 25900427 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There continues to be a paucity of data regarding the nanostructural changes of vocal fold (VF) collagen after injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the nanostructural and morphological changes in the rabbit VF lamina propria following acute injury using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Unilateral VF injury was performed on 9 New Zealand breeder rabbits. Sacrifice and laryngeal harvest were performed at three time points: 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after injury. Histology and immunohistochemistry data were collected to confirm extracellular matrix (ECM) changes in rabbit VF. The progressive changes in thickness and D-spacing of VF collagen fibrils were investigated over a 7-day postinjury period using AFM. At post-injury day 1, a fibrin clot and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed at the injured VF. The inflammatory score at postinjury day 1 was highest in injured VF tissue, with a significant decrease at postinjury day 7. The immunoreactivity of inflammatory proteins (COX-2, TNF-α) was observed in VF up to day 7 after injury. AFM investigation showed clustered and disorganized collagen fibrils at the nanoscale resolution at post-injury day 7. Collagen fibrils in injured VF at postinjury day 7 were significantly thicker than control and postinjury days 1 and 3 (P < 0.001). D-spacing of collagen at postinjury day 7 was not studied due to loss of distinct edges resulting from immature collagen deposition. AFM investigation of VF could add valuable information to understanding micromechanical changes in VF scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Samjin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Kuk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gyu Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Heris HK, Miri AK, Ghattamaneni NR, Li NYK, Thibeault SL, Wiseman PW, Mongeau L. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of scarred vocal folds. J Biomech 2015; 48:708-711. [PMID: 25648495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to characterize the vocal folds microstructure and elasticity using nonlinear laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy-based indentation, respectively. As a pilot study, the vocal folds of fourteen rats were unilaterally injured by full removal of lamina propria; the uninjured folds of the same animals served as controls. The area fraction of collagen fibrils was found to be greater in scarred tissues two months after injury than the uninjured controls. A novel mathematical model was also proposed to relate collagen concentration and tissue bulk modulus. This work presents a first step towards systematic investigation of microstructural and mechanical characteristics in scarred vocal fold tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein K Heris
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3
| | - Amir K Miri
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3.
| | - Nageswara R Ghattamaneni
- Physics and Chemistry Departments, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Nicole Y K Li
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1G1
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Physics and Chemistry Departments, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3
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Wang X, Li Y, Chen J, Guo X, Guan H, Li C. Differential expression profiling of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in females with or without pelvic organ prolapse. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2004-8. [PMID: 25110112 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common disorder that can disturb the health and quality of life of females. However, the basic pathophysiology and underlying mechanism of POP are not fully understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been reported to be associated with the onset and development of POP. In the present study, to characterize the differential expression profile of MMPs and TIMPs in female patients with and without POP, a total of 72 POP patients were sampled as a patient group and 72 non-POP patients that underwent hysterectomy due to benign tumors were sampled as a control group. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to detect the expression levels of MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9 as well as TIMP-1 protein and mRNA in the anterior vaginal wall tissues. The expression levels of MMP-1, -2, -3 and -9 in the patient group were found to be significantly higher than those in the control group. By contrast, TIMP-1 expression levels in the patient group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Correlational analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation among the expression levels of MMP-2, -3 and -9. TIMP-1 expression levels were significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of MMP-3 and -9. In addition, the expression levels of MMP-1 exhibited a positive correlation with those of MMP-2, -3 and -9, but a negative correlation with those of TIMP-1. The results demonstrated that the increased expression levels of MMPs and the reduced expression levels of TIMPs were directly associated with the presence of uterine prolapse, indicating that the differential expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs were correlated with the occurrence and development of POP. This data may assist in elucidating the molecular mechanism of MMP and TIMP involvement in POP, and also provide an underlying theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Han Guan
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Candong Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Lang A, Koch R, Rohn K, Gasse H. Histomorphometric analysis of collagen and elastic fibres in the cranial and caudal fold of the porcine glottis. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:186-99. [PMID: 24995486 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The porcine glottis differs from the human glottis in its cranial and caudal vocal folds (CraF, CauF). The fibre apparatus of these folds was studied histomorphometrically in adult minipigs. For object definition and quantification, the colour-selection tools of the Adobe-Photoshop program were used. Another key feature was the subdivision of the cross-sections of the folds into proportional subunits. This allowed a statistical analysis irrespective of differences in thickness of the folds. Both folds had a distinct, dense subepithelial layer equivalent to the basement membrane zone in humans. The subsequent, loose layer was interpreted - in principle - as being equivalent to Reinke's space of the human vocal fold. The next two layers were not clearly separated. Due to this, the concept of a true vocal ligament did not appear applicable to neither CauF nor CraF. Instead, the body-cover model was emphasized by our findings. The missing vocalis muscle in the CraF is substituted by large collagen fibre bundles in a proportional depth corresponding to the position of the muscle of the CauF. The distribution of elastic fibres made the CraF rather than the CauF more similar to the human vocal fold. We suggest that these data are useful for those wishing to use the porcine glottis as a model for studying oscillatory properties during phonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lang
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Koch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Rohn
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Gasse
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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