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Hiemstra J, van Tuijl P, van Lankveld J. The associations of sexual desire, daily stress, and intimacy in gay men in long-term relationships. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:248-255. [PMID: 36670284 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the associations between daily stress, sexual desire and intimacy in gay men in long-term relationships. A daily diary method of data collection was used. Twenty-two adult participants completed brief questionnaires ten times per day during seven consecutive days. Multilevel regression analyses revealed significant negative associations of daily stress with sexual desire (p = 0.003); higher stress came with lower levels of sexual desire, and vice versa. The hypothesized moderation effect of the associations of stress with sexual desire by intimacy was found significant (p = 0.003). However, the effect was not as predicted: at higher levels of intimacy the negative effect of stress on sexual desire was shown to be stronger than at lower levels. Most temporal associations of stress and intimacy with sexual desire were not significant. Nevertheless, the present findings implicate that daily stress and intimacy are important factors in sexual functioning of gay men in long-term relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piet van Tuijl
- Department of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Fleck L, Fuchs A, Sele S, Moehler E, Koenig J, Resch F, Kaess M. Prenatal stress and child externalizing behavior: effects of maternal perceived stress and cortisol are moderated by child sex. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:94. [PMID: 37550728 PMCID: PMC10408175 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalizing behavior problems are related to social maladjustment. Evidence indicates associations between prenatal stress and child behavioral outcomes. It remains unclear how psychological distress vs. biological correlates of stress (cortisol) differentially predict externalizing behavior, and how their effects might differ as a function of child sex. METHOD 108 pregnant women from the community collected salivary cortisol and reported their perceived stress during each trimester of pregnancy. At child age 9 years (M = 9.01, SD = 0.55), 70 mothers and children reported on child behavior. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze how cortisol levels and perceived stress during pregnancy predicted current child externalizing behavior, considering the moderating effect of child sex. RESULTS Perceived stress predicted higher externalizing behavior in boys (β = 0.42, p = 0.009) and lower externalizing behavior in girls (β = - 0.56, p = 0.014). Cortisol predicted lower externalizing behavior in boys (β = - 0.81, p < .001) and was not related to girls' externalizing behavior (β = 0.37, p = 0.200). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Prenatal stress affected externalizing behavior differently in girls vs. boys. These response patters in turn differed for indicators of psychological vs. biological maternal stress, encouraging an integrated approach. Findings indicate that perceived stress and cortisol may affect child development via different trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Fleck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvano Sele
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Moehler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Weermeijer J, Lafit G, Kiekens G, Wampers M, Eisele G, Kasanova Z, Vaessen T, Kuppens P, Myin-Germeys I. Applying multiverse analysis to experience sampling data: Investigating whether preprocessing choices affect robustness of conclusions. Behav Res Methods 2022; 54:2981-2992. [PMID: 35141840 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The experience sampling method (ESM) has revolutionized our ability to conduct psychological research in the natural environment. However, researchers have a large degree of freedom when preprocessing ESM data, which may hinder scientific progress. This study illustrates the use of multiverse analyses regarding preprocessing choices related to data exclusion (i.e., based on various levels of compliance and exclusion of the first assessment day) and the calculation of constructs (i.e., composite scores calculated as the mean, median, or mode) by reanalyzing established group differences in negative affect, stress reactivity, and emotional inertia between individuals with and without psychosis. Data came from five studies and included 233 individuals with psychosis and 223 healthy individuals (in total, 26,892 longitudinal assessments). Preprocessing choices related to data exclusion did not affect conclusions. For both stress reactivity and emotional inertia of negative affect, group differences were affected when negative affect was calculated as the mean compared to the median or mode. Further analyses revealed that this could be attributed to considerable differences in the within- and between-factor structure of negative affect. While these findings show that observed differences in affective processes between individuals with and without psychosis are robust to preprocessing choices related to data exclusion, we found disagreement in conclusions between different central tendency measures. Safeguarding the validity of future experience sampling research, scholars are advised to use multiverse analysis to evaluate the robustness of their conclusions across different preprocessing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Weermeijer
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Department of Psychology and Education Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glenn Kiekens
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martien Wampers
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Eisele
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Department of Psychology and Education Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1029, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Laufer S, Engel S, Lupien S, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S. The Cortisol Assessment List (CoAL) A tool to systematically document and evaluate cortisol assessment in blood, urine and saliva. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 9:100108. [PMID: 35755928 PMCID: PMC9216417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Stoffel M, Neubauer AB, Ditzen B. How to assess and interpret everyday life salivary cortisol measures: A tutorial on practical and statistical considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105391. [PMID: 34607270 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salivary cortisol has been the central marker in psychoneuroendocrinological stress research for three decades. Given the technological possibilities to assess data in ecologically valid circumstances, many studies have implemented longitudinal assessments of salivary cortisol in study participants' everyday life. Such studies bear the potential to understand real-life associations of cortisol with psychological traits, states, and health variables. Furthermore, changes in the neuroendocrine regulation and in cortisol reactivity can be used to evaluate the effects of behavioral interventions in real-life circumstances. While standardized paradigms have been developed to measure cortisol in laboratory settings, there is high heterogeneity in the assessment, statistical processing, and interpretation of everyday life cortisol measures. This methodological tutorial aims at summarizing important knowledge which had been accumulated during the past two decades and which could be used to set up an ambulatory assessment study focusing on salivary cortisol in everyday life. Practical advice for possible strategies at all stages of the research process is outlined in detail. Additionally, an example on how to statistically process cortisol data in a multilevel framework (including syntax) is provided. In these analyses, we investigate within- and between-person research questions regarding the association between stress and cortisol in daily life. Thus, the present work (a) can be used as tutorial for setting up everyday life studies focusing on the assessment of salivary cortisol, and (b) can be useful to avoid inconsistencies in study planning, data assessment and data processing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas B Neubauer
- Department for Education and Human Development, DIPF
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Germany.
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Rural-Urban Differences in Neuroimmune Biomarkers and Health Status Among Women Living With Breast Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2021; 44:323-332. [PMID: 32195710 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of chronic emotional and psychosocial stressors following breast cancer (BC) treatment, BC survivors are at risk of neuroimmune dysfunction in survivorship. Rural BC survivors experience more health disparities than urban BC survivors. Rural-urban residence as a variable on neuroimmune activity in extended BC survivorship continuum has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To report the feasibility of studying relationships between neuroimmune activity and perceived health in rural and urban BC survivors. METHODS Data from a pilot study of BC survivors (n = 41) were analyzed. Participants were rural (n = 16) and urban (n = 25). Participants completed Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Version 2 Health Survey questionnaires and provided salivary specimens for analysis of salivary α-amylase (sAA), cortisol, and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes were used to determine rural or urban residence. RESULTS Differences in immune activity were observed between rural and urban BC survivors (U = 34, P < .05). No rural-urban group differences in neuroendocrine activity were observed. Relationships were observed between perceptions of mental health and sAA (P < .05) in rural BC survivors and between perceptions of mental health and IL-6 (P < .05) in urban BC survivors. Interleukin 6 was positively associated with perceptions of physical health (P < .05) in rural BC survivors. CONCLUSION Pilot data suggest rural-urban residence may be a factor in relationships between neuroimmune function (ie, sAA and IL-6) and perceived health status, particularly social functioning in women with BC. Additional studies with powered designs are indicated. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Although evidence is limited, data support the feasibility of studying relationships between sAA and IL-6 and perceptions of health in women with BC.
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Han L, Wemm SE, Shen L, Spink DC, Wulfert E, Cao ZT. Noninvasive detection of human dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone and testosterone using LC-MS/MS revealed effects of birth control pills/devices and body weight on ovulatory prediction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1174:122716. [PMID: 33946036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been increasingly used to measure steroids in human saliva. We studied the performance of a conventional LC-MS/MS for measuring dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone and progesterone in human saliva. These three steroids were co-extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and derivatized. Derivatives were resolved on a C18 column and quantified using an LC-MS/MS (AB Sciex API 2000) instrument. The assay's limits of quantification were 0.03 ng/mL for all three steroids. Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 16.6-18.8% (DHEA), 12.0-15.8% (testosterone), and 12.7-19.3% (progesterone). Assay linearity analysis showed R2 of 0.9926, 0.9750 and 0.9949 for DHEA, testosterone and progesterone, respectively. No carry-over between samplings was observed. An ion-enhancement effect of 11.6% for DHEA determination and ion-suppression effects of 13.9% and 20.7% for analysis of progesterone and testosterone, respectively, were determined. No interferences by 9 steroid analogs were detected. Spiked recoveries were 85.5% (DHEA), 86.5% (testosterone), and 92.6% (progesterone). Comparison with laboratory developed test (LDT)-LC-MS/MS methods by other New York State Department of Health certified laboratories revealed R2 = 0.9425 (DHEA, LC-MS/MS = 1.0267 LDT + 21.989), R2 = 0.9849 (testosterone, LC-MS/MS = 0.9447 LDT + 9.8037), and R2 = 0.9736 (progesterone, LC-MS/MS = 1.1196 LDT + 0.0985). Reference intervals for the 3 steroids in saliva for young males and females were estimated. Results of intra-individual salivary progesterone analysis indicated that caution should be exercised when using progesterone concentrations in predicting ovulation for females who are under treatment with birth control pills/devices or has body a weight of > 90 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Stephanie E Wemm
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lei Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - David C Spink
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Edelgard Wulfert
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Zhimin Tim Cao
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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Eisele G, Vachon H, Myin-Germeys I, Viechtbauer W. Reported Affect Changes as a Function of Response Delay: Findings From a Pooled Dataset of Nine Experience Sampling Studies. Front Psychol 2021; 12:580684. [PMID: 33716852 PMCID: PMC7952513 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.580684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed responses are a common phenomenon in experience sampling studies. Yet no consensus exists on whether they should be excluded from the analysis or what the threshold for exclusion should be. Delayed responses could introduce bias, but previous investigations of systematic differences between delayed and timely responses have offered unclear results. To investigate differences as a function of delay, we conducted secondary analyses of nine paper and pencil based experience sampling studies including 1,528 individuals with different clinical statuses. In all participants, there were significant decreases in positive and increases in negative affect as a function of delay. In addition, delayed answers of participants without depression showed higher within-person variability and an initial strengthening in the relationships between contextual stress and affect. Participants with depression mostly showed the opposite pattern. Delayed responses seem qualitatively different from timely responses. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Eisele
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vachon
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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van Lankveld J, Dewitte M, Thewissen V, Jacobs N, Verboon P. Predicting Sexual Desire in Daily Life from an Attachment Perspective: An Experience Sampling study. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:311-324. [PMID: 33427108 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1871141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the temporal associations between emotional intimacy, daily hassles, and sexual desire of individuals in long-term relationships, and examined the direct and moderating effects of attachment orientation. We investigated these variables by reanalyzing an existing data set. Experience sampling methodology was used to collect data 10 times per day, across seven days. Attachment orientation was assessed with the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire. Age, gender, and relationship duration were added as predictors. Data of 134 participants (Nfemale = 87) were analyzed. Only one of the partners of a couple participated. Men overall reported higher sexual desire than women. Longer relationship duration was associated with lower sexual desire, but age was not associated with sexual desire. Increased level of intimacy predicted sexual desire across measurements with an average time interval of 90 min, but this effect was no longer significant when assessment points were 180 min apart. Daily hassles did not predict sexual desire at subsequent assessments. Avoidant and anxious attachment were not associated with sexual desire level. No interaction effects of gender, stress, intimacy and attachment orientation on sexual desire were found. Speculative explanations are offered for the absence of stress effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke Dewitte
- Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Postbus 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD Netherlands
| | - Viviane Thewissen
- Open University of the Netherlands, Psychology, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Open University of the Netherlands, Psychology, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Verboon
- Open University of the Netherlands, Psychology, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Gildner TE. Reproductive hormone measurement from minimally invasive sample types: Methodological considerations and anthropological importance. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23535. [PMID: 33174269 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic investment in human reproduction has long been recognized as costly, influencing developmental, physiological, and behavioral patterns in males and females. These effects are largely coordinated through the actions of reproductive hormones (eg, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone). Here, the utility and limitations of minimally invasive sampling techniques are explored, providing a novel perspective on how reproductive hormone measurements can enhance reproductive endocrinology research. Salivary steroid measures are most commonly used, although several dried blood spot and urine assays are also available, and researchers continue to explore the efficacy of other sample types. These relatively simple measures have facilitated the collection of multiple samples from a single participant, allowing researchers to more accurately track the diurnal and cyclical variation exhibited by many reproductive hormones. Ultimately, the ability to collect fine-grained participant data allows biological anthropologists to better test questions central to human reproductive ecology, life history theory, and public health. For example, fieldwork using these techniques suggests that testosterone profile variation across populations is influenced by energetic constraints and reproductive status. Moreover, hormone concentrations shape the development of sex characteristics, with implications for evolutionary questions related to sexual selection. Hormone levels also can be used to identify a range of medical concerns (eg, suppressed hormone production levels linked with psychosocial stress). These findings highlight how minimally invasive collection techniques can be applied to test diverse evolutionary hypotheses and identify important health concerns. Still, more work is needed to standardize collection and laboratory analysis procedures, thereby enabling more direct data comparisons between researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Walls M, Dertinger M, Unzen M, Forsberg A, Aronson B, Wille S, al’Absi M. Assessment of feasibility and outcomes of a salivary cortisol collection protocol in five American Indian communities. Stress 2020; 23:265-274. [PMID: 31578895 PMCID: PMC7174135 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1675628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of administering a naturalistic saliva collection procedure and assessment in American Indian (Indigenous) communities. We focus on Indigenous adults living with type 2 diabetes given the "epidemic" of the disease disproportionately impacting many tribal groups. Data are from community-based participatory research (CBPR) involving 5 tribal communities. Participants were randomly selected from tribal clinic records. The sample includes 188 adults living with type 2 diabetes (56% female; age range = 18-77 years; M age = 46.3 years). Participants provided a total of 748 saliva samples, representing 4 samples/participant on a single day with instructions for collection at 4 time points: upon waking, 1 h after waking, 2 h after waking, and at 8 PM. Saliva sample times were recorded by participants on paper and electronically via placement in a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®) bottle. Overall, 67% of samples were completed within 10 min of protocol instructions and 91% of participants provided at least one useable sample (79% provided four useable samples). Noncompliance, behavioral and environmental factors were not robustly associated with deviations in observed cortisol indices. Results suggest that home-based, community interviewer-involved protocols yields valid data with high compliance. The success of this study was facilitated by exemplary efforts of tribal community-based interviewers and our overall CBPR approach.Lay summaryAuthentic efforts for tribal community partnerships in research are critical to successfully implementing biological assessments with American Indians given legacies of research misconduct and mistrustOur Community-Based Participatory Research with 5 tribes yielded high participant compliance to a home-based salivary cortisol collection protocolLack of compliance to salivary cortisol protocol and medication usage were not consistently associated with observed cortisol indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Walls
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for American Indian Health
- 1915 South Street, Duluth, MN 55812,
| | - Melinda Dertinger
- Department of Family Medicine & Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth campus
| | - Michael Unzen
- Department of Family Medicine & Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth campus
| | - Angie Forsberg
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for American Indian Health
| | - Benjamin Aronson
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University
| | - Stephanie Wille
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for American Indian Health
| | - Mustafa al’Absi
- Department of Family Medicine & Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth campus
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Booij SH, Wigman JTW, Jacobs N, Thiery E, Derom C, Wichers M, Oravecz Z. Cortisol dynamics in depression: Application of a continuous-time process model. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 115:104598. [PMID: 32087521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporal dynamics of cortisol may be altered in depression. Optimally studying these dynamics in daily life requires specific analytical methods. We used a continuous-time multilevel process model to study set point (rhythm-corrected mean), variability around this set point, and regulation strength (speed with which cortisol levels regulate back to the set point after any perturbation). We examined the generalizability of the parameters across two data sets with different sampling and assay methods, and the hypothesis that regulation strength, but not set point or variability thereof, would be altered in depressed, compared to non-depressed individuals. METHODS The first data set is a general population sample of female twins (n = 523), of which 21 were depressed, with saliva samples collected 10 times a day for 5 days. The second data set consists of pair-matched clinically depressed and non-depressed individuals (n = 30), who collected saliva samples 3 times a day for 30 days. Set point, regulation strength and variability were examined using a Bayesian multilevel Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process model. They were first compared between samples, and thereafter assessed within samples in relation to depression. RESULTS Set point and variability of salivary cortisol were twice as high in the female twin sample, compared to the pair-matched sample. The ratio between set point and variability, as well as regulation strength, which are relative measures and therefore less affected by the specific assay method, were similar across samples. The average regulation strength was high; after an increase in cortisol, cortisol levels would decrease by 63 % after 10 min, and by 95 % after 30 min, but depressed individuals of the pair-matched sample displayed an even faster regulation strength. CONCLUSIONS The OU process model recovered similar cortisol dynamics for the relative parameters of the two data sets. The results suggest that regulation strength is increased in depressed individuals. We recommend the presented methodology for future studies and call for replications with more diverse depressed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne H Booij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, The Netherlands; Friesland Mental Health Services, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Lentis, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Johanna T W Wigman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, The Netherlands; Friesland Mental Health Services, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, The Netherlands
| | - Zita Oravecz
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Schlotz W. Investigating associations between momentary stress and cortisol in daily life: What have we learned so far? Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 105:105-116. [PMID: 30503527 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since cortisol measurement in saliva has been established, it has been used as an indicator of stress-related hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity. Concurrent development of methodological frameworks such as ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, and experience sampling have provided opportunities to combine both approaches in daily life research. The current review provides a summary of basic methodological principles and recommendations, as well as abstracts of findings of studies investigating momentary associations between stress and cortisol in daily life with an emphasis on within-subject associations (i.e. average covariance in repeated momentary assessments of stress and cortisol, and individual-specific deviations from the average covariance). Methodological challenges related to stress measurement, sampling principles, and appropriate statistical modeling are discussed, followed by a description of the historical development of studies on within-subject associations between momentary daily life stress and cortisol. The review concludes with a discussion of controversial methodological characteristics of these studies regarding operationalizations of stress, compliance, timing and frequency of stress and cortisol sampling, and reporting of effect sizes. Future research in this area would benefit from automated cortisol assessment, broadening of the scope of stress response measures, use of advanced statistical models that better account for dynamics in the stress process in daily life, and attempts to replicate findings. While previous studies of momentary stress and concurrent cortisol assessments have reliably confirmed some fundamental predictions from stress theory in daily life, future studies should aim at providing progress by testing innovative research questions and utilizing new technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolff Schlotz
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Kumpulainen SM, Heinonen K, Kaseva N, Andersson S, Lano A, Reynolds RM, Wolke D, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, Räikkönen K. Maternal early pregnancy body mass index and diurnal salivary cortisol in young adult offspring. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:89-99. [PMID: 30826632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Maternal early pregnancy overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) are associated with mental and physical health adversities in the offspring. Prenatal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been put forward as one of the mechanisms that may play pathophysiological role. However, evidence linking maternal overweight and obesity with offspring HPA-axis activity is scarce. We studied if maternal early pregnancy BMI is associated with diurnal salivary cortisol, a marker of HPA-axis activity, in young adult offspring. Methods At a mean age of 25.3 (standard deviation [SD) = 0.6) years, 653 Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study participants collected saliva samples for cortisol analyses, at awakening, 15 and 30 min thereafter, 10:30AM, 12:00PM, 5:30PM and at bedtime. Maternal BMI was calculated from weight and height verified by a measurement in the first antenatal clinic visit before 12 weeks of gestation derived from healthcare records. Results Per each one kg/m2 higher maternal early pregnancy BMI offspring diurnal average salivary cortisol was -1.4% (95% CI:-2.6, -0.2, pFDR = 0.033) lower, at awakening it was -2.4% (95% CI:-4.0, -0.7, pFDR = 0.025) lower and the morning average salivary cortisol was -2.0% (95% CI:-3.4, -0.5, pFDR=0.017) lower. These associations were independent of the offspring's own young adulthood BMI, and other important covariates. Conclusion Our findings show that young adult offspring born to mothers with higher early pregnancy BMI show lower average levels of diurnal cortisol, especially in the morning. Whether these findings reflect prenatal programming of the offspring HPA-axis activity warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu M Kumpulainen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Kaseva
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aulikki Lano
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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A AM, A AAF, G MM, Moselhy SS. Biochemical markers as diagnostic/prognostic indicators for ischemic disease. Afr Health Sci 2019; 18:287-294. [PMID: 30602955 PMCID: PMC6306977 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The use of a biomarker was extremely useful in clinical emergencies such as stroke to aid in triage and early management of cases. The diagnostic accuracy of laboratory biomarkers is run to approve the identification of easy, cheap and fast tests associated with cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage. The present study was designed to screen serum enolase activity, activities of CK-BB, LDH and lipid profile in patients with ischemic or related diseases as good diagnostic/ prognostic indicator for ischemic diseases. Methods Sixty male subjects in the age range of (45 ±2years) were divided into four groups each with 15 participants: Group (I) normal . Group (II) patients recently diagnosed as ischemic disease; Group (III) hypertensive patients and Group (IV); diabetic patients enolase activity (p<0.001) and CK-BB (p<0.01) in ischemic and hypertensive patients compared with control and diabetic groups. LDH level was significantly elevated in ischemic, hypertensive and diabetic patients compared with controls (p<0.001). The cut -off value for serum enolase was 62.5 nmol/l showing 90% sensitivity and 93% specificity for differentiation of ischemic disease. Positive correlations were observed between serum enolase (r = 0.56), and CK-BB (r = 0.53). Conclusion Serum enolase can be considered as a more sensitive and specific marker and used as a sensitive diagnostic or prognostic marker for ischemic related diseases.
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Religiousness, Spirituality, and Salivary Cortisol in Breast Cancer Survivorship: A Pilot Study. Cancer Nurs 2019; 41:166-175. [PMID: 28151830 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychoneuroimmunological theory suggests a physiological relationship exists between stress, psychosocial-behavioral factors, and neuroendocrine-immune outcomes; however, evidence has been limited. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine feasibility and acceptability of a salivary cortisol self-collection protocol with a mail-back option for breast cancer survivors. A secondary aim was to examine relationships between religiousness/spirituality (R/S), perceptions of health, and diurnal salivary cortisol (DSC) as a proxy measure for neuroendocrine activity. METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Participants completed measures of R/S, perceptions of health, demographics, and DSC. RESULTS The sample was composed of female breast cancer survivors (n = 41). Self-collection of DSC using a mail-back option was feasible; validity of mailed salivary cortisol biospecimens was established. Positive spiritual beliefs were the only R/S variable associated with the peak cortisol awakening response (rs = 0.34, P = .03). Poorer physical health was inversely associated with positive spiritual experiences and private religious practices. Poorer mental health was inversely associated with spiritual coping and negative spiritual experiences. CONCLUSIONS Feasibility, validity, and acceptability of self-collected SDC biospecimens with an optional mail-back protocol (at moderate temperatures) were demonstrated. Positive spiritual beliefs were associated with neuroendocrine-mediated peak cortisol awakening response activity; however, additional research is recommended. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Objective measures of DSC sampling that include enough collection time points to assess DSC parameters would increase the rigor of future DSC measurement. Breast cancer survivors may benefit from nursing care that includes spiritual assessment and therapeutic conversations that support positive spiritual beliefs.
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Abstract
Objectives: This study focused on lapse shortly after an attempt to quit smoking. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies have mapped real-time situational factors that induce lapses in everyday life. However, the possible role of nonsmoking intention is disregarded in the dynamic context of daily life, whereas intention plays a key role in behavior change and shifts during smoking cessation. This study therefore aimed to capture the influence of intention on lapse, next to the known risk factors of negative affect, low self-efficacy, craving, positive outcome expectations towards smoking (POEs), being around smokers, and stress. It is hypothesized that scores on these factors shift during the day, especially shortly after quitting, which may induce lapse. Based on behavioral explanation models, intention is hypothesized to mediate the influence of the mentioned factors on lapse. Methods: An EMA study was conducted among 49 self-quitters in the first week of smoking cessation. Results: Generalized Linear Mixed Model regression analyses revealed that low nonsmoking intentions, low self-efficacy, and being around smokers (estimates were, respectively, −0.303, −0.331, and 2.083) predicted lapse. Nonsmoking intention partially mediated the influence of self-efficacy on lapse. Nonsmoking intention was predicted by not being around smokers, high self-efficacy, and low POEs (estimates were, respectively, −0.353, 0.293, and −0.072). Conclusions: This small-scale EMA study confirms the importance of nonsmoking intention on lapse, next to self-efficacy and being around smokers. It adds insights into the mediating role of intention on the relationship between self-efficacy and lapse, and into the predictors of nonsmoking intention.
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Hulett JM, Fessele KL, Clayton MF, Eaton LH. Rigor and Reproducibility: A Systematic Review of Salivary Cortisol Sampling and Reporting Parameters Used in Cancer Survivorship Research. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 21:318-334. [PMID: 30857393 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419835321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Salivary cortisol is a commonly used biomarker in cancer survivorship research; however, variations in sampling protocols and parameter reporting limit comparisons across studies. Standardized practices to provide rigor and reproducibility of diurnal salivary cortisol sampling and reporting are not well established. Previous systematic reviews examining relationships between diurnal salivary cortisol and clinical outcomes have resulted in mixed findings. It remains unclear which sampling protocols and reporting parameters offer the greatest utility for clinical research. This review examines diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters to evaluate whether a standardized approach is recommended. A comprehensive search of intervention studies among adult cancer survivors including diurnal salivary cortisol resulted in 30 articles for review. Sampling protocols ranged from 1 to 4 days with the majority of studies sampling cortisol for 2 days. Sampling instances ranged from 2 to 7 times per day, with the majority collecting at 4 time points per day. Diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol awakening response (CAR) were the most commonly reported parameters associated with clinical outcomes. Flattened cortisol slopes, blunted CARs, and elevated evening cortisol concentrations were associated with poorer psychosocial and physiological outcomes. Based on our review, we propose that a rigorous, standardized diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocol should include sampling at key diurnal times across ≥3 consecutive days to report diurnal cortisol parameters (i.e., CAR and slope) and objective measures of participant protocol adherence. Diminishing budgetary resources and efforts to minimize participant burden dictate the importance of standardized cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Hulett
- 1 College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Linda H Eaton
- 4 School of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Washington, Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
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Noninvasive determination of human cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1203-1210. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jans-Beken L, Jacobs N, Janssens M, Peeters S, Reijnders J, Lechner L, Lataster J. Reciprocal relationships between State gratitude and high- and low-arousal positive affects in daily life: A time-lagged ecological assessment study. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2018.1497684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Jans-Beken
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mayke Janssens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Peeters
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Reijnders
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Lataster
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Garcia AF, Wilborn K, Mangold DL. The Cortisol Awakening Response Mediates the Relationship Between Acculturative Stress and Self-Reported Health in Mexican Americans. Ann Behav Med 2018; 51:787-798. [PMID: 28337601 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-017-9901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of acculturative stress as synonymous with acculturation level overlooks the dynamic, interactive, and developmental nature of the acculturation process. An individual's unique perception and response to a range of stressors at each stage of the dynamic process of acculturation may be associated with stress-induced alterations in important biological response systems that mediate health outcomes. Evidence suggests the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a promising pre-clinical biomarker of stress exposure that may link acculturative stress to self-reported health in Mexican Americans. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to examine whether alterations in the CAR mediate the relationship between acculturative stress and self-reported health in Mexican Americans. METHODS Salivary cortisol samples were collected at awakening, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter, on two consecutive weekdays from a sample of adult Mexican Americans. Acculturative stress and self-reported health were assessed. Data were aggregated and analyzed (n = 89) using a mixed effects regression model and path analysis. RESULTS Poorer self-reported health was associated with attenuated CAR profiles (primarily due to a diminished post-awakening rise in cortisol) predicted by both moderate and high levels of exposure to acculturative stress. Stress-induced alterations in the CAR mediated the relationship between exposure to acculturative stressors and self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that different levels of acculturative stress are associated with distinct CAR profiles and suggest the CAR is one possible biological pathway through which exposure to culturally unique stressors may be linked to health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Garcia
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | | | - Deborah L Mangold
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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van Lankveld J, Jacobs N, Thewissen V, Dewitte M, Verboon P. The associations of intimacy and sexuality in daily life: Temporal dynamics and gender effects within romantic relationships. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2018; 35:557-576. [PMID: 29899585 PMCID: PMC5987853 DOI: 10.1177/0265407517743076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The experience of emotional intimacy is assumed to play a particularly large role in maintaining sexual desire and partnered sexual activity in romantic relationships of longer duration. It is unclear whether the effect of intimacy on sexual contact between partners is direct or indirect, via its impact on sexual desire. Baumeister and Bratslavsky suggested that a certain increment in emotional intimacy causes a greater increment in sexual desire in men than in women. In the present study, we aimed to test the mediating role of sexual desire between perceived intimacy and sexual partner interaction and the gender effect as hypothesized by Baumeister and Bratslavsky. Experience sampling methodology in the participant's natural environment was used. At 10 quasi-random moments per day, during 7 consecutive days, 134 participants reported their feelings of emotional intimacy, sexual desire, and sexual activity. The direct effect of intimacy on sexual partner interaction was not significant, but an indirect effect via sexual desire was observed. The strength of the association between intimacy and sexual desire diminished over time, from the strongest effect when intimacy, sexual desire, and sexual activity were measured simultaneously to a very small, but significant effect at an average time lag of 3 hr. At still larger time gaps, no effects were found. Men reported a higher average level of sexual desire than women, but the strength of the link between (increases in) intimacy and sexual desire was not different between the genders. The present findings suggest that in both male and female partners in romantic, long-term relationships, higher levels of intimacy are associated with higher sexual desire, which is, in turn, associated with higher odds for partnered sexual activity to occur. The temporal association of increasing intimacy and subsequent sexual desire appears not to be different in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Open Universiteit of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter Verboon
- Open Universiteit of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
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Leendertse P, Myin-Germeys I, Lataster T, Simons CJP, Oorschot M, Lardinois M, Schneider M, van Os J, Reininghaus U. Subjective quality of life in psychosis: Evidence for an association with real world functioning? Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:116-123. [PMID: 29291477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subjective quality of life (SQOL) is an established patient-reported outcome in psychosis. However, current self-report measures of SQOL may be affected by recall bias and may not fully capture dynamic changes in SQOL over time. This study aimed to examine the ecological validity of self-reported and momentary assessment measures of SQOL, and their association with emotional experience, social interaction and activity in real life, in both patients with psychotic disorder (n = 56) and controls (n = 71). Self-reported QOL was assessed with the WHO-QOL, momentary QOL and real life experiences were assessed with the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). Results show that both measures were significantly associated in patients and controls, and associations with emotional experience were most relevant, momentary QOL being a stronger predictor than self-reported QOL. The association between momentary QOL and negative affect was stronger in patients than in controls. Overall, momentary QOL was more consistently associated with affect, social interaction and activity, while self-reported QOL displayed a more narrow association with mostly affect. Concluding, concurrent assessment of self-reported QOL and momentary QOL showed that momentary QOL may enhance the ecological validity of SQOL measurement. Experience sampling research may broaden our perspective on SQOL and its associations with real life functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pien Leendertse
- Emergis, Institute for Mental Health Care Zeeland, Goes, The Netherlands.
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tineke Lataster
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GGzE, Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven and De Kempen, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Oorschot
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Lardinois
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maude Schneider
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jim van Os
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ganster DC, Crain TL, Brossoit RM. Physiological Measurement in the Organizational Sciences: A Review and Recommendations for Future Use. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Ganster
- Department of Management, College of Business, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Tori L. Crain
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Brossoit
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Hasmi L, Drukker M, Guloksuz S, Viechtbauer W, Thiery E, Derom C, van Os J. Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Affective Regulation Network: A Prospective Experience Sampling Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:602. [PMID: 30546324 PMCID: PMC6279878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study of networks of affective mental states that play a role in psychopathology may help model the influence of genetic and environmental risks. The aim of the present paper was to examine networks of affective mental states (AMS: "cheerful," "insecure," "relaxed," "anxious," "irritated," and "down") over time, stratified by genetic liability for psychopathology and exposure to environmental risk, using momentary assessment technology. Methods: Momentary AMS, collected using the experience sampling method (ESM) as well as childhood trauma and genetic liability (based on the level of shared genes and psychopathology in the co-twin) were collected in a population-based sample of female-female twin pairs and sisters (585 individuals). Networks were generated using multilevel time-lagged regression analysis, and regression coefficients were compared across three strata of childhood trauma severity and three strata of genetic liability using permutation testing. Regression coefficients were presented as network connections. Results: Visual inspection of network graphs revealed some suggestive changes in the networks with more exposure to either childhood trauma or genetic liability (i.e., stronger reinforcing loops between the three negative AMS anxious, insecure, and down both under higher early environmental, and under higher genetic liability exposure, stronger negative association between AMS of different valences: i.e., between "anxious" at t-1 and "relaxed" at t, "relaxed" at t-1 and "down" at t, under intermediate genetic liability exposure when compared to both networks under low and high genetic liability). Yet, statistical evaluation of differences across exposure strata was inconclusive. Conclusions: Although suggestive of a difference in the emotional dynamic, there was no conclusive evidence that genetic and environmental factors may impact ESM network models of individual AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Hasmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
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Ancelin ML, Scali J, Norton J, Ritchie K, Dupuy AM, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. The effect of an adverse psychological environment on salivary cortisol levels in the elderly differs by 5-HTTLPR genotype. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 7:38-46. [PMID: 28377990 PMCID: PMC5369865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An adverse psychological environment (e.g. stressful events or depression) has been shown to influence basal cortisol levels and cortisol response to stress. This differs depending on the adverse stimuli, but also varies across individuals and may be influenced by genetic predisposition. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is a strong candidate in this regard. OBJECTIVE To investigate how stressful life events and depression are associated with diurnal cortisol levels in community-dwelling elderly and determine whether this varies according to genetic variability in the 5-HTTLPR. METHODS This population-based study included 334 subjects aged 65 and older (mean (SD) = 76.5 (6.3)). Diurnal cortisol was measured on two separate days, under quiet (basal) and stressful conditions. The number of recent major stressful events experienced during the past year was assessed from a 12-item validated questionnaire as an index of cumulative recent stressful events. Lifetime trauma was evaluated using the validated Watson's PTSD inventory, which evaluates the most severe traumatic or frightening experience according to DSM criteria. Depression was defined as having a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) diagnosis of current major depressive disorder or high levels of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale ≥16). 5-HTTLPR genotyping was performed on blood samples. RESULTS Exposure to stressful life events was associated with lower basal evening cortisol levels overall, and in the participants with the 5-HTTLPR L allele but not the SS genotype. The greatest effects (over 50% decrease, p < 0.001) were observed for the LL participants having experienced multiple recent stressful events or severe lifetime traumas. Participants with the L allele also had higher evening cortisol stress response. Conversely, depression tended to be associated with a 42% higher basal morning cortisol in the SS participants specifically, but did not modify the association between stressful events and cortisol levels. CONCLUSION An adverse psychological environment is associated with basal cortisol levels and cortisol stress response, but this differs according to 5-HTTLPR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacqueline Scali
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Norton
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Disease Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Australia
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Hasmi L, Drukker M, Guloksuz S, Menne-Lothmann C, Decoster J, van Winkel R, Collip D, Delespaul P, De Hert M, Derom C, Thiery E, Jacobs N, Rutten BPF, Wichers M, van Os J. Network Approach to Understanding Emotion Dynamics in Relation to Childhood Trauma and Genetic Liability to Psychopathology: Replication of a Prospective Experience Sampling Analysis. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1908. [PMID: 29163289 PMCID: PMC5673657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The network analysis of intensive time series data collected using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) may provide vital information in gaining insight into the link between emotion regulation and vulnerability to psychopathology. The aim of this study was to apply the network approach to investigate whether genetic liability (GL) to psychopathology and childhood trauma (CT) are associated with the network structure of the emotions "cheerful," "insecure," "relaxed," "anxious," "irritated," and "down"-collected using the ESM method. Methods: Using data from a population-based sample of twin pairs and siblings (704 individuals), we examined whether momentary emotion network structures differed across strata of CT and GL. GL was determined empirically using the level of psychopathology in monozygotic and dizygotic co-twins. Network models were generated using multilevel time-lagged regression analysis and were compared across three strata (low, medium, and high) of CT and GL, respectively. Permutations were utilized to calculate p values and compare regressions coefficients, density, and centrality indices. Regression coefficients were presented as connections, while variables represented the nodes in the network. Results: In comparison to the low GL stratum, the high GL stratum had significantly denser overall (p = 0.018) and negative affect network density (p < 0.001). The medium GL stratum also showed a directionally similar (in-between high and low GL strata) but statistically inconclusive association with network density. In contrast to GL, the results of the CT analysis were less conclusive, with increased positive affect density (p = 0.021) and overall density (p = 0.042) in the high CT stratum compared to the medium CT stratum but not to the low CT stratum. The individual node comparisons across strata of GL and CT yielded only very few significant results, after adjusting for multiple testing. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate that the network approach may have some value in understanding the relation between established risk factors for mental disorders (particularly GL) and the dynamic interplay between emotions. The present finding partially replicates an earlier analysis, suggesting it may be instructive to model negative emotional dynamics as a function of genetic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Hasmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Claudia Menne-Lothmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dina Collip
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc De Hert
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Bart P. F. Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Hustedt JT, Vu JA, Bargreen KN, Hallam RA, Han M. EARLY HEAD START FAMILIES’ EXPERIENCES WITH STRESS: UNDERSTANDING VARIATIONS WITHIN A HIGH-RISK, LOW-INCOME SAMPLE. Infant Ment Health J 2017; 38:602-616. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Condon EM. Psychosocial Influences on Acceptability and Feasibility of Salivary Cortisol Collection From Community Samples of Children. Res Nurs Health 2016; 39:449-462. [PMID: 27686043 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Salivary cortisol is considered to be a safe and noninvasive measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, and is a commonly measured biomarker of the human stress response in pediatric research. However, cortisol is highly variable and sensitive to a wide range of factors, creating a challenge for reliable salivary cortisol collection in the community setting. Furthermore, the acceptability of salivary cortisol collection in community samples of children is largely unknown. The purpose of this integrative review was to investigate current evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of salivary cortisol collection in community samples of children. In an analysis framed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, data extracted from 31 studies revealed six categories of psychosocial influences on acceptability and feasibility: uncertainty and misconceptions, cultural and ethnic values, family rules and values, difficulty following protocols and procedures, burden of multiple samples, and child refusal or resistance. Further research is required to fully understand the factors that influence acceptability and feasibility of salivary cortisol collection in community samples of children. Understanding individual, family, and community perceptions of biobehavioral research will lead to more culturally sensitive and feasible community-based research methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Condon
- Yale University School of Nursing, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange, CT 06477
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Savinov SS, Anisimov AA, Drobyshev AI. Problems and optimization of sampling, storage, and sample preparation in the determination of the trace element composition of human saliva. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816080128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ilies R, Aw SS, Lim VK. A Naturalistic Multilevel Framework for Studying Transient and Chronic Effects of Psychosocial Work Stressors on Employee Health and Well-Being. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Costa-Martins JM, Moura-Ramos M, Cascais MJ, da Silva CF, Costa-Martins H, Pereira M, Coelho R, Tavares J. Adult attachment style and cortisol responses in women in late pregnancy. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:1. [PMID: 26754482 PMCID: PMC4709978 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has documented the association between attachment and cortisol rhythms. During pregnancy, when attachment patterns are likely to be activated, elevated levels of cortisol are associated with negative effects for the mother and the foetus. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of adult attachment style and cortisol rhythms in pregnant women. Methods Eighty women in the third trimester of pregnancy participated in the study. Adult attachment was assessed using the Adult Attachment Scale – Revised (AAS-R). Participants collected 4 samples of salivary cortisol at two different days; 3 samples were collected in the morning immediately after wakeup and one sample was collected by bedtime. Results Results found group significant differences in the cortisol diurnal oscillation (F(1,71) = 26.46, p < .001,), with secure women reporting a steep decrease in cortisol from awakening to bedtime, while women with fearful avoidant attachment reported no changes. No group differences were found regarding the cortisol awakening response. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of considering attachment patterns during pregnancy, suggesting fearful avoidant attachment style as a possible risk factor for emotional difficulties and dysregulation of the neuroendocrine rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Costa-Martins
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Maternity Hospital Alfredo da Costa, Rua Viriato, 1069-089, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Moura-Ramos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Cascais
- Clinical Pathology, Biochemistry, Maternity Hospital Alfredo da Costa, Rua Viriato, 1069-089, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marco Pereira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Coelho
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Tavares
- Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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Sollberger S, Bernauer T, Ehlert U. Salivary testosterone and cortisol are jointly related to pro-environmental behavior in men. Soc Neurosci 2015; 11:553-66. [PMID: 26566048 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2015.1117987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, cortisol has been suggested to moderate the positive relationship between testosterone and antisocial behavior. More precisely, high testosterone levels have been found to be related to aggressive or dominant behavior especially when cortisol levels were low. In the present study, we aimed to extend these findings to pro-environmental behavior as an indicator of prosocial behavior. In a first step, 147 male participants provided information on their everyday pro-environmental behavior by completing an online questionnaire on various energy-saving behaviors. In a second step, subjects provided two saliva samples for the assessment of testosterone and cortisol on two subsequent mornings after awakening. We found that testosterone was negatively related to pro-environmental behavior, but only in men with low cortisol. In conclusion, our findings provide first evidence for the joint association of testosterone and cortisol with everyday pro-environmental behavior. These results further reinforce the importance of considering interdependent hormone systems simultaneously rather than focusing on a single hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Sollberger
- a Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bernauer
- b Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS) and Institute for Science, Technology and Policy (ISTP) , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- a Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Carlson EB, Field NP, Ruzek JI, Bryant RA, Dalenberg CJ, Keane TM, Spain DA. Advantages and psychometric validation of proximal intensive assessments of patient-reported outcomes collected in daily life. Qual Life Res 2015; 25:507-16. [PMID: 26567018 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ambulatory assessment data collection methods are increasingly used to study behavior, experiences, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as emotions, cognitions, and symptoms in clinical samples. Data collected close in time at frequent and fixed intervals can assess PROs that are discrete or changing rapidly and provide information about temporal dynamics or mechanisms of change in clinical samples and individuals, but clinical researchers have not yet routinely and systematically investigated the reliability and validity of such measures or their potential added value over conventional measures. The present study provides a comprehensive, systematic evaluation of the psychometrics of several proximal intensive assessment (PIA) measures in a clinical sample and investigates whether PIA appears to assess meaningful differences in phenomena over time. METHODS Data were collected on a variety of psychopathology constructs on handheld devices every 4 h for 7 days from 62 adults recently exposed to traumatic injury of themselves or a family member. Data were also collected on standard self-report measures of the same constructs at the time of enrollment, 1 week after enrollment, and 2 months after injury. RESULTS For all measure scores, results showed good internal consistency across items and within persons over time, provided evidence of convergent, divergent, and construct validity, and showed significant between- and within-subject variability. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that PIA measures can provide valid measurement of psychopathology in a clinical sample. PIA may be useful to study mechanisms of change in clinical contexts, identify targets for change, and gauge treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve B Carlson
- National Center for PTSD and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Nigel P Field
- Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Josef I Ruzek
- National Center for PTSD and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Terrence M Keane
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,National Center for PTSD and VA Boston Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Spain
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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From Affective Experience to Motivated Action: Tracking Reward-Seeking and Punishment-Avoidant Behaviour in Real-Life. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129722. [PMID: 26087323 PMCID: PMC4472779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the decisions and actions in everyday life result from implicit learning processes. Important to psychopathology are, for example, implicit reward-seeking and punishment-avoidant learning processes. It is known that when specific actions get associated with a rewarding experience, such as positive emotions, that this will increase the likelihood that an organism will engage in similar actions in the future. Similarly, when actions get associated with punishing experiences, such as negative emotions, this may reduce the likelihood that the organism will engage in similar actions in the future. This study examines whether we can observe these implicit processes prospectively in the flow of daily life. If such processes take place then we expect that current behaviour can be predicted by how similar behaviour was experienced (in terms of positive and negative affect) at previous measurement moments. This was examined in a sample of 621 female individuals that had participated in an Experience Sampling data collection. Measures of affect and behaviour were collected at 10 semi-random moments of the day for 5 consecutive days. It was examined whether affective experience that was paired with certain behaviours (physical activity and social context) at previous measurements modified the likelihood to show similar behaviours at next measurement moments. Analyses were performed both at the level of observations (a time scale with units of ± 90 min) and at day level (a time scale with units of 24 h). As expected, we found that affect indeed moderated the extent to which previous behaviour predicted similar behaviour later in time, at both beep- and day-level. This study showed that it is feasible to track reward-seeking and punishment-avoidant behaviour prospectively in humans in the flow of daily life. This opens up a new toolbox to examine processes determining goal-oriented behaviour in relation to psychopathology in humans.
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The inter-relationship between mood, self-esteem and response styles in adolescent offspring of bipolar parents: an experience sampling study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:563-70. [PMID: 25529261 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The response styles theory of depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991) proposes three main strategies individuals employ in response to low mood: rumination, active coping (distraction and problem-solving) and risk taking. Although recent research has suggested this theory has utility in understanding the symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD), the role of these processes in conferring vulnerability to the condition is poorly understood. Twenty-three adolescent children of patients with BD and 25 offspring of well parents completed the Experience Sampling Method (ESM; Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 1987) diary for six days. Longitudinal analyses were carried out to examine inter-relationships between mood, self-esteem and response styles. Increased negative as well as positive mood resulted in greater rumination in both groups. Low self-esteem triggered greater risk-taking at the subsequent time point in the at-risk group, while negative affect instigated increased active coping in the control group. In both groups, engagement in risk-taking improved mood at the subsequent time point, whilst rumination dampened self-esteem. Differential longitudinal associations between mood, self-esteem and response styles between at-risk and control children suggest early psychological vulnerability in the offspring of BD parents, with important indications for early intervention.
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Garland EL, Geschwind N, Peeters F, Wichers M. Mindfulness training promotes upward spirals of positive affect and cognition: multilevel and autoregressive latent trajectory modeling analyses. Front Psychol 2015; 6:15. [PMID: 25698988 PMCID: PMC4313604 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent theory suggests that positive psychological processes integral to health may be energized through the self-reinforcing dynamics of an upward spiral to counter emotion dysregulation. The present study examined positive emotion-cognition interactions among individuals in partial remission from depression who had been randomly assigned to treatment with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT; n = 64) or a waitlist control condition (n = 66). We hypothesized that MBCT stimulates upward spirals by increasing positive affect and positive cognition. Experience sampling assessed changes in affect and cognition during 6 days before and after treatment, which were analyzed with a series of multilevel and autoregressive latent trajectory models. Findings suggest that MBCT was associated with significant increases in trait positive affect and momentary positive cognition, which were preserved through autoregressive and cross-lagged effects driven by global emotional tone. Findings suggest that daily positive affect and cognition are maintained by an upward spiral that might be promoted by mindfulness training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- College Of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA ; Integrative Medicine - Supportive Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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van Os J, Delespaul P, Barge D, Bakker RP. Testing an mHealth momentary assessment Routine Outcome Monitoring application: a focus on restoration of daily life positive mood states. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115254. [PMID: 25513813 PMCID: PMC4267819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) is used as a means to enrich the process of treatment with feedback on patient outcomes, facilitating patient involvement and shared decision making. While traditional ROM measures focus on retrospective accounts of symptoms, novel mHealth technology makes it possible to collect real life, in-the-moment ambulatory data that allow for an ecologically valid assessment of personalized and contextualized emotional and behavioural adjustment in the flow daily life (mROM). METHOD In a sample of 34 patients with major depressive disorder, treated with antidepressants, the combined effect of treatment and natural course was examined over a period of 18 weeks with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). EMA consisted of repeated, within-subject, mini-measurements of experience (eg positive affect, negative affect, medication side effects) and context (eg stressors, situations, activities) at 10 unselected semi-random moments per day, for a period of six days, repeated three times over the 18-week period (baseline, week 6 and week 18). RESULTS EMA measures of emotional and behavioural adjustment were sensitive to the effects of treatment and natural course over the 18-week period, particularly EMA measures focussing on positive mood states and the ability to use natural rewards (impact of positive events on positive mood states), with standardized effect sizes of 0.4-0.5. EMA measures of activities, social interaction, stress-sensitivity and negative mood states were also sensitive to change over time. CONCLUSION This study supports the use of mROM as a means to involve the patient in the process of needs assessment and treatment. EMA data are meaningful to the patient, as they reflect daily life circumstances. Assessment of treatment response with mROM data allows for an interpretation of the effect of treatment at the level of daily life emotional and social adjustment--as an index of health, obviating the need for an exclusive focus on traditional measures of 'sickness'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Barge
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto P. Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Psychiatric Centre GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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Pishva E, Drukker M, Viechtbauer W, Decoster J, Collip D, van Winkel R, Wichers M, Jacobs N, Thiery E, Derom C, Geschwind N, van den Hove D, Lataster T, Myin-Germeys I, van Os J, Rutten BPF, Kenis G. Epigenetic genes and emotional reactivity to daily life events: a multi-step gene-environment interaction study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100935. [PMID: 24967710 PMCID: PMC4072714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent human and animal studies suggest that epigenetic mechanisms mediate the impact of environment on development of mental disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in epigenetic-regulatory genes impact stress-induced emotional changes. A multi-step, multi-sample gene-environment interaction analysis was conducted to test whether 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in epigenetic-regulatory genes, i.e. three DNA methyltransferase genes DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), moderate emotional responses to stressful and pleasant stimuli in daily life as measured by Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM). In the first step, main and interactive effects were tested in a sample of 112 healthy individuals. Significant associations in this discovery sample were then investigated in a population-based sample of 434 individuals for replication. SNPs showing significant effects in both the discovery and replication samples were subsequently tested in three other samples of: (i) 85 unaffected siblings of patients with psychosis, (ii) 110 patients with psychotic disorders, and iii) 126 patients with a history of major depressive disorder. Multilevel linear regression analyses showed no significant association between SNPs and negative affect or positive affect. No SNPs moderated the effect of pleasant stimuli on positive affect. Three SNPs of DNMT3A (rs11683424, rs1465764, rs1465825) and 1 SNP of MTHFR (rs1801131) moderated the effect of stressful events on negative affect. Only rs11683424 of DNMT3A showed consistent directions of effect in the majority of the 5 samples. These data provide the first evidence that emotional responses to daily life stressors may be moderated by genetic variation in the genes involved in the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pishva
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Drukker
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Collip
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Geschwind
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, and Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tineke Lataster
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bart P. F. Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Gunter Kenis
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Moeller J, Lieb R, Meyer AH, Quack Loetscher K, Krastel B, Meinlschmidt G. Nonadherence with ambulatory saliva sampling is associated with biased salivary testosterone estimates. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 44:13-9. [PMID: 24767615 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonadherence with scheduled saliva sampling, as encountered in ambulatory settings, can bias the estimation of salivary cortisol concentrations. This study is the first to estimate if such nonadherence is also associated with biased salivary testosterone concentration estimates. METHODS Using a standard ambulatory saliva-sampling protocol, we instructed pregnant women to collect saliva samples on two consecutive days at awakening, 1100h, 1500h, 2000h, and 2200h. We estimated testosterone concentrations in the saliva samples and participants' actual sampling times with an electronic medication event-monitoring system. We classified a saliva sample as adherent if it was sampled within a specific time window relative to its scheduled sampling time. We used a mixed-model analysis to distinguish between trait (number of adherent saliva samples per participant) and state (adherence status of a specific sample) adherence. RESULTS We included 60 pregnant women in this study. Seventy-five percent (448 of 600) of the scheduled samples indicated adherence with the sampling schedule. Participants' trait adherence was associated with their diurnal profiles of salivary testosterone estimates; that is, adherent participants had higher salivary testosterone estimates compared with nonadherent participants, F(1,58)=5.41, p=0.023, Cohen's d=0.67. The state adherence of a sample was associated with the salivary testosterone estimate of the related sample, F(1,469)=4.48, p=0.035, Cohen's d=0.20, with delayed sampling associated with lower salivary testosterone estimates. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that common ambulatory nonadherence with scheduled saliva sampling is associated with biased salivary testosterone estimates. They will inform further studies estimating salivary testosterone with ambulatory saliva-sampling designs and highlight the relevance of strategies to improve or confirm adherence, beyond routinely used instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Moeller
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland; Diagnostic and Crisis Intervention Centre, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bettina Krastel
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research, Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Golden SH, Sánchez BN, DeSantis AS, Wu M, Castro C, Seeman TE, Tadros S, Shrager S, Diez Roux AV. Salivary cortisol protocol adherence and reliability by socio-demographic features: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 43:30-40. [PMID: 24703168 PMCID: PMC4029420 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Collection of salivary cortisol has become increasingly popular in large population-based studies. However, the impact of protocol compliance on day-to-day reliabilities of measures, and the extent to which reliabilities differ systematically according to socio-demographic characteristics, has not been well characterized in large-scale population-based studies to date. Using data on 935 men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we investigated whether sampling protocol compliance differs systematically according to socio-demographic factors and whether compliance was associated with cortisol estimates, as well as whether associations of cortisol with both compliance and socio-demographic characteristics were robust to adjustments for one another. We further assessed the day-to-day reliability for cortisol features and the extent to which reliabilities vary according to socio-demographic factors and sampling protocol compliance. Overall, we found higher compliance among persons with higher levels of income and education. Lower compliance was significantly associated with a less pronounced cortisol awakening response (CAR) but was not associated with any other cortisol features, and adjustment for compliance did not affect associations of socio-demographic characteristics with cortisol. Reliability was higher for area under the curve (AUC) and wake up values than for other features, but generally did not vary according to socio-demographic characteristics, with few exceptions. Our findings regarding intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) support prior research indicating that multiple day collection is preferable to single day collection, particularly for CAR and slopes, more so than wakeup and AUC. There were few differences in reliability by socio-demographic characteristics. Thus, it is unlikely that group-specific sampling protocols are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherita Hill Golden
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amy S. DeSantis
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Meihua Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Cecilia Castro
- Department of Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 10945
| | - Sameh Tadros
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 10945
| | - Sandi Shrager
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Collip D, Wigman JTW, van Os J, Oorschot M, Jacobs N, Derom C, Thiery E, Peeters F, Wichers M, Myin-Germeys I. Positive emotions from social company in women with persisting subclinical psychosis: lessons from daily life. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:202-10. [PMID: 23735125 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered social reward functioning is associated with psychosis irrespective of stage and severity. Examining the role of social reward functioning prospectively in relation to psychotic experiences before these become persistent and potentially disabling can aid in elucidating social mechanisms that induce shifts toward more severe psychotic states, without the confounding effects of clinical disorder. METHOD In a longitudinal general population sample (N = 566), the experience sampling method (repetitive random sampling of momentary emotions and social context) was used to assess daily life social functioning at baseline. Persistence of subclinical psychotic experiences was based on the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences assessed three times over 14 months. Analyses examined to what degree i) social context and ii) appreciation thereof differentiated between those who did and did not develop persistent psychotic experiences. RESULTS Although individuals with persistent psychotic experiences did not differ in overall level of positive effect, the amount of time spent alone or the level of social satisfaction compared to individuals without persistent psychotic experiences, they were more sensitive to the rewarding effects of social company. CONCLUSION Alterations in social reward experience may form one of the mechanisms that precede the development of the extended psychosis phenotype over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Collip
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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43
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Kramer I, Simons CJP, Wigman JTW, Collip D, Jacobs N, Derom C, Thiery E, van Os J, Myin-Germeys I, Wichers M. Time-lagged moment-to-moment interplay between negative affect and paranoia: new insights in the affective pathway to psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:278-86. [PMID: 23407984 PMCID: PMC3932075 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that affect plays a role in the development of psychosis but the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. This study examines the moment-to-moment dynamics between negative affect (NA) and paranoia prospectively in daily life. A female general population sample (n = 515) participated in an experience sampling study. Time-lagged analyses between increases in momentary NA and subsequent momentary paranoia were examined. The impact of childhood adversity, stress sensitivity (impact of momentary stress on momentary NA), and depressive symptoms on these time-lagged associations, as well as associations with follow-up self-reported psychotic symptoms (Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised) were investigated. Moments of NA increase resulted in a significant increase in paranoia over 180 subsequent minutes. Both stress sensitivity and depressive symptoms impacted on the transfer of NA to paranoia. Stress sensitivity moderated the level of increase in paranoia during the initial NA increase, while depressive symptoms increased persistence of paranoid feelings from moment to moment. Momentary paranoia responses to NA increases were associated with follow-up psychotic symptoms. Examination of microlevel momentary experience may thus yield new insights into the mechanism underlying co-occurrence of altered mood states and psychosis. Knowledge of the underlying mechanism is required in order to determine source and place where remediation should occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kramer
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven and the Kempen, PO Box 909, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands; tel: +31 (0)40 2970170, fax: +31 (0)40 2613830, e-mail:
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van Os J, Lataster T, Delespaul P, Wichers M, Myin-Germeys I. Evidence that a psychopathology interactome has diagnostic value, predicting clinical needs: an experience sampling study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86652. [PMID: 24466189 PMCID: PMC3900579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the purpose of diagnosis, psychopathology can be represented as categories of mental disorder, symptom dimensions or symptom networks. Also, psychopathology can be assessed at different levels of temporal resolution (monthly episodes, daily fluctuating symptoms, momentary fluctuating mental states). We tested the diagnostic value, in terms of prediction of treatment needs, of the combination of symptom networks and momentary assessment level. METHOD Fifty-seven patients with a psychotic disorder participated in an ESM study, capturing psychotic experiences, emotions and circumstances at 10 semi-random moments in the flow of daily life over a period of 6 days. Symptoms were assessed by interview with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); treatment needs were assessed using the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN). RESULTS Psychotic symptoms assessed with the PANSS (Clinical Psychotic Symptoms) were strongly associated with psychotic experiences assessed with ESM (Momentary Psychotic Experiences). However, the degree to which Momentary Psychotic Experiences manifested as Clinical Psychotic Symptoms was determined by level of momentary negative affect (higher levels increasing probability of Momentary Psychotic Experiences manifesting as Clinical Psychotic Symptoms), momentary positive affect (higher levels decreasing probability of Clinical Psychotic Symptoms), greater persistence of Momentary Psychotic Experiences (persistence predicting increased probability of Clinical Psychotic Symptoms) and momentary environmental stress associated with events and activities (higher levels increasing probability of Clinical Psychotic Symptoms). Similarly, the degree to which momentary visual or auditory hallucinations manifested as Clinical Psychotic Symptoms was strongly contingent on the level of accompanying momentary paranoid delusional ideation. Momentary Psychotic Experiences were associated with CAN unmet treatment needs, over and above PANSS measures of psychopathology, similarly moderated by momentary interactions with emotions and context. CONCLUSION The results suggest that psychopathology, represented as an interactome at the momentary level of temporal resolution, is informative in diagnosing clinical needs, over and above traditional symptom measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim van Os
- Dept of Psychiatry and Psychology, Centre of Contextual Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Tineke Lataster
- Dept of Psychiatry and Psychology, Centre of Contextual Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Dept of Psychiatry and Psychology, Centre of Contextual Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Dept of Psychiatry and Psychology, Centre of Contextual Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Dept of Psychiatry and Psychology, Centre of Contextual Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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45
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Moeller J, Lieb R, Meyer AH, Loetscher KQ, Krastel B, Meinlschmidt G. Improving ambulatory saliva-sampling compliance in pregnant women: a randomized controlled study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86204. [PMID: 24465958 PMCID: PMC3899170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Noncompliance with scheduled ambulatory saliva sampling is common and has been associated with biased cortisol estimates in nonpregnant subjects. This study is the first to investigate in pregnant women strategies to improve ambulatory saliva-sampling compliance, and the association between sampling noncompliance and saliva cortisol estimates. Methods We instructed 64 pregnant women to collect eight scheduled saliva samples on two consecutive days each. Objective compliance with scheduled sampling times was assessed with a Medication Event Monitoring System and self-reported compliance with a paper-and-pencil diary. In a randomized controlled study, we estimated whether a disclosure intervention (informing women about objective compliance monitoring) and a reminder intervention (use of acoustical reminders) improved compliance. A mixed model analysis was used to estimate associations between women's objective compliance and their diurnal cortisol profiles, and between deviation from scheduled sampling and the cortisol concentration measured in the related sample. Results Self-reported compliance with a saliva-sampling protocol was 91%, and objective compliance was 70%. The disclosure intervention was associated with improved objective compliance (informed: 81%, noninformed: 60%), F(1,60) = 17.64, p<0.001, but not the reminder intervention (reminders: 68%, without reminders: 72%), F(1,60) = 0.78, p = 0.379. Furthermore, a woman's increased objective compliance was associated with a higher diurnal cortisol profile, F(2,64) = 8.22, p<0.001. Altered cortisol levels were observed in less objective compliant samples, F(1,705) = 7.38, p = 0.007, with delayed sampling associated with lower cortisol levels. Conclusions The results suggest that in pregnant women, objective noncompliance with scheduled ambulatory saliva sampling is common and is associated with biased cortisol estimates. To improve sampling compliance, results suggest informing women about objective compliance monitoring but discourage use of acoustical reminders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Moeller
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
- Diagnostic and Crisis Intervention Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H. Meyer
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bettina Krastel
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR), Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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46
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Kuepper R, Oorschot M, Myin-Germeys I, Smits M, van Os J, Henquet C. Is psychotic disorder associated with increased levels of craving for cannabis? An Experience Sampling study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 128:448-56. [PMID: 23330571 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although cannabis use among individuals with psychotic disorder is considerable, little is known about patterns of use and factors contributing to continuation of use. Therefore, we investigated craving in relation to cannabis use in patients with psychotic disorder and healthy controls. METHOD The study included 58 patients with non-affective psychotic disorder and 63 healthy controls; all were frequent cannabis users. Craving was assessed with the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS) for cannabis, as well as in daily life using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). RESULTS Patients scored higher on the OCDUS (B = 1.18, P = 0.022), but did not differ from controls in ESM indices of craving (all P > 0.05). In daily life, ESM craving predicted cannabis use and this was stronger in controls (χ(2) = 4.5, P = 0.033; Bcontrols = 0.08, P < 0.001; Bpatients = 0.06, P < 0.001). In both groups ESM craving was predicted by negative affect, paranoia, and hallucinations (Bnegativeaffect = 0.12, P = 0.009; Bparanoia = 0.13, P = 0.013; Bhallucinations = 0.13, P = 0.028), and followed by an increase in negative affect at non-cannabis-using moments (B = 0.03, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The temporal dynamics of craving as well as craving intensity in daily life appear to be similar in patients and controls. Further research is needed to elucidate the inconsistencies between cross-sectional and daily-life measures of craving in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuepper
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Duan H, Yuan Y, Zhang L, Qin S, Zhang K, Buchanan TW, Wu J. Chronic stress exposure decreases the cortisol awakening response in healthy young men. Stress 2013; 16:630-7. [PMID: 23992539 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.840579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic examination is a major stressor for students in China. Investigation of stress-sensitive endocrine responses to major examination stress serves as a good model of naturalistic chronic psychological stress in an otherwise healthy population. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is an endocrine marker of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in response to stress. However, it remains unknown how chronic examination stress impacts the CAR in a young healthy population To exclude the influence of sex effects on hormone level, the CAR and psychological stress responses were assessed on two consecutive workdays in 42 male participants during their preparations for the Chinese National Postgraduate Entrance Exam (NPEE) and 21 non-exam, age-matched male comparisons. On each day, four saliva samples were collected immediately after awakening, 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after awakening. The waking level (S1), the increase within 30 minutes after awakening (R30), the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg), and the area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCi) were used to quantify the CAR. Psychological stress and anxiety were assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Male participants in the exam group had greater perceived stress and anxiety scores relatibe to the non-exam group. Both R30 and AUCi in the exam group were significantly lower than the comparison group and this effect was most pronounced for participants with high levels of perceived stress in the exam group. Perceived stress and anxiety levels were negatively correlated with both R30 and AUCi. Chronic examination stress can lead to the decrease of CAR in healthy young men, possibly due to reduced HPA axis activity under long-term sustained stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Duan
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene variants are associated with both cortisol secretion and late-life depression. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e322. [PMID: 24193727 PMCID: PMC3849962 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is assumed to influence the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, which shows hyperactivity in depressed patients. ACE could thus be a promising candidate gene for late-life depression but this has not been examined previously. Depression was assessed in 1005 persons aged at least 65 years, at baseline and over the 10-year follow-up. A clinical level of depression (DEP) was defined as having a score of > or =16 on the Centre for Epidemiology Studies-Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and according to DSM-IV criteria. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ACE gene were genotyped and diurnal cortisol secretion, as an index of HPA axis activity, was measured. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic and vascular factors, cognitive impairment, and apolipoprotein E. Strong significant associations were found between all seven SNPs and DEP and, in particular, first-onset DEP in persons without a past history of depression (P-values ranging from 0.005 to 0.0004). These associations remained significant after correction for multiple testing. The genotypes that were associated with an increased risk of DEP were also significantly associated with an increase in cortisol secretion under stress conditions. Variants of the ACE gene influence cortisol secretion and appear as susceptibility factors for late-life depression in the elderly population. Whether this could represent a common pathophysiological mechanism linking HPA axis and late-life depression remains to be explored.
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Bolten M, Nast I, Skrundz M, Stadler C, Hellhammer DH, Meinlschmidt G. Prenatal programming of emotion regulation: neonatal reactivity as a differential susceptibility factor moderating the outcome of prenatal cortisol levels. J Psychosom Res 2013; 75:351-7. [PMID: 24119942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation during pregnancy is linked to dysfunctional behavioral outcomes in the offspring. According to Belsky's differential susceptibility hypothesis, individuals vary regarding their developmental plasticity. Translating the differential susceptibility hypothesis to the field of fetal programming, we hypothesize that infants' temperament, as the constitutionally based reactivity to stimulation, moderates prenatal environmental effects on postnatal emotion regulation. METHODS Maternal HPA axis activity and stress-reactivity during pregnancy was estimated, by measuring cortisol concentrations in saliva, collected at 0, 30, 45 and 60 min after awakening and in blood, collected during a laboratory stress test (Trier Social Stress Test), respectively. Newborns reactivity to stimulation was evaluated between postnatal day 10 and 14 using the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale. Infant's self-quieting-activities, as an indicator of emotion regulation, were evaluated at the age of six months during the still face paradigm. RESULTS Maternal cortisol reactivity to stress during pregnancy was associated with infant's emotion regulation at the age of six months. Whereas cortisol levels after awakening in mid and late pregnancy were not associated with emotion regulation. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that in interaction with neonatal reactivity, both, prenatal maternal HPA activity as well as prenatal maternal HPA reactivity to stress predicted emotion regulation. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that newborns' reactivity to stimulation is moderating the association between prenatal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids and emotion regulation in infancy. Data suggests that temperamental characteristics of the newborn are a relevant differential susceptibility factor with regard to prenatal effects on emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Bolten
- Psychiatric University Clinics of Basel, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Switzerland; sesam - Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment Mental Health, National Centre of Competence in Research, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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50
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Smyth N, Hucklebridge F, Thorn L, Evans P, Clow A. Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker in Social Science Research. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Smyth
- Department of Psychology; University of Westminster
| | | | - Lisa Thorn
- Department of Psychology; University of Westminster
| | - Phil Evans
- Department of Psychology; University of Westminster
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology; University of Westminster
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