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Urbonavicius S, Srinanthalogen R, Sandermann J, Valius M, Kaupinis A, Ludvigsen M. A novel view to varicose veins pathogenesis: Proteomic profiling suggests a pivotal role of extracellular matrix degradation. Phlebology 2024; 39:20-28. [PMID: 37846077 DOI: 10.1177/02683555231206891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although morphological and anatomical studies indicate that venous wall weakening and subendothelial fibrosis characterize varicose veins (VV), the pathogenesis of VV remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to obtain protein expression profiles in patients with VV and thereby get a step closer to understanding the pathogenesis of VV. METHODS Specimens were obtained from total of 10 patients, that is, from 5 patients undergoing VV surgical stripping and from 5 non-VV patients undergoing bypass surgery. Specimens were collected from the same layers of venous wall. Proteins were extracted from each specimen and analyzed by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS-MS). In total, 1387 were identified and 486 proteins were identified in all samples. From these, 15 proteins were differentially expressed between VV and non-VV samples (p < .05) and 12 of these showed a fold change >1.5. RESULTS Interestingly, among the differentially expressed proteins, only two proteins were significantly increased in the VV tissue, that is, GAPDH (p = .028, fold change 2.74), where several proteins involved in maintaining the homeostasis in the extracellular matrix, that is, the CXXC zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) and nucleoporin (SEH1) were prominently downregulated (p = .049, fold change 37.8, and p = .040, fold change 3.46). The downregulation in protein expression of CXXC5 and SEH1 as well as upregulation of GAPDH were validated by Western blotting. CONCLUSION The identified differentially expressed proteins suggest an altered profile of the connective tissue proteins as well as an increased proteolytic enzyme activity which both may be central in the pathophysiology of varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigitas Urbonavicius
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Research Unit, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reshaabi Srinanthalogen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Research Unit, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jes Sandermann
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Research Unit, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomic Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomic Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Venous Wall of Patients with Chronic Venous Disease Exhibits a Glycolytic Phenotype. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101642. [PMID: 36294781 PMCID: PMC9604927 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVeD) is a rising medical condition characterized by a broad spectrum of disorders in the venous system. Varicose veins (VVs) represent a frequent clinical manifestation of CVeD, particularly in the lower limbs. Prior histopathological studies have defined a set of alterations observed in the venous wall of patients with VVs, affecting their structure and behavior. Metabolic changes in the veins appear to be a critical biological mechanism aiding our understanding of the pathogenesis of CVeD. In this sense, previous studies have identified a potential role of a glycolytic phenotype in the development of different vascular disorders; however, its precise role in CVeD remains to be fully explored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the gene and protein expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) and the glycolytic enzymes PGK-1, ALD, GA3PDH and LDH in the VVs of patients with CVeD (n = 35) in comparison to those expressed in healthy subjects. Our results display enhanced gene and protein expression of GLUT-1, PGK-1, ALD, GA3PDH and LDH in patients with CVeD, suggesting a glycolytic switch of the venous tissue. Greater understanding of the impact of this glycolytic switch in patients with CVeD is required to define a possible pathophysiological role or therapeutic implications of these changes.
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Smetanina MA, Oscorbin IP, Shadrina AS, Sevost'ianova KS, Korolenya VA, Gavrilov KA, Shevela AI, Shirshova AN, Oskina NA, Zolotukhin IA, Filipenko ML. Quantitative and structural characteristics of mitochondrial DNA in varicose veins. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107021. [PMID: 35690235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined quantitative (in terms of mtDNA/nuclear DNA) and structural (in terms of common deletions in the MT-ND4 gene region) characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in varicose veins (VVs) and venous wall layers by comparing mitochondrial genome parameters, as well as mitochondrial function (in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP)), in varicose vein (VV) vs. non-varicose vein (NV) tissue samples. METHODS We analyzed paired great saphenous vein samples (VV vs. NV segments from each patient left after venous surgery) harvested from patients with VVs. Relative mtDNA level and the proportion of no-deletion mtDNA were determined by a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR), confirming the latter with a more sensitive method - droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Mitochondria's functional state in VVs was assessed using fluorescent (dependent on MtMP) live-staining of mitochondria in venous tissues. RESULTS Total mtDNA level was lower in VV than in NV samples (predominantly in the t. media layer). ddPCR analysis showed lower proportion of no-deletion mtDNA in VVs. Because of the decrease in relative MtMP in VVs, our results suggest a possible reduction of mitochondrial function in VVs. CONCLUSION Quantitative and structural changes (copy number and integrity) of mtDNA are plausibly involved in VV pathogenesis. Future clinical studies implementing the mitochondrial targeting may be eventually fostered after auxiliary mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya A Smetanina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Fundamental Medicine of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Igor P Oscorbin
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Shadrina
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Sevost'ianova
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valeria A Korolenya
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Gavrilov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey I Shevela
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Arina N Shirshova
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A Oskina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A Zolotukhin
- Department of Faculty Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Maxim L Filipenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics Development, Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Li RN, Shen PT, Lin HYH, Liang SS. Shotgun proteomic analysis using human serum from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Sorensen DW, Carreon D, Williams JM, Pearce WJ. Hypoxic modulation of fetal vascular MLCK abundance, localization, and function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R1-R18. [PMID: 33112654 PMCID: PMC7847055 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00212.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in vascular contractility are among the most important physiological effects of acute and chronic fetal hypoxia. Given the essential role of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) in smooth muscle contractility and its heterogeneous distribution, this study explores the hypothesis that subcellular changes in MLCK distribution contribute to hypoxic modulation of fetal carotid artery contractility. Relative to common carotid arteries from normoxic term fetal lambs (FN), carotids from fetal lambs gestated at high altitude (3,802 m) (FH) exhibited depressed contractility without changes in MLCK mRNA or protein abundance. Patterns of confocal colocalization of MLCK with α-actin and 20-kDa regulatory myosin light chain (MLC20) enabled calculation of subcellular MLCK fractions: 1) colocalized with the contractile apparatus, 2) colocalized with α-actin distant from the contractile apparatus, and 3) not colocalized with α-actin. Chronic hypoxia did not affect MLCK abundance in the contractile fraction, despite a concurrent decrease in contractility. Organ culture for 72 h under 1% O2 decreased total MLCK abundance in FN and FH carotid arteries, but decreased the contractile MLCK abundance only in FH carotid arteries. Correspondingly, culture under 1% O2 depressed contractility more in FH than FN carotid arteries. In addition, hypoxia appeared to attenuate ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of MLCK, as reported for other proteins. In aggregate, these results demonstrate that the combination of chronic hypoxia followed by hypoxic culture can induce MLCK translocation among at least three subcellular fractions with possible influences on contractility, indicating that changes in MLCK distribution are a significant component of fetal vascular responses to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane W Sorensen
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Desirelys Carreon
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - James M Williams
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J Pearce
- Divisions of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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Shen PT, Lin YR, Chen BH, Huang MF, Cheng CW, Shiue YL, Liang SS. A standard addition method to quantify histamine by reductive amination and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:412-418. [PMID: 31006258 DOI: 10.1177/1469066719838966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that acts as a neurotransmitter in the uterus, spinal cord, and brain and is involved in local immune responses. In this study, we developed a fast and simple derivatization method based on reductive amination that can be used to quantify histamine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Histamine isotope analogs were synthesized via reductive amination. Histamine was modified with H2-formaldehyde to form N-dimethylated histamine to act as a standard or with D2-formaldehyde to form N-dimethylated histamine-d4 to act as an internal standard. Using this method, we achieved a limit of detection of 3.6 ng/mL, a limit of quantification of 7.9 ng/mL, and a linear calibration curve with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9987. Furthermore, the intra-day relative standard deviations ranged from 0.9% to 3.7% and the inter-day relative standard deviations ranged from 2.0% to 17.6%. After derivatization, N-dimethylated histamine showed 382.5% signal enhancement compared to unmodified histamine in mass spectrometry detection. To demonstrate the applicability of this method for biological samples, we utilized standard addition method to quantify histamine in fetal bovine serum and achieved a recovery of 86.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsun Shen
- 1 Health and Technology Center, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Mei-Fang Huang
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Chieh-Wen Cheng
- 5 College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
- 6 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung
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Smetanina MA, Kel AE, Sevost'ianova KS, Maiborodin IV, Shevela AI, Zolotukhin IA, Stegmaier P, Filipenko ML. DNA methylation and gene expression profiling reveal MFAP5 as a regulatory driver of extracellular matrix remodeling in varicose vein disease. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1103-1119. [PMID: 30070582 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To integrate transcriptomic and DNA-methylomic measurements on varicose versus normal veins using a systems biological analysis to shed light on the interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. MATERIALS & METHODS Differential expression and methylation were measured using microarrays, supported by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmation for relevant gene products. A systems biological 'upstream analysis' was further applied. RESULTS We identified several potential key players contributing to extracellular matrix remodeling in varicose veins. Specifically, our analysis suggests MFAP5 acting as a master regulator, upstream of integrins, of the cellular network affecting the varicose vein condition. Possible mechanism and pathogenic model were outlined. CONCLUSION A coherent model proposed incorporates the relevant signaling networks and will hopefully aid further studies on varicose vein pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya A Smetanina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology & Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Department of Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander E Kel
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology & Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Department of Research & Development, geneXplain GmbH, Wolfenbüttel D-38302, Germany
| | - Ksenia S Sevost'ianova
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology & Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Maiborodin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology & Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey I Shevela
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology & Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A Zolotukhin
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology & Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Chair of Faculty Surgery of the Medical Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Philip Stegmaier
- Department of Research & Development, geneXplain GmbH, Wolfenbüttel D-38302, Germany
| | - Maxim L Filipenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology & Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Department of Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Proteomic analysis and translational perspective of hepatocellular carcinoma: Identification of diagnostic protein biomarkers by an onco-proteogenomics approach. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:535-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Tsai DC, Liu MC, Lin YR, Huang MF, Liang SS. A novel reductive amination method with isotopic formaldehydes for the preparation of internal standard and standards for determining organosulfur compounds in garlic. Food Chem 2015; 197:692-8. [PMID: 26617005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a long-cultivated plant that is widely utilized in cooking and has been employed as a medicine for over 4000 years. In this study, we fabricated standards and internal standards (ISs) for absolute quantification via reductive amination with isotopic formaldehydes. Garlic has four abundant organosulfur compounds (OSCs): S-allylcysteine, S-allylcysteinine sulfoxide, S-methylcysteine, and S-ethylcysteine are abundant in garlic. OSCs with primary amine groups were reacted with isotopic formaldehydes to synthesize ISs and standards. Cooked and uncooked garlic samples were compared, and we utilized tandem mass spectrometry equipped with a selective reaction monitoring technique to absolutely quantify the four organosulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Cheng Tsai
- Division of Urology, Ten Chan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Research, Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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A proteomics analysis to evaluate cytotoxicity in NRK-52E cells caused by unmodified Nano-Fe₃O₄. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:754721. [PMID: 25197711 PMCID: PMC4150542 DOI: 10.1155/2014/754721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized unmodified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with particles size from 10 nm to 100 nm. We cultured NRK-52E cell lines (rat, kidney) and treated with Fe3O4 NPs to investigate and evaluate the cytotoxicity of NPs for NRK-52E cells. Through global proteomics analysis using dimethyl labeling techniques and liquid phase chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), we characterized 435 proteins including the programmed cell death related proteins, ras-related proteins, glutathione related proteins, and the chaperone proteins such as heat shock proteins, serpin H1, protein disulfide-isomerase A4, endoplasmin, and endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins. From the statistical data of identified proteins, we believed that NPs treatment causes cell death and promotes expression of ras-related proteins. In order to avoid apoptosis, NRK-52E cell lines induce a series of protective effects such as glutathione related proteins to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and chaperone proteins to recycle damaged proteins. We suggested that, in the indigenous cellular environment, Fe3O4 NPs treatment induced an antagonistic effect for cell lines to go to which avoids apoptosis.
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