1
|
Lee K, Niku S, Koo SJ, Belezzuoli E, Guma M. Molecular imaging for evaluation of synovitis associated with osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:25. [PMID: 38229205 PMCID: PMC10790518 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights the role of low-grade synovial inflammation in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Inflamed synovium of OA joints detected by imaging modalities are associated with subsequent progression of OA. In this sense, detecting and quantifying synovitis of OA by imaging modalities may be valuable in predicting OA progressors as well as in improving our understanding of OA progression. Of the several imaging modalities, molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has an advantage of visualizing the cellular or subcellular events of the tissues. Depending on the radiotracers used, molecular imaging method can potentially detect and visualize various aspects of synovial inflammation. This narrative review summarizes the recent progresses of imaging modalities in assessing inflammation and OA synovitis and focuses on novel radiotracers. Recent studies about imaging modalities including ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and molecular imaging that were used to detect and quantify inflammation and OA synovitis are summarized. Novel radiotracers specifically targeting the components of inflammation have been developed. These tracers may show promise in detecting inflamed synovium of OA and help in expanding our understanding of OA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soheil Niku
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Jennifer Moreno VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sonya J Koo
- Department of Radiology, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Belezzuoli
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Jennifer Moreno VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blanchard I, Vootukuru N, Bhattaru A, Patil S, Rojulpote C. PET Radiotracers in Atherosclerosis: A Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101925. [PMID: 37392979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional atherosclerosis imaging modalities are limited to late stages of disease, prior to which patients are frequently asymptomatic. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows for the visualization of metabolic processes underscoring disease progression via radioactive tracer, allowing earlier-stage disease to be identified. 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake largely reflects the metabolic activity of macrophages, but is unspecific and limited in its utility. By detecting areas of microcalcification, 18F-Sodium Fluoride (18F-NaF) uptake also provides insight into atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Gallium-68 DOTA-0-Tyr3-Octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) PET has also shown potential in identifying vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with high somatostatin receptor expression. Finally, 11-carbon (11C)-choline and 18F-fluoromethylcholine (FMCH) tracers may identify high-risk atherosclerotic plaques by detecting increased choline metabolism. Together, these radiotracers quantify disease burden, assess treatment efficacy, and stratify risk for adverse cardiac events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishita Vootukuru
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Abhijit Bhattaru
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Chaitanya Rojulpote
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ciappuccini R, Saguet-Rysanek V, Dorbeau M, Lequesne J, Linard C, Lefevre-Arbogast S, Clarisse B, Bardet S. Thyroid 18F-fluorocholine uptake in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e220025. [PMID: 35583185 PMCID: PMC9254274 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective 18F-Fluorocholine (18FCH) PET/CT has high sensitivity for parathyroid adenoma detection and can reliably exclude malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. Data regarding 18FCH uptake in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) are scarce. We aimed to assess thyroid 18FCH uptake in CAT with biological and histological correlation. Methods This is an ancillary study from the Chocolate trial (NCT02784223) that prospectively enrolled 107 patients planned for thyroid surgery. 18FCH PET/CT acquisitions were performed 20 and 60 min after injection. 18FCH uptake in the thyroid gland was assessed by measuring maximum (SUVmax) and mean (SUVmean) standardized uptake values. Thyrotropin, free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies were collected. The intensity of thyroiditis and the degree of fibrosis were assessed on pathology. Results CAT was evidenced in 19/107 (18%) patients. Of these, 13 (68%) displayed an increased and diffuse 18FCH thyroid uptake. This uptake pattern was not observed in patients without CAT. SUVmax and SUVmean were higher in patients with CAT than in those without (P < 0.001). At both acquisition times, SUVmax showed a monotonic relationship with the intensity of thyroiditis (Spearman ρ = 0.44 and 0.51, respectively, P < 0.001) and with the degree of fibrosis (Spearman ρ = 0.55 and 0.62, respectively, P < 0.001). SUVmax showed a linear relationship with TPOAb titers at 20 min (Pearson r = 0.54, P < 0.05; Spearman ρ = 0.59, P = 0.03). Conclusions More than two-thirds of the patients with CAT present high and diffuse thyroid 18FCH uptake. This uptake pattern is highly specific to CAT and is correlated with pathology and TPOAb titers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Ciappuccini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
- INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen University, Caen, France
| | | | - Marine Dorbeau
- Department of Pathology, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
| | - Justine Lequesne
- Department of Clinical Research, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
| | - Camille Linard
- Department of Pathology, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
| | | | - Bénédicte Clarisse
- Department of Clinical Research, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Bardet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Unit, François Baclesse Cancer Centre, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Glial cells play an essential part in the neuron system. They can not only serve as structural blocks in the human brain but also participate in many biological processes. Extensive studies have shown that astrocytes and microglia play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as glioma, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and infections. Positron emission tomography is a functional imaging technique providing molecular-level information before anatomic changes are visible and has been widely used in many above-mentioned diseases. In this review, we focus on the positron emission tomography tracers used in pathologies related to glial cells, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease, and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianwu Xie
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Tianwu Xie, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Tel: +86-21-64048363, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a well-known disease leading to cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. These conditions lead to a high mortality rate, which explains the interest in their prevention, early detection, and treatment. Molecular imaging is able to shed light on the basic pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, that cause the progression and instability of plaque. The most common radiotracers used in clinical practice can detect increased energy metabolism (FDG), macrophage number (somatostatin receptor imaging), the intensity of cell proliferation in the area (labeled choline), and microcalcifications (fluoride imaging). These radiopharmaceuticals, especially FDG and labeled sodium fluoride, can predict cardiovascular events. The limitations of molecular imaging in atherosclerosis include low uptake of highly specific tracers, possible overlap with other diseases of the vessel wall, and specific features of certain tracers’ physiological distribution. A common protocol for patient preparation, data acquisition, and quantification is needed in the area of atherosclerosis imaging research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gandhi R, Bell M, Bailey M, Tsoumpas C. Prospect of positron emission tomography for abdominal aortic aneurysm risk stratification. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2272-2282. [PMID: 33977372 PMCID: PMC8648657 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease is characterized by an asymptomatic, permanent, focal dilatation of the abdominal aorta progressing towards rupture, which confers significant mortality. Patient management and surgical decisions rely on aortic diameter measurements via abdominal ultrasound surveillance. However, AAA rupture can occur at small diameters or may never occur at large diameters, implying that anatomical size is not necessarily a sufficient indicator. Molecular imaging may help identify high-risk patients through AAA evaluation independent of aneurysm size, and there is the question of the potential role of positron emission tomography (PET) and emerging role of novel radiotracers for AAA. Therefore, this review summarizes PET studies conducted in the last 10 years and discusses the usefulness of PET radiotracers for AAA risk stratification. The most frequently reported radiotracer was [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, indicating inflammatory activity and reflecting the biomechanical properties of AAA. Emerging radiotracers include [18F]-labeled sodium fluoride, a calcification marker, [64Cu]DOTA-ECL1i, an indicator of chemokine receptor type 2 expression, and [18F]fluorothymidine, a marker of cell proliferation. For novel radiotracers, preliminary trials in patients are warranted before their widespread clinical implementation. AAA rupture risk is challenging to evaluate; therefore, clinicians may benefit from PET-based risk assessment to guide patient management and surgical decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gandhi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael Bell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Unlu O, Singh P. Multimodality Imaging of Aortic Disease. Curr Treat Options Cardio Med 2020; 22:34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-020-00831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Turpin L, Pouliot Q, Zhang J, Glikman M, Gomez F, Talbot JN, Montravers F. 18F-Fluorocholine uptake matching CT lesions in the lungs of a patient clinically cured from COVID-19 syndrome. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2706-8. [PMID: 32561970 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
9
|
Gomes PMO, Silva AMS, Silva VLM. Pyrazoles as Key Scaffolds for the Development of Fluorine-18-Labeled Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Molecules 2020; 25:E1722. [PMID: 32283680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for increasingly personalized medicine solutions (precision medicine) and quality medical treatments, has led to a growing demand and research for image-guided therapeutic solutions. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique that can be established using complementary imaging systems and selective imaging agents—chemical probes or radiotracers—which are drugs labeled with a radionuclide, also called radiopharmaceuticals. PET has two complementary purposes: selective imaging for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. The development of selective imaging agents is a growing research area, with a high number of diverse drugs, labeled with different radionuclides, being reported nowadays. This review article is focused on the use of pyrazoles as suitable scaffolds for the development of 18F-labeled radiotracers for PET imaging. A brief introduction to PET and pyrazoles, as key scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, is presented, followed by a description of the most important [18F]pyrazole-derived radiotracers (PET tracers) that have been developed in the last 20 years for selective PET imaging, grouped according to their specific targets.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rotteveel L, Poot AJ, Bogaard HJ, ten Dijke P, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD. In vivo imaging of TGFβ signalling components using positron emission tomography. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2258-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) /computed tomography (CT) has been established as a standard imaging modality in the evaluation of malignancy. Although PET/CT has played a major role in the management of oncology patients, its clinical use has also increased for various disorders other than malignancy. Growing evidence shows that PET/CT images have many advantages in aortic disease as well. This review article addresses the potential role of PET/CT in diseases involving the aorta, emphasizing its usefulness with regard to acute thoracic aortic syndromes, aortic aneurysm, atherosclerotic lesions, aortitis and aortic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Chun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiemy WF, Heeringa P, Kamps JA, van der Laken CJ, Slart RH, Brouwer E. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of macrophages in large vessel vasculitis: Current status and future prospects. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:715-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
13
|
Hellberg S, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Morisson-Iveson V, Morrison M, Trigg W, Saukko P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis with 18F-GE-180, a Radiotracer for Translocator Protein (TSPO). Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2018; 2018:9186902. [PMID: 29950954 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intraplaque inflammation plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) expression is upregulated in activated macrophages, representing a potential target to identify inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. We preclinically evaluated 18F-GE-180, a novel third-generation TSPO radioligand, in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Methods. Nine hypercholesterolemic mice deficient in low density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein B48 (LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) and six healthy C57BL/6N mice were injected with 10 MBq of 18F-GE-180. Specificity of binding was demonstrated in three LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice by injection of nonradioactive reference compound of 18F-GE-180 before 18F-GE-180. Dynamic 30-minute PET was performed followed by contrast-enhanced CT, and the mice were sacrificed at 60 minutes after injection. Tissue samples were obtained for ex vivo biodistribution measurements, and aortas were cut into serial cryosections for digital autoradiography. The presence of macrophages and TSPO was studied by immunohistochemistry. The 18F-GE-180 retention in plaque areas with different macrophage densities and lesion-free vessel wall were compared. Results. The LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice showed large, inflamed plaques in the aorta. Autoradiography revealed significantly higher 18F-GE-180 retention in macrophage-rich plaque areas than in noninflamed areas (count densities 150 ± 45 PSL/mm2 versus 51 ± 12 PSL/mm2, p < 0.001). Prominent retention in the vessel wall without plaque was also observed (220 ± 41 PSL/mm2). Blocking with nonradioactive GE-180 diminished the difference in count densities between macrophage-rich and noninflamed areas in atherosclerotic plaques and lowered the count density in vessel wall without plaque. Conclusion. 18F-GE-180 shows specific uptake in macrophage-rich areas of atherosclerotic plaques in mice. However, retention in atherosclerotic lesions does not exceed that in lesion-free vessel wall. The third-generation TSPO radioligand 18F-GE-180 did not show improved characteristics for imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation compared to previously studied TSPO-targeting tracers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Brangsch J, Reimann C, Collettini F, Buchert R, Botnar RM, Makowski MR. Molecular Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:150-164. [PMID: 28110838 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) represent a vascular disease with severe complications. AAAs are currently the overall 10th leading cause of death in western countries and their incidence is rising. Although different diagnostic techniques are currently available in clinical practice, including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), imaging-based prediction of life-threatening complications such as aneurysm-rupture remains challenging. Molecular imaging provides a novel diagnostic approach for in vivo visualization of biological processes and pathological alterations at a cellular and molecular level. Its overall aim is to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and to facilitate novel diagnostic pathways. This review outlines recent preclinical and clinical developments in molecular MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for imaging of AAAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brangsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Reimann
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Federico Collettini
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Buchert
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - René M Botnar
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lysgaard Poulsen J, Stubbe J, Lindholt J. Animal Models Used to Explore Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Systematic Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52:487-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
16
|
Tonar Z, Tomášek P, Loskot P, Janáček J, Králíčková M, Witter K. Vasa vasorum in the tunica media and tunica adventitia of the porcine aorta. Ann Anat 2016; 205:22-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are an important cause of morbidity and, when ruptured, are associated with >80% mortality. Current management decisions are based on assessment of aneurysm diameter by abdominal ultrasound. However, AAA growth is non-linear and rupture can occur at small diameters or may never occur in those with large AAAs. There is a need to develop better imaging biomarkers that can identify the potential risk of rupture independent of the aneurysm diameter. Key pathobiological processes of AAA progression and rupture include neovascularisation, necrotic inflammation, microcalcification and proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix. These processes represent key targets for emerging imaging techniques and may confer an increased risk of expansion or rupture over and above the known patient-related risk factors. Magnetic resonance imaging, using ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide, can identify and track hotspots of macrophage activity. Positron emission tomography, using a variety of targeted tracers, can detect areas of inflammation, angiogenesis, hypoxia and microcalcification. By going beyond the simple monitoring of diameter expansion using ultrasound, these cellular and molecular imaging techniques may have the potential to allow improved prediction of expansion or rupture and to better guide elective surgical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael O Forsythe
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer M J Robson
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hellberg S, Silvola JMU, Kiugel M, Liljenbäck H, Metsälä O, Viljanen T, Metso J, Jauhiainen M, Saukko P, Nuutila P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A. Type 2 diabetes enhances arterial uptake of choline in atherosclerotic mice: an imaging study with positron emission tomography tracer ¹⁸F-fluoromethylcholine. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:26. [PMID: 26852231 PMCID: PMC4744438 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a risk factor for atherosclerosis associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate arterial choline uptake and its relationship to atherosclerotic inflammation in diabetic and non-diabetic hypercholesterolemic mice. Methods Low-density lipoprotein-receptor deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100, with or without type 2 diabetes caused by pancreatic overexpression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II/LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 and LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) were studied. Distribution kinetics of choline analogue 18F-fluoromethylcholine (18F-FMCH) was assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Then, aortic uptakes of 18F-FMCH and glucose analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), were assessed ex vivo by gamma counting and autoradiography of tissue sections. The 18F-FMCH uptake in atherosclerotic plaques was further compared with macrophage infiltration and the plasma levels of cytokines and metabolic markers. Results The aortas of all hypercholesterolemic mice showed large, macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques. The plaque burden and densities of macrophage subtypes were similar in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. The blood clearance of 18F-FMCH was rapid. Both the absolute 18F-FMCH uptake in the aorta and the aorta-to-blood uptake ratio were higher in diabetic than in non-diabetic mice. In autoradiography, the highest 18F-FMCH uptake co-localized with macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques. 18F-FMCH uptake in plaques correlated with levels of total cholesterol, insulin, C-peptide and leptin. In comparison with 18F-FDG, 18F-FMCH provided similar or higher plaque-to-background ratios in diabetic mice. Conclusions Type 2 diabetes enhances the uptake of choline that reflects inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques in mice. PET tracer 18F-FMCH is a potential tool to study vascular inflammation associated with diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0340-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Hellberg
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Johanna M U Silvola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Max Kiugel
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Olli Metsälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tapio Viljanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland. .,Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Timur UT, van Herwaarden JA, Mihajlovic D, De Jong P, Mali W, Moll FL. (18)F-FDG PET scanning of abdominal aortic aneurysms and correlation with molecular characteristics: a systematic review. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:76. [PMID: 26695768 PMCID: PMC4688285 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to give an overview of studies investigating the role of fludeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in patients with aortic aneurysms with a focus on molecular characteristics of the aneurysm wall. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database were searched for relevant articles. After inclusion and exclusion, we selected 18 relevant articles reporting on 18F-FDG PET scanning of aortic aneurysms. Results The sample size of studies is limited, and there are no standardized imaging protocols and quantification methods. 18F-FDG PET scanning was shown to display molecular characteristics of the aortic wall. Different studies showed contradictory findings of aortic 18F-FDG uptake in aneurysm patients compared to controls. Conclusions Non-invasively determining molecular characteristics of aortic wall weakening might lead to better rupture and growth prediction. This might influence the decision of the surgeon between conservative and surgical treatment of aneurysms. To date, there is conflicted evidence regarding the use of 18F-FDG PET scanning to predict aneurysm rupture and growth. The role of 18F-FDG PET scanning in rupture risk prediction needs to be further investigated, and standardized imaging protocols and quantification methods need to be implemented. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-015-0153-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U T Timur
- Department of Vascular Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands.
| | - J A van Herwaarden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - D Mihajlovic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - P De Jong
- Deparment of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - W Mali
- Deparment of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - F L Moll
- Department of Vascular Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
English SJ, Piert MR, Diaz JA, Gordon D, Ghosh A, DʼAlecy LG, Whitesall SE, Sharma AK, DeRoo EP, Watt T, Su G, Henke PK, Eliason JL, Ailawadi G, Upchurch GR Jr. Increased 18F-FDG uptake is predictive of rupture in a novel rat abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture model. Ann Surg 2015; 261:395-404. [PMID: 24651130 DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET) can predict abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture. BACKGROUND An infrarenal AAA model is needed to study inflammatory mechanisms that drive rupture. F-FDG PET can detect vascular inflammation in animal models and patients. METHODS After exposing Sprague-Dawley rats to intra-aortic porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) (12 U/mL), AAA rupture was induced by daily, subcutaneous, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN, 300 mg/kg, N = 24) administration. Negative control AAA animals (N = 15) underwent daily saline subcutaneous injection after PPE exposure. BAPN-exposed animals that did not rupture served as positive controls [nonruptured AAA (NRAAA) 14d, N = 9]. Rupture was witnessed using radiotelemetry. Maximum standard uptakes for F-FDG micro-PET studies were determined. Aortic wall PAI-1, uPA, and tPA concentrations were determined by western blot analyses. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and MIP-2 were determined by Bio-Plex bead array. Neutrophil and macrophage populations per high-power field were quantified. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities were determined by zymography. RESULTS When comparing ruptured AAA (RAAA) to NRAAA 14d animals, increased focal F-FDG uptakes were detected at subsequent sites of rupture (P = 0.03). PAI-1 expression was significantly less in RAAA tissue (P = 0.01), with comparable uPA and decreased tPA levels (P = 0.02). IL-1β (P = 0.04), IL-6 (P = 0.001), IL-10 (P = 0.04), and MIP-2 (P = 0.02) expression, neutrophil (P = 0.02) and macrophage presence (P = 0.002), and MMP9 (P < 0.0001) activity were increased in RAAA tissue. CONCLUSIONS With this AAA rupture model, increased prerupture F-FDG uptake on micro-PET imaging was associated with increased inflammation in the ruptured AAA wall. F-FDG PET imaging may be used to monitor inflammatory changes before AAA rupture.
Collapse
|
21
|
English SJ, Diaz JA, Shao X, Gordon D, Bevard M, Su G, Henke PK, Rogers VE, Upchurch GR, Piert M. Utility of (18) F-FDG and (11)C-PBR28 microPET for the assessment of rat aortic aneurysm inflammation. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:20. [PMID: 26055934 PMCID: PMC4593011 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-014-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of (18) F-FDG and (11)C-PBR28 to identify aortic wall inflammation associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development was assessed. METHODS Utilizing the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) perfusion model, abdominal aortas of male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with active PPE (APPE, AAA; N = 24) or heat-inactivated PPE (IPPE, controls; N = 16). Aortic diameter increases were monitored by ultrasound (US). Three, 7, and 14 days after induction, APPE and IPPE rats were imaged using (18) F-FDG microPET (approximately 37 MBq IV) and compared with (18) F-FDG autoradiography (approximately 185 MBq IV) performed at day 14. A subset of APPE (N = 5) and IPPE (N = 6) animals were imaged with both (11)C-PBR28 (approximately 19 MBq IV) and subsequent (18) F-FDG (approximately 37 MBq IV) microPET on the same day 14 days post PPE exposure. In addition, autoradiography of the retroperitoneal torso was performed after (11)C-PBR28 (approximately 1,480 MBq IV) or (18) F-FDG (approximately 185 MBq IV) administration at 14 days post PPE exposure. Aortic wall-to-muscle ratios (AMRs) were determined for microPET and autoradiography. CD68 and translocator protein (TSPO) immunohistochemistry (IHC), as well as TSPO gene expression assays, were performed for validation. RESULTS Mean 3 (p = 0.009), 7 (p < 0.0001) and 14 (p < 0.0001) days aortic diameter increases were significantly greater for APPE AAAs compared to IPPE controls. No significant differences in (18) F-FDG AMR were determined at days 3 and 7 post PPE exposure; however, at day 14, the mean (18) F-FDG AMR was significantly elevated in APPE AAAs compared to IPPE controls on both microPET (p = 0.0002) and autoradiography (p = 0.02). Similarly, mean (11)C-PBR28 AMR was significantly increased at day 14 in APPE AAAs compared to IPPE controls on both microPET (p = 0.04) and autoradiography (p = 0.02). For APPE AAAs, inhomogeneously increased (18) F-FDG and (11)C-PBR28 uptake was noted preferentially at the anterolateral aspect of the AAA. Compared to controls, APPE AAAs demonstrated significantly increased macrophage cell counts by CD68 IHC (p = 0.001) as well as increased TSPO staining (p = 0.004). Mean TSPO gene expression for APPE AAAs was also significantly elevated compared to IPPE controls (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION Rat AAA wall inflammation can be visualized using (18) F-FDG and (11)C-PBR28 microPET revealing regional differences of radiotracer uptake on microPET and autoradiography. These results support further investigation of (18) F-FDG and (11)C-PBR28 in the noninvasive assessment of human AAA development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean J English
- />Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jose A Diaz
- />Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Xia Shao
- />Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - David Gordon
- />Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Melissa Bevard
- />Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Gang Su
- />Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Peter K Henke
- />Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Virginia E Rogers
- />Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- />Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
| | - Morand Piert
- />Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tonar Z, Kochova P, Cimrman R, Perktold J, Witter K. Segmental differences in the orientation of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of porcine aortae. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2014; 14:315-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-014-0605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Strobl FF, Rominger A, Wolpers S, Rist C, Bamberg F, Thierfelder KM, Nikolaou K, Uebleis C, Hacker M, Reiser MF, Saam T. Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on vessel wall inflammation and calcified plaque burden differs across vascular beds: a PET-CT study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 29:1899-908. [PMID: 23979062 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-013-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors on vessel wall inflammation and the calcified plaque burden in different vascular beds as assessed by PET/CT. 315 patients (mean age: 57.8 years, 123 male and 192 female) who underwent whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations were included in the study. Blood pool-corrected standardised uptake value (TBR) and the calcified plaque score (CPS, grade 0-4) were determined in the thoracic and abdominal aorta, both common carotid and both iliac arteries. The following cardiovascular risk factors were documented: Age ≥65 years (n = 114), male gender (n = 123), diabetes (n = 15), hyperlipidemia (n = 62), hypertension (n = 76), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (n = 38), current smoker (n = 32). Effects of risk factors on TBR and CPS in different arterial beds were assessed using multivariate regression analysis. In the thoracic aorta TBR was independently associated with age ≥65 years and male gender, CPS was independently associated with age ≥65 years, male gender, hypertension and diabetes. In the abdominal aorta, TBR was independently associated with age ≥65 years and male gender, CPS with age ≥65 years, diabetes and smoking. Independent associations in the carotid arteries were found for age ≥65 years, male gender and BMI ≥ 30 in TBR and for age ≥65 and diabetes in CPS. In the iliac arteries, TBR was independently associated with age ≥65 and CPS with age ≥65, male gender, hypertension, diabetes and smoking. Findings of this PET/CT study demonstrate that the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on vessel wall inflammation and calcified plaque burden differs across vascular territories. Overall, CPS was more closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors compared to TBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik F Strobl
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Inflammation plays a significant role in many disease processes. Development in molecular imaging in recent years provides new insight into the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of various inflammatory diseases and diseases involving inflammatory process. Positron emission tomography using (18)F-FDG has been successfully applied in clinical oncology and neurology and in the inflammation realm. In addition to glucose metabolism, a variety of targets for inflammation imaging are being discovered and utilized, some of which are considered superior to FDG for imaging inflammation. This review summarizes the potential inflammation imaging targets and corresponding PET tracers, and the applications of PET in major inflammatory diseases and tumor associated inflammation. Also, the current attempt in differentiating inflammation from tumor using PET is also discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ramaswamy AK, Hamilton M 2nd, Joshi RV, Kline BP, Li R, Wang P, Goergen CJ. Molecular imaging of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:973150. [PMID: 23737735 DOI: 10.1155/2013/973150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current laboratory research in the field of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease often utilizes small animal experimental models induced by genetic manipulation or chemical application. This has led to the use and development of multiple high-resolution molecular imaging modalities capable of tracking disease progression, quantifying the role of inflammation, and evaluating the effects of potential therapeutics. In vivo imaging reduces the number of research animals used, provides molecular and cellular information, and allows for longitudinal studies, a necessity when tracking vessel expansion in a single animal. This review outlines developments of both established and emerging molecular imaging techniques used to study AAA disease. Beyond the typical modalities used for anatomical imaging, which include ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), previous molecular imaging efforts have used magnetic resonance (MR), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). Mouse and rat AAA models will hopefully provide insight into potential disease mechanisms, and the development of advanced molecular imaging techniques, if clinically useful, may have translational potential. These efforts could help improve the management of aneurysms and better evaluate the therapeutic potential of new treatments for human AAA disease.
Collapse
|