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Liang SS, Shen PT, Liang YQ, Ke YW, Cheng CW, Lin YR. Assisted Reductive Amination for Quantitation of Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, and Serotonin by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:4580. [PMID: 37375135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we used isotopic formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride via reductive amination to label two methyl groups on primary amine to arrange the standards (h2-formaldehyde-modified) and internal standards (ISs, d2-formaldehyde-modified) of tryptophan and its metabolites, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and 5-hydroxytryptophan. These derivatized reactions with a high yield are very satisfactory for manufacturing standards and ISs. This strategy will generate one or two methyl groups on amine to create different mass unit shifts with 14 vs. 16 or 28 vs. 32 in individual compounds for biomolecules with amine groups. In other words, multiples of two mass units shift are created using this derivatized method with isotopic formaldehyde. Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and tryptophan were used as examples to demonstrate isotopic formaldehyde-generating standards and ISs. h2-formaldehyde-modified serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and tryptophan are standards to construct calibration curves, and d2-formaldehyde-modified analogs such as ISs spike into samples to normalize the signal of each detection. We utilized multiple reaction monitoring modes and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to demonstrate the derivatized method suitable for these three nervous biomolecules. The derivatized method demonstrated a linearity range of the coefficient of determinations between 0.9938 to 0.9969. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 1.39 to 15.36 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsun Shen
- Protein Chemistry Core Laboratory, Core Instrument Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Qing Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Ke
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wen Cheng
- Bachelor Program in Industrial Technology, College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
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Yun JP, Zhang AH, Liu F, Li TD, Lin YR, Pan QY. [Elemental and isotopic determination of lead in whole blood by ISIS-ICP-MS]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2019; 37:619-622. [PMID: 31495121 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish a method for determination of lead and istope ratios in the blood by ISIS-ICP-MS. Methods: After wet digestion, the blood sample was on-line addition of thallium as internal standard and analyzed by ISIS-ICP-MS. Results: The limit of detection was 0.03 μg/L and the lower limit of quantification was 0.08 μg/L. The detection concentration was 0.45 μg/L and the minimum quantitative concentration was 1.49 μg/L. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.3%~1.7%. The recovery was between 91.0% and 103.4%. The precision of the major lead isotope ratios was better than 0.3%. The calibrated isotope ratios of the standard liquid are close to the certificate. Conclusion: The method has a low detection limit, good precision and high accuracy, it is feasible for determination of lead concentration and isotope ratios in the bloune.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Yun
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - A H Zhang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - F Liu
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - T D Li
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Y R Lin
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Q Y Pan
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Shen PT, Lin YR, Chen BH, Huang MF, Cheng CW, Shiue YL, Liang SS. A standard addition method to quantify histamine by reductive amination and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2019; 25:412-418. [PMID: 31006258 DOI: 10.1177/1469066719838966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that acts as a neurotransmitter in the uterus, spinal cord, and brain and is involved in local immune responses. In this study, we developed a fast and simple derivatization method based on reductive amination that can be used to quantify histamine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Histamine isotope analogs were synthesized via reductive amination. Histamine was modified with H2-formaldehyde to form N-dimethylated histamine to act as a standard or with D2-formaldehyde to form N-dimethylated histamine-d4 to act as an internal standard. Using this method, we achieved a limit of detection of 3.6 ng/mL, a limit of quantification of 7.9 ng/mL, and a linear calibration curve with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9987. Furthermore, the intra-day relative standard deviations ranged from 0.9% to 3.7% and the inter-day relative standard deviations ranged from 2.0% to 17.6%. After derivatization, N-dimethylated histamine showed 382.5% signal enhancement compared to unmodified histamine in mass spectrometry detection. To demonstrate the applicability of this method for biological samples, we utilized standard addition method to quantify histamine in fetal bovine serum and achieved a recovery of 86.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsun Shen
- 1 Health and Technology Center, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Mei-Fang Huang
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Chieh-Wen Cheng
- 5 College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
- 6 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung
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Li TD, Zhang W, Cai JM, Lin YR, Yun JP, Liu F. [Determination of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in the air of workplace by gas chromatography]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2019; 37:453-456. [PMID: 31256530 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish a solvent desorption gas chromatographic method for determination of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in the air of the Workplace. Methods: Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane were collected with activated carbon tube and desorbed with dichloromethane, separated with DB-1 capillary columns, and then detected with flame ionization detector. Results: The linearity ranges were 1.9-304.8 μg/ml for Sevoflurane, 2.1-300.4 μg/ml for Isoflurane and 1.7-305.2 μg/ml for Enflurane, The correlation coefficient was both >0.999. Their limits of detection were 0.6 μg/ml, 0.6 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, and Their limits of quatification were 1.9 μg/ml, 2.1 μg/ml and 1.7 μg/ml, and their minimum detectable concentrations were 0.1、0.2 and 0.1 mg/m(3) per 4.5 L of air. Their relative standard deviations (RSD) were 2.5%-3.0%, 2.3%-3.1% and 2.2%-3.0%. The average desorption efficiencies were 101.1%-103.3%, 100.7%-102.7% and 101.0%-102.9%. The sampling efficiency was both 100%. The breakthrough volume of 100 mg actived carbon was 3.7 mg, 3.4 mg and 3.4 mg. Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in activated carbon tube could be kept at least 10 days at room temperature without significant losses. Conclusion: The method shows lower detection limit, high accuracy and precision. It is feasible for determination of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in the air of workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Li
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518001, China
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Lin YR, Li TD, Liu F, Yun JP, Xie YX, Chen JH. [Simultaneous determination of various volatile organic compounds in urine by headspace GC-MS]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 36:305-307. [PMID: 29996258 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish a method for determination of acetone, dichloromethane, hexane, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, 1, 2-dichloroethane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene etc organic compounds in urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . Methods: Headspace gases of urine samples were injected into GC and determined by mass. Results: Determination of urine components were in a good linear range in their concentration range of this method. The correlation coefficients were between 0.996 and 1.000 with the detection limits between 0.1 μg/L and 4.5 μg/L, the precisions were between 1.3% and 4.6%, the recovery rates were between 86.2% and 97.4%. Conclusion: This method has the advantages of low detection limits, high accuracy, high precision and simple pretreatment, which is suitable for the determination of the content of various volatile organic compounds in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Lin
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen 518001, China
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Huang MF, Lin YR, Chang YT, Shiue YL, Liang SS. Reductive amination assistance for quantification of oseltamivir phosphate and oseltamivir carboxylate by HPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1087-1088:23-28. [PMID: 29702353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oseltamivir phosphate (OP) is the first line therapy for influenza, and its primary metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) is the active agent via inhibition of neuraminidase of influenza virus. Dosages of OP and OC might affect human causing nausea and vomiting and it is therefore necessary to evaluate their toxicity and safety. The separation system: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a powerful technique to monitor OP and OC. However, quantification of OP and OC needs isotopic analogs as internal standards to monitor the stability of the sample pretreatment procedures and instruments. In this study, we demonstrated a modified method (i.e., reductive amination) to synthesize OP and OC deuterated and hydrogenated analogs as internal standards (ISs) and for illustration of calibration curves, respectively. This modification allowed to overcome ISs selection and to enhance the signal intensities via high yield reductive amination in MS detection. We utilized the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to target m/z values of precursor and product ions. N-dimethylated OP and N-dimethylated OC showed linearity ranging from 1 to 1000 ng/mL with coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9995 and 0.9999, respectively. Additionally, the relative standard deviations (RSD) of intra-day ranged from 0.3% to 5.2%, and the RSD of inter-day ranged from 2.0% to 18.8%, respectively. This quantitative method utilized spiked OP and OC at low (20 ng/mL), intermediate (100 ng/mL), and high (500 ng/mL) concentrations in human serum samples. The average recoveries for OP and OC were 84.6%-107.7% and 94.9%-98.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lin YR, Huang MF, Wu YY, Liu MC, Huang JH, Chen Z, Shiue YL, Wu CE, Liang SS. Reductive amination derivatization for the quantification of garlic components by isotope dilution analysis. Food Chem 2017; 230:1-5. [PMID: 28407889 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized internal standards for four garlic organosulfur compounds (OSCs) by reductive amination with 13C, D2-formaldehyde, and developed an isotope dilution analysis method to quantitate these organosulfur components in garlic samples. Internal standards were synthesized for internal absolute quantification of S-allylcysteine (SAC), S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (alliin), S-methylcysteine (SMC), and S-ethylcysteine (SEC). We used a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to detect 13C, D2-formaldehyde-modified OSCs by ultrahigh-performance liquid phase chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and obtained MS spectra showing different ratios of 13C, D2-formaldehyde-modified and H2-formaldehyde-modified compounds. The resulting labeled and unlabeled OSCs were exhibited correlation coefficient (R2) ranged from 0.9989 to 0.9994, respectively. The average recoveries for four OSCs at three concentration levels ranged from 89% to 105%. By 13C, D2-formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride, the reductive amination-based method can be utilized to generate novel internal standard for isotope dilution and to extend the quantitative application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Ying Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Heng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Wu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Wu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Ying Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Heng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, P.O. Box: 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Liu F, Yun JP, Li SF, Lin YR. [Determination of tin dioxide in workplace air by atomic fluorescence spectrometry after alkali fusion]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2016; 34:140-141. [PMID: 27014897 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the method of atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) after alkali fusion for determination of tin dioxide in workplace air. METHODS Tin dioxide in workplace air was collected with microporous membrane, directly digested by alkali fusion with solid sodium hydroxide heated by electric furnace, and determined by AFS. RESULTS The linear range of tin dioxide (as Sn) determined by AFS was 1.5~100 μg/L (excluding zero) , and the correlation coefficient was 0.9993. The detection limit of this method was 0.5 μg/L, the lower limit of quantification was 1.5 μg/L, and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.05 mg/m(3) (the volume of the air sample was 75 L) . The relative standard deviation was 1.94%~3.55%, and the average recovery of standard addition was 95.0%~96.0%. CONCLUSION The method of AFS after alkali fusion for determination of tin dioxide in workplace air is proved to be simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate, with complete digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupation Diseases, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Tsai DC, Liu MC, Lin YR, Huang MF, Liang SS. A novel reductive amination method with isotopic formaldehydes for the preparation of internal standard and standards for determining organosulfur compounds in garlic. Food Chem 2015; 197:692-8. [PMID: 26617005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a long-cultivated plant that is widely utilized in cooking and has been employed as a medicine for over 4000 years. In this study, we fabricated standards and internal standards (ISs) for absolute quantification via reductive amination with isotopic formaldehydes. Garlic has four abundant organosulfur compounds (OSCs): S-allylcysteine, S-allylcysteinine sulfoxide, S-methylcysteine, and S-ethylcysteine are abundant in garlic. OSCs with primary amine groups were reacted with isotopic formaldehydes to synthesize ISs and standards. Cooked and uncooked garlic samples were compared, and we utilized tandem mass spectrometry equipped with a selective reaction monitoring technique to absolutely quantify the four organosulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Cheng Tsai
- Division of Urology, Ten Chan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Research, Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Liu W, Shiue YL, Lin YR, Lin HYH, Liang SS. A Derivative Method with Free Radical Oxidation to Predict Resveratrol Metabolites by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CURR ANAL CHEM 2015; 11:300-306. [PMID: 27594817 PMCID: PMC5003074 DOI: 10.2174/1573411011666150515233817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated an oxidative method with free radical to generate 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (trans-resveratrol) metabolites and detect sequentially by an autosampler coupling with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer (LC-ESI–MS/MS). In this oxidative method, the free radical initiator, ammonium persulfate (APS), was placed in a sample bottle containing resveratrol to produce oxidative derivatives, and the reaction progress was tracked by autosampler sequencing. Resveratrol, a natural product with purported cancer preventative qualities, produces metabolites including dihydroresveratrol, 3,4′-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene, lunularin, resveratrol monosulfate, and dihydroresveratrol monosulfate by free radical oxidation. Using APS free radical, the concentrations of resveratrol derivatives differ as a function of time. Besides simple, convenient and time- and labor saving, the advantages of free radical oxidative method of its in situ generation of oxidative derivatives followed by LC-ESI–MS/MS can be utilized to evaluate different metabolites in various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung,Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of
Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung,Taiwan
| | - Yi-Reng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung,Taiwan
| | - Hugo You-Hsien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung,Taiwan;; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 6Department of
Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 7Center for Resources, Research and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung,Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung,Taiwan;; Institute of
Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung,Taiwan
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Lin YR, Mok HK, Wu YH, Liang SS, Hsiao CC, Huang CH, Chiou SH. Comparative proteomics analysis of degenerative eye lenses of nocturnal rice eel and catfish as compared to diurnal zebrafish. Mol Vis 2013; 19:623-37. [PMID: 23559856 PMCID: PMC3611949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the lens crystallin diversity of degenerative eyes from the rice eel (Monopterus albus) and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) as compared to that of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by using comparative proteomics methodologies. We endeavored to investigate the evolution of vertebrate lenses particularly concerning the functional loss of lenses in degenerative eyes of rice eels and catfishes living under an environment of perpetual darkness. METHODS Fish lenses were collected and homogenized to extract total soluble proteins. The protein mixtures were separated by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1D or 2D gel), plus the newer gel-free shotgun proteomic strategy, followed by in-gel digestion and subjection of the digested protein bands or spots to liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The proteomics data were analyzed and compared based on the proteomics databank of zebrafish. The soluble lens protein solutions of three piscine species were also processed by gel-filtration chromatography and 1D sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the comparison and validation of various crystallin families, e.g., α-, β-, and γ-crystallins. RESULTS In zebrafish eye lenses, γ-crystallin constituted about 71% and α- and β-crystallins comprised 30% of total lens proteins. In rice eel lenses, very little or almost no α-crystallins were detected and β- and γ-crystallins comprised more than 98% of total lens proteins. In catfish lenses, α- and β-crystallins comprised about 40% and γ-crystallin constitutes 60% of total lens proteins. It was of interest to find that α-crystallin was totally absent in the rice eel in contrast to the presence, albeit with very low amounts, of α-crystallin in similarly nocturnal catfish. The ratio of α-crystallin subunits (αA/αB) was found to be about 20:1 for the catfish lens, in great contrast to the ratio of about 3:1 found for most mammalian lenses. In contrast, β- and γ-crystallins were more abundant in lenses of these three piscine species, similar to mammalian lenses. By proteomics analysis, the most abundant β-crystallins were found to comprise a diverse group of βA1a, βA1-2, βA2a, βA2-2, βA4, βB1, βB2, and βB3 subunit crystallins; the monomeric γ-crystallin class contains γB, γD, γM2, γM3, γM5, γM7, γN-A, γN-B, γS1, and γS2 crystallins. CONCLUSIONS In cave or nocturnal animals, the eye is sometimes reduced or eliminated because of adaptation to life in visual darkness. The comparative proteomics analysis of degenerative and normal lenses forms a firm molecular basis to investigate further the evolution of piscine lenses in the future. The total numbers of α-, β-, and γ-crystallins in the three fish species as revealed by the current proteomics methodology clearly indicate the complexity and diversity of crystallin species present in the piscine class of vertebrates. The unexpected finding that α-crystallin is absent in the degenerative eye lenses of rice eel may have some bearing on the chaperone function of α-crystallin in regard to its protective role of preventing protein aggregation in diurnal vertebrate lenses to maintain functional transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Reng Lin
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hin-Kiu Mok
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat- Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Heng Wu
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences and Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Horng Chiou
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Abstract
AIM To present a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the mandible, and manifesting as a periapical lesion. SUMMARY A 56-year-old male suffered from pain around the right mandibular first molar for approximately 1 week. Oral examination revealed that the involved tooth was restored by a full coverage crown with no obvious abnormalities. A periapical radiograph revealed two ill-defined radiolucencies associated with the tooth, one over the mesial and another over the distal roots of the tooth; incomplete root filling and furcation involvement also being noted. The affected tooth was extracted based on the clinical impression of apical periodontitis. The surrounding tissue of the root apex was curetted and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed ACC. KEY LEARNING POINTS Adenoid cystic carcinoma affecting the mandible may mimic a periapical lesion. Proper diagnosis of such a lesion is dependent on thorough clinical, radiographic and microscopic examinations. Such a case highlights the benefits of biopsy and histological examination of collected tissues. Diagnosis of lesions in the mandible should include salivary gland tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Chen
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common neoplasm for both the major and minor salivary glands. While PA is occasionally associated with cystic change or hemorrhage necrosis, spontaneous infarction appears to be very uncommon. We report two unusual cases of extensive necrosis of PA; one occurred in the palate with the necrotic tumor mass slipping into the oral cavity. This phenomenon, possibly associated with incision biopsy, has never been described previously. A second case, arising in the parotid with spontaneous tumor necrosis, poses some dilemma in differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Chen
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Skrandies W, Chiu MJ, Lin YR. Durch Worte evozierte Hirnaktivität: Unterschiede zwischen Sprachen. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-816538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Draye X, Lin YR, Qian XY, Bowers JE, Burow GB, Morrell PL, Peterson DG, Presting GG, Ren SX, Wing RA, Paterson AH. Toward integration of comparative genetic, physical, diversity, and cytomolecular maps for grasses and grains, using the sorghum genome as a foundation. Plant Physiol 2001; 125:1325-41. [PMID: 11244113 PMCID: PMC65612 DOI: 10.1104/pp.125.3.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2000] [Accepted: 12/20/2000] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The small genome of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) provides an important template for study of closely related large-genome crops such as maize (Zea mays) and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and is a logical complement to distantly related rice (Oryza sativa) as a "grass genome model." Using a high-density RFLP map as a framework, a robust physical map of sorghum is being assembled by integrating hybridization and fingerprint data with comparative data from related taxa such as rice and using new methods to resolve genomic duplications into locus-specific groups. By taking advantage of allelic variation revealed by heterologous probes, the positions of corresponding loci on the wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice, maize, sugarcane, and Arabidopsis genomes are being interpolated on the sorghum physical map. Bacterial artificial chromosomes for the small genome of rice are shown to close several gaps in the sorghum contigs; the emerging rice physical map and assembled sequence will further accelerate progress. An important motivation for developing genomic tools is to relate molecular level variation to phenotypic diversity. "Diversity maps," which depict the levels and patterns of variation in different gene pools, shed light on relationships of allelic diversity with chromosome organization, and suggest possible locations of genomic regions that are under selection due to major gene effects (some of which may be revealed by quantitative trait locus mapping). Both physical maps and diversity maps suggest interesting features that may be integrally related to the chromosomal context of DNA-progress in cytology promises to provide a means to elucidate such relationships. We seek to provide a detailed picture of the structure, function, and evolution of the genome of sorghum and its relatives, together with molecular tools such as locus-specific sequence-tagged site DNA markers and bacterial artificial chromosome contigs that will have enduring value for many aspects of genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Draye
- Applied Genetic Technology Center, Departments of Crop and Soil Science, Botany, and Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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17
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Paterson AH, Bowers JE, Burow MD, Draye X, Elsik CG, Jiang CX, Katsar CS, Lan TH, Lin YR, Ming R, Wright RJ. Comparative genomics of plant chromosomes. Plant Cell 2000; 12:1523-40. [PMID: 11006329 PMCID: PMC149067 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.9.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2000] [Accepted: 08/14/2000] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A H Paterson
- Applied Genetic Technology Center, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Botany, and Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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18
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Lin YR, Draye X, Qian X, Ren S, Zhu LH, Tomkins J, Wing RA, Li Z, Paterson AH. Locus-specific contig assembly in highly-duplicated genomes, using the BAC-RF method. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:E23. [PMID: 10710440 PMCID: PMC102806 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.7.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy, the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes that are similar but not identical, complicates both chromosome walking and assembly of sequence-ready contigs for many plant taxa including a large number of economically-significant crops. Traditional 'dot-blot hybridization' or PCR-based assays for identifying BAC clones corresponding to a mapped DNA landmark usually do not provide sufficient information to distinguish between allelic and non-allelic loci. A restriction fragment matching method using pools of BAC DNA in combination with dot-blots reveals the locus specificity of individual BACs that correspond to multi-locus DNA probes, in a manner that can efficiently be applied on a large scale. This approach also provides an alternative means of mapping DNA loci that exploits many advantages of 'radiation hybrid' mapping in taxa for which such hybrids are not available. The BAC-RF method is a practical and reliable approach for using high-density RFLP maps to anchor sequence-ready BAC contigs in highly-duplicated genomes, provides an alternative to high-density robotic gridding for screening BAC libraries when the necessary equipment is not available, and permits the expedient isolation of individual members of multigene or repetitive DNA families for a wide range of genetic and evolutionary investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Lin
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
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19
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Ming R, Liu SC, Lin YR, da Silva J, Wilson W, Braga D, van Deynze A, Wenslaff TF, Wu KK, Moore PH, Burnquist W, Sorrells ME, Irvine JE, Paterson AH. Detailed alignment of saccharum and sorghum chromosomes: comparative organization of closely related diploid and polyploid genomes. Genetics 1998; 150:1663-82. [PMID: 9832541 PMCID: PMC1460436 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/150.4.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex polyploid genomes of three Saccharum species have been aligned with the compact diploid genome of Sorghum (2n = 2x = 20). A set of 428 DNA probes from different Poaceae (grasses) detected 2460 loci in F1 progeny of the crosses Saccharum officinarum Green German x S. spontaneum IND 81-146, and S. spontaneum PIN 84-1 x S. officinarum Muntok Java. Thirty-one DNA probes detected 226 loci in S. officinarum LA Purple x S. robustum Molokai 5829. Genetic maps of the six Saccharum genotypes, including up to 72 linkage groups, were assembled into "homologous groups" based on parallel arrangements of duplicated loci. About 84% of the loci mapped by 242 common probes were homologous between Saccharum and Sorghum. Only one interchromosomal and two intrachromosomal rearrangements differentiated both S. officinarum and S. spontaneum from Sorghum, but 11 additional cases of chromosome structural polymorphism were found within Saccharum. Diploidization was advanced in S. robustum, incipient in S. officinarum, and absent in S. spontaneum, consistent with biogeographic data suggesting that S. robustum is the ancestor of S. officinarum, but raising new questions about the antiquity of S. spontaneum. The densely mapped Sorghum genome will be a valuable tool in ongoing molecular analysis of the complex Saccharum genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ming
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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20
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Chang HR, Yu HS, Chai CY, Lin YR, Yu CL. Arsenic induces decreased expression of beta2-adrenergic receptors in cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 1998; 290:402-4. [PMID: 9749997 DOI: 10.1007/s004030050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H R Chang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia-Nan College of Pharmacy and Science, Taiwan
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21
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Chai CY, Yu HS, Chang HR, Lin YR, Yu CL. UVB irradiation induces decreased expression of beta 2-adrenergic receptors in cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 1996; 289:55-6. [PMID: 9017137 DOI: 10.1007/s004030050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Paterson AH, Lan TH, Reischmann KP, Chang C, Lin YR, Liu SC, Burow MD, Kowalski SP, Katsar CS, DelMonte TA, Feldmann KA, Schertz KF, Wendel JF. Toward a unified genetic map of higher plants, transcending the monocot-dicot divergence. Nat Genet 1996; 14:380-2. [PMID: 8944014 DOI: 10.1038/ng1296-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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23
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Paterson AH, Lin YR, Li Z, Schertz KF, Doebley JF, Pinson SR, Liu SC, Stansel JW, Irvine JE. Convergent Domestication of Cereal Crops by Independent Mutations at Corresponding Genetic Loci. Science 1995; 269:1714-8. [PMID: 17821643 DOI: 10.1126/science.269.5231.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Independent domestication of sorghum, rice, and maize involved convergent selection for large seeds, reduced disarticulation of the mature inflorescence, and daylength-insensitive flowering. These similar phenotypes are largely determined by a small number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that correspond closely in the three taxa. The correspondence of these QTLs transcends 65 million years of reproductive isolation. This finding supports models of quantitative inheritance that invoke relatively few genes, obviates difficulties in map-based cloning of QTLs, and impels the comparative mapping of complex pheno-types across large evolutionary distances, such as those that separate humans from rodents and domesticated mammals.
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24
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Lin YR, Schertz KF, Paterson AH. Comparative analysis of QTLs affecting plant height and maturity across the Poaceae, in reference to an interspecific sorghum population. Genetics 1995; 141:391-411. [PMID: 8536986 PMCID: PMC1206736 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/141.1.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Correspondence among QTLs affecting height and/or flowering was investigated across the five races of sorghum, an interspecific sorghum F2 population, and 32 previously published sorghum, maize, rice, wheat, and barley populations revealing 185 QTLs or discrete mutants. Among nine QTLs mapped in the interspecific sorghum population (six affecting height and three affecting flowering), at least seven (78%) are associated with "conversion," backcross-introgression of alleles imparting reduced height or earlier flowering from cultivated sorghums into one or more exotic Sorghum bicolor races. One chromosomal region was "converted" in all S. bicolar races--in the interspecific F2, this region explained 54.8% of height variation (putatively the Dw2 gene) and 85.7% of flowering time variation (putatively Ma1). Comparative data suggest that Ma1 and Dw2 orthologs influence height and flowering of other Poaceae taxa and support classical dogma that the sorghum phenotypes attributed to Ma1 and Dw2 (respectively) are due to different genetic loci. Other sorghum QTLs also showed correspondence with those in other Poaceae, more frequently than would be expected by chance. Possible homoeologous QTLs were found within both the maize and sorghum genomes. Comparative QTL mapping provides a means to unify, and thereby simplify, molecular analysis of complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Lin
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2474, USA
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25
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Paterson AH, Schertz KF, Lin YR, Liu SC, Chang YL. The weediness of wild plants: molecular analysis of genes influencing dispersal and persistence of johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6127-31. [PMID: 11607551 PMCID: PMC41655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.13.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many major weeds rely upon vegetative dispersal by rhizomes and seed dispersal by "shattering" of the mature inflorescence. We report molecular analysis of these traits in a cross between cultivated and wild species of Sorghum that are the probable progenitors of the major weed "johnsongrass." By restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping, variation in the number of rhizomes producing above-ground shoots was associated with three quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Variation in regrowth (ratooning) after overwintering was associated with QTLs accounting for additional rhizomatous growth and with QTLs influencing tillering. Vegetative buds that become rhizomes are similar to those that become tillers--one QTL appears to influence the number of such vegetative buds available, and additional independent genes determine whether individual buds differentiate into tillers or rhizomes. DNA markers described herein facilitate cloning of genes associated with weediness, comparative study of rhizomatousness in other Poaceae, and assessment of gene flow between cultivated and weedy sorghums--a risk that constrains improvement of sorghum through biotechnology. Cloning of "weediness" genes may create opportunities for plant growth regulation, in suppressing propagation of weeds and enhancing productivity of major forage, turf, and "ratoon" crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Paterson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
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26
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Chittenden LM, Schertz KF, Lin YR, Wing RA, Paterson AH. A detailed RFLP map of Sorghum bicolor x S. propinquum, suitable for high-density mapping, suggests ancestral duplication of Sorghum chromosomes or chromosomal segments. Theor Appl Genet 1994; 87:925-33. [PMID: 24190526 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1993] [Accepted: 07/23/1993] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The first "complete" genetic linkage map of Sorghum section Sorghum is described, comprised of ten linkage groups putatively corresponding to the ten gametic chromosomes of S. bicolor and S. propinquum. The map includes 276 RFLP loci, predominately detected by PstI-digested S. bicolor genomic probes, segregating in 56 F2 progeny of a cross between S. bicolor and S. propinquum. Although prior cytological evidence suggests that the genomes of these species are largely homosequential, a high level of molecular divergence is evidenced by the abundant RFLP and RAPD polymorphisms, the marked deviations from Mendelian segregation in many regions of the genome, and several species-specific DNA probes. The remarkable level of DNA polymorphism between these species will facilitate development of a high-density genetic map. Further, the high level of DNA polymorphism permitted mapping of multiple loci for 21 (8.2%) DNA probes. Linkage relationships among eight (38%) of these probes suggest ancestral duplication of three genomic regions. Mapping of 13 maize genomic clones in this cross was consistent with prior results. Mapping of heterologous cDNAs from rice and oat suggests that it may be feasible to extend comparative mapping to these distantly-related species, and to ultimately generate a detailed description of chromosome rearrangements among cultivated Gramineae. Limited investigation of a small number of RFLPs showed several alleles common to S. bicolor and S. Halepense ("johnson-grass"), but few alleles common to S. propinquum and S. halepense, raising questions about the origin of S. halepense.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chittenden
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A & M University, 77843-2474, TX, USA
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