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Chen R, Mei Z, Chen J. Scrutinizing VTE risk factors in complex renal tumor patients: a comprehensive look at the VTE-RT-IVCTT study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:1813-1814. [PMID: 38051929 PMCID: PMC10942190 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province
| | - Zubing Mei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province
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Garg H, Whalen P, Marji H, Cooper R, Dursun F, Bhandari M, Khanna L, Jayakumar L, Liss MA, Svatek RS, Rodriguez R, Kaushik D, Pruthi DK. Patency outcomes of primary inferior vena cava repair in radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2023; 11:595-604.e2. [PMID: 36736700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reconstruction of inferior vena cava (IVC) during radical nephrectomy and venous tumor thrombectomy (RN-VTT) is mostly performed with primary repair or with a patch/graft. We sought to systematically evaluate the outcomes of IVC patency over short- to intermediate-term follow-up for patients undergoing primary repair of IVC and to assess the association with survival. METHODS A retrospective review of patients undergoing RN-VTT between January 2013 and August 2018 was conducted. Patients were followed until death, last available follow-up, or March 2022. The patency outcomes and IVC diameters were studied using follow-up cross-sectional imaging. The χ2 test, Student t test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients were included. The mean age was 59.2 ± 12.2 years and 45.4% had Mayo classification level III thrombus or higher. At a median follow-up of 36.5 months (13.3-60.7 months), the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 64%. Sixty patients underwent primary repair of the IVC and 48 of these patients were assessed for IVC patency. Ten patients (20.8%) developed caval occlusion, either from recurrent tumor (8.3%), new-onset bland thrombus (8.3%), or stenosis (4.2). The IVC patency seemed to be a significant predictor of OS (hazard ratio, 2.85; P = .021). Although the IVC diameters decreased significantly at the 3-month postoperative scan at the infrarenal (P = .019), renal (P < .001), and suprarenal (P < .001) levels, they did not decrease further on long-term follow-up imaging. CONCLUSIONS IVC reconstruction with primary repair results in an overall patency rate of 80.2% with only a 4.0% rate of stenosis. Recurrence of tumor thrombus (8.3%) or bland thrombus (8.3%) are the predominant reasons for IVC occlusion after RN-VTT, and this outcome is associated with poor OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Garg
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Philip Whalen
- University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX
| | - Haneen Marji
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Robert Cooper
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Furkan Dursun
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Mukund Bhandari
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Lokesh Khanna
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Dharam Kaushik
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Deepak K Pruthi
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX.
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Zhu AH, Hou XY, Tian S, Zhang WF. Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT versus contrast-enhanced MRI for venous tumour thrombus and venous bland thrombus in renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:587. [PMID: 35022440 PMCID: PMC8755813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI) to detect and grade venous tumour thrombus (VTT) and venous bland thrombus (VBT) in RCC and assess invasion of the venous wall by VTT. The PET/CT and CEMRI data of 41 patients with RCC were retrieved. The difference in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) between VTT and VBT was analysed. According to their pathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into those with and without venous wall invasion. The PET/CT and CEMRI features, including the SUVmax of the primary lesion and VTT, maximum venous diameter, complete occlusion of the vein by VTT, and VTT morphology, were compared between the two groups. All 41 patients had VTT, and eleven of the 41 patients had VBT. The mean SUVmax of the VTT (6.33 ± 4. 68, n = 41) was significantly higher than that of the VBT (1.37 ± 0.26, n = 11; P < 0.001). Ten of the 11 cases of VBT were correctly diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/CT, and all 11 were diagnosed by CEMRI. Both 18F-FDG PET/CT and CEMRI can effectively detect VTT and distinguish VTT from VBT. 18F-FDG PET/CT is less effective in grading VTT than CEMRI. Complete venous occlusion by VTT indicates venous wall invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Tian
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Z, Yang F, Ge L, Qiu M, Liu Z, Liu C, Tian X, Zhang S, Ma L. Outcomes of renal cell carcinoma with associated venous tumor thrombus: experience from a large cohort and short time span in a single center. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:766. [PMID: 34215223 PMCID: PMC8254310 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The surgical management and outcomes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) have been reported in limited sample size, and there remain discrepancies over the factors that influence oncologic outcomes after radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy (RNTE). The aim of the study was to analyze the outcomes of the patients with RCC with VTT in our institution and identify the independent prognostic factors. Methods Patients with RCC with VTT were enrolled for the study from February 2015 to December 2018. All patients underwent RNTE. Clinical data were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Survival analysis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed using Cox regression model. Results 121 patients (91 men & 30 women) were identified with a median age of 60 years. VTT level was 0 in 25 patients, I in 20, II in 50, III in 12 and IV in 14. The median follow-up time was 24 months. During the follow-up period, 51 (42%) patients died and 69 (57%) patients experienced recurrence or metastasis. The 3-year and 5-year over-all survival (OS) were 58 and 39%. Among the several factors examined, positive lymph node (P = 0.016), metastasis at surgery (P = 0.034), tumor necrosis (P = 0.023) and sarcomatoid differentiation (P < 0.001) were demonstrated as independent significant risk factors on multivariable analysis. Conclusion The OS was poor for patients with RCC with VTT. Rather than VTT level, positive lymph node, metastasis at surgery, tumor necrosis and sarcomatoid differentiation were independent prognostic predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- Peking University Health Science Centre, No.49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Urology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Shinoda Y, Watanabe T, Minamisaka T, Fukuoka H, Inui H, Ueno K, Inoue S, Mine K, Hoshida S. Inferior Vena Cava Occlusion and Ilio-Iliac Arteriovenous Fistula Caused by Tumor Invasion: A Case Report. Ann Vasc Dis 2019; 12:388-391. [PMID: 31636752 PMCID: PMC6766779 DOI: 10.3400/avd.cr.19-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An 80-year-old woman presented with general fatigue and leg edema for several months. Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography revealed inferior vena cava thrombosis, ilio-iliac arteriovenous fistula (AVF), and iliac artery pseudoaneurysm. Furthermore, malignant cells were observed in the aspirated thrombus. Although thrombus aspiration and anticoagulant therapy were unsuccessful in reducing the thrombotic mass and alleviating her symptoms, endovascular therapy for AVF and pseudoaneurysm improved her leg edema without recurrence or any endoleak. These findings highlight that endovascular therapy can be effective in older adults with cancer because of its low invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Shinoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minamisaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetada Fukuoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirooki Inui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soki Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mine
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Hoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan
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Pruthi DK, Wang H, Satsangi A, Cajipe M, Iffrig K, Haidar GM, Hicks T, Sako EY, Liss MA, Chowdhury WH, Rodriguez R, Kaushik D. Contemporary surgical outcomes of venous tumour thrombectomy managed with intraoperative Doppler ultrasound for kidney cancer. Can Urol Assoc J 2018; 12:E391-E397. [PMID: 29787368 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radical nephrectomy (RN) with venous tumour thrombectomy (VTT) carries a significant morbidity and mortality risk. Examination of a contemporary single-institution series permits the development of a management algorithm and an audit its results. We report outcomes following the use of intraoperative colour Doppler ultrasound and our surgical pathway. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who underwent RN with VTT for kidney cancer between January 1, 2013 and October 1, 2016. Surgical complications, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥3), 90-day readmission rates, and outcomes are reported. Multivariate linear regression, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard modelling were used to identify associations. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients underwent RN with VTT. Of these, 26 (45%) patients had Mayo Clinic level III or IV thrombus and nineteen required venovenous/cardiopulmonary bypass. Three patients required patch grafting. The median length of hospital stay was eight days and there were 20 major complications. The 30-day readmission rate was 21% and the 90-day mortality rate was 8.9%. In multivariate analysis, low serum albumin and age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score predicted length of stay. Increased intraoperative blood loss was significantly associated with increasing body mass index, serum creatinine, tumour thrombus level, and a history of significant weight loss >9.1kg. Low serum hematocrit predicted 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative colour Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool and can facilitate caval preservation. Caval grafting can be avoided in most cases. Venovenous bypass can be avoided in many level III cases. Early therapeutic anticoagulation should be instituted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward Y Sako
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Davila VJ, Velazco CS, Stone WM, Fowl RJ, Abdul-Muhsin HM, Castle EP, Money SR. Robotic inferior vena cava surgery. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017; 5:194-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nooromid MJ, Ju MH, Havelka GE, Kozlowski JM, Kundu SD, Eskandari MK. Fifteen-year experience with renal cell carcinoma with associated venous tumor thrombus. Surgery 2016; 160:915-923. [PMID: 27506867 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus (VTT), the importance of the extent of the VTT on survival has inconsistent published results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the VTT on morbidity and mortality of our patients with renal cell carcinoma. METHODS This was a single institution review of all patients who underwent resection of renal cell carcinoma with VTT over a 15-year period. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (26 men, 11 women) with a mean age of 61 years were analyzed. The majority of the cohort were of Neves level II (n = 19), while 8 were of Neves 0 (only renal vein) or I, and 10 were of Neves III (extending into retrohepatic cava) or IV (extending supradiaphragmatically). When compared with Neves 0-II patients, there were more Neves III-IV patients with operative time >3 hours (70% vs 30%), blood loss >2,000 mL (70% vs 33%), and intensive care unit stay longer than one day (60% vs 30%) (P ≤ .05 each). Mean follow-up was 58 months. The overall 5-year survival was 71%, and all 10 patients with Neves III-IV had survived since the operation. CONCLUSION We found advanced tumor thrombus involvement did not impact long-term survival; however, cases with suprahepatic VTT had increased operative time, blood loss, and duration of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Nooromid
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mila H Ju
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - George E Havelka
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - James M Kozlowski
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shilajit D Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark K Eskandari
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
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Goonewardene SS, Catterwell R, Brown M, Challacombe B. Robotic surgery with the Da Vinci Xi: simultaneous upper and lower tract surgery. J Robot Surg 2016; 11:373-374. [PMID: 27314859 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-016-0610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of robotic platforms has continued to advance the field and improve outcomes. We review the literature regarding the use of the Da Vinci Xi for simultaneous upper and lower tract surgery, examining outcomes. In colusion, the Xi has allowed evolution of technique and surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Brown
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
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