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Hong WM, Xie YW, Zhao MY, Yu TH, Wang LN, Xu WY, Gao S, Cai HB, Guo Y, Zhang F. Vasoprotective Effects of Hyperoside against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats: Activation of Large-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:5545205. [PMID: 37609123 PMCID: PMC10442186 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5545205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoside (Hyp), a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, exerts multiple therapeutic effects on many diseases. However, the role and mechanisms of Hyp in vascular pathophysiology in ischemic stroke need to be further established. The study aimed to investigate the role of (large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+) BK channels on the vasoprotection of Hyp against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. The concentration gradient of Hyp was pretreated in both the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in rats. A series of indicators were detected, including neurological deficit score, infarct volume, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cell viability, membrane potential, and BK channels α- and β1-subunits expression. The results showed that Hyp significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated neurological dysfunction in I/R-injured rats. Besides, the effects of I/R-induced reduction of BK channels α- and β1-subunits expression were significantly reversed by Hyp in endothelial-denudated cerebral basilar arteries. Furthermore, the protective effect against I/R-induced increases of MDA and reduction of SOD as well as CBF induced by Hyp was significantly reversed by iberiotoxin (IbTX). In OGD/R-injured VSMCs, downregulated cellular viability and BK channels β1-subunits expression were remarkably reversed by Hyp. However, neither OGD/R nor Hyp affected BK channels α-subunits expression, and Hyp failed to induced hyperpolarization of VSMCs. Moreover, the protective effect against OGD/R-induced reduction of cell viability and SOD level and increases of MDA production induced by Hyp was significantly reversed by IbTX in VSMCs. The study indicates that Hyp has the therapeutic potential to improve vascular outcomes, and the mechanism is associated with suppressing oxidative stress and improving CBF through upregulating BK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Open Project of Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yue-Wu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tian-Hang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wan-Yan Xu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua-Bao Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Mueed A, Ibrahim M, Shibli S, Madjirebaye P, Deng Z, Jahangir M. The fate of flaxseed-lignans after oral administration: A comprehensive review on its bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and food design strategies for optimal application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4312-4330. [PMID: 36345888 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2140643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are one of the most important and abundant phytochemicals found in flaxseed-diets. These have shown to possess several health-benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and estrogenic-properties etc. The potential of lignans health-promoting effects are circumscribed due to their poor-bioavailability resulting from their bound structure. Recent studies have demonstrated that various food design strategies can enhance the release of bound-lignans from agro-industrial residues, resulting in a higher bioaccessibility and bioavailability. This review focuses primarily on the bioavailability of flaxseed lignans, key factors affecting it and their pharmacokinetics, different strategies to improve the contents of lignans, their release and delivery. Present study will help to deepen our understanding of the applications of lignans and their dietary-supplements in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Several absorption issues of lignans have been observed such as impaired-bioavailability and variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Therefore, the development of novel strategies for optimizing lignan bioavailability is critical to ensure its successful application, such as the delivery of lignans to biological targets via "targeted designs." In addition, some detailed examination is required to identify and understand the basis of variation in lignans bioavailability caused by interactions with the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Forestry, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sahar Shibli
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Madjirebaye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Xia J, Wan Y, Wu JJ, Yang Y, Xu JF, Zhang L, Liu D, Chen L, Tang F, Ao H, Peng C. Therapeutic potential of dietary flavonoid hyperoside against non-communicable diseases: targeting underlying properties of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1340-1370. [PMID: 36073729 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global epidemic with diverse pathogenesis. Among them, oxidative stress and inflammation are the most fundamental co-morbid features. Therefore, multi-targets and multi-pathways therapies with significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are potential effective measures for preventing and treating NCDs. The flavonol glycoside compound hyperoside (Hyp) is widely found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, beverages, and medicinal plants and has various health benefits, especially excellent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in NCDs and the biological activity and therapeutic potential of Hyp. Our findings reveal that the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities regulated by Hyp are associated with numerous biological mechanisms, including positive regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, autophagy, and higher-level biological damage activities. Hyp is thought to be beneficial against organ injuries, cancer, depression, diabetes, and osteoporosis, and is a potent anti-NCDs agent. Additionally, the sources, bioavailability, pharmacy, and safety of Hyp have been established, highlighting the potential to develop Hyp into dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Shang H, Sun Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Yang H, Ci X, Cui T, Xia Y, Gu Y, Liao M, Li Q, Si D, Liu C. Intestinal absorption mechanism of rotundic acid: Involvement of P-gp and OATP2B1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115006. [PMID: 35051604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilicis Rotundae Cortex (IRC), the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae), has been used for the prevention or treatment of colds, tonsillitis, dysentery, and gastrointestinal diseases in folk medicine due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is no report about the intestinal absorption of major compounds that support traditional usage. AIM OF STUDY Considering the potential of rotundic acid (RA) - major biologically active pentacyclic triterpenes found in the IRC, this study was purposed to uncover the oral absorption mechanism of RA using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model, in vitro cell models (Caco-2, MDCKII-WT, MDCKII-MDR1, MDCKII-BCRP, and HEK293-OATP2B1 cells) and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The molecular properties (solubility, lipophilicity, and chemical stability) and the effects of principal parameters (time, compound concentrations, pH, paracellular pathway, and the different intestinal segments) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The susceptibility of RA to various inhibitors, such as P-gp inhibitor verapamil, BCRP inhibitor Ko143, OATP 2B1 inhibitor rifampicin, and absorption enhancer EGTA were assessed. RESULTS RA was a compound with low water solubility (12.89 μg/mL) and strong lipophilicity (LogP = 4.1). RA was considered stable in all media during the SPIP and transport studies. The SPIP and cell experiments showed RA was moderate absorbed in the intestines and exhibited time, concentration, pH, and segment-dependent permeability. In addition, results from the cell model, in situ SPIP model as well as the in vivo pharmacokinetics studies consistently showed that verapamil, rifampicin, and EGTA might have significant effect on the intestinal absorption of RA. CONCLUSION The mechanisms of intestinal absorption of RA might involve multiple transport pathways, including passive diffusion, the participation of efflux (i.e., P-gp) and influx (i.e., OATP2B1) transporters, and paracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Research Center of Bio-Technology, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Huajiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ci
- Research Center of Bio-Technology, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Research Center of Bio-Technology, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Maoliang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Ringpu Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Quansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Duanyun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Biological properties and potential application of hawthorn and its major functional components: A review. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Li CX, Lin ZX, Zhao XH, Zuo WF, Wang N, Zhang ZY, Chen XS. Differential effects of phenolic extracts from red-fleshed apple peels and flesh induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4209-4222. [PMID: 34392532 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Red-fleshedapples are preferredbecause of their high content of phenolics and antioxidants in peel and pulp. Herein, we evaluated the mechanisms of apple peel polyphenolic extracts (APP) and apple flesh polyphenolic extracts (AFP) from the new red-fleshed apple in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The antiproliferative activities were determined by the CCK8 assay. The expression of proteins was determined using Western blot. We found that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in APP was significantly higher than that in AFP, and 14 main phenolic compounds in APP and AFP were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS techniques. Besides, the significant inhibition effects of APP and AFP were achieved through Akt pathway by inducing apoptosis (significantly upregulating reactive oxygen species [ROS] levels, and downregulating expression of pAkt, pBad, Bcl-2, promoting Cytochrome c release, activating Cle-Caspase 9, and inducing expressions of Cle-Caspase 3 and Cle-PARP), and inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (increased expressions of p-p53 and p21 and decreased expressions of PCNA and Cyclin D1). And the inhibition effect of APP was stronger than that of AFP. These results suggest that AFP and APP may be excellent sources of natural chemicals for treating triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The effects of antiproliferation of phenolic extracts from red-fleshed apple peels and flesh on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated. The data may clarify the functional parts of red-fleshed apple and provide some basis for scientific researchers and consumers to recognize and exploit red-fleshed apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Xian Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Hua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zong Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Sen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Park HJ, Kim HN, Kim CY, Seo MD, Baek SH. Synergistic Protection by Isoquercitrin and Quercetin against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Cell Death in HT22 Cells via Activating Nrf2 and HO-1 Signaling Pathway: Neuroprotective Principles and Mechanisms of Dendropanax morbifera Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040554. [PMID: 33918248 PMCID: PMC8066007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendropanax morbifera leaves (DML) have long been used as traditional medicine to treat diverse symptoms in Korea. Ethyl acetate-soluble extracts of DML (DMLE) rescued HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells from glutamate (Glu)-induced oxidative cell death; however, the protective compounds and mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we aimed to identify the neuroprotective ingredients and mechanisms of DMLE in the Glu-HT22 cell model. Five antioxidant compounds were isolated from DMLE and characterized as chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, and rutin by spectroscopic methods. Isoquercitrin and quercetin significantly inhibited Glu-induced oxidative cell death by restoring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial superoxide generation, Ca2+ dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor. These two compounds significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the presence or absence of Glu treatment. Combinatorial treatment of the five compounds based on the equivalent concentrations in DMLE showed that significant protection was found only in the cells cotreated with isoquercitrin and quercetin, both of whom showed prominent synergism, as assessed by drug–drug interaction analysis. These findings suggest that isoquercitrin and quercetin are the active principles representing the protective effects of DMLE, and these effects were mediated by the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-N.K.)
| | - Ha-Neul Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-N.K.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan-si 15588, Korea;
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-N.K.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-D.S.); (S.-H.B.)
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-N.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.-D.S.); (S.-H.B.)
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Ding S, Wang W, Yin X, Wang L, Gong L, Liao F, Liang R. The Joint Effect of a Combination of Components From the Fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Var. major N.E. Br. and the Root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. With Exercises on Swimming in Focal Cerebral Infraction in Rat. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574535. [PMID: 33329023 PMCID: PMC7719700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In our previous study, we found that the combination of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and swimming could prevent atherosclerosis through a synergistic interaction. However, whether the combined application of active components from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Var. major N.E. Br. and the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (CPSM) and swimming has been effective in the prevention and treatment of focal cerebral infraction remained unclear. This work aimed to conduct detailed investigation on the joint effects of CPSM extract with swimming on focal cerebral infraction in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Method: A photochemical method of the combination of Rose Bengal (RB) injection and cold-light source irradiation was performed to establish the rat focal cerebral thrombosis model. The pathological changes of the brain were observed by a DCP-7030 laser multifunction machine, and the protein levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by Western blotting. Blood samples were collected to assay tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Finally, the gene expression of t-PA, PAI-1, and ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was assayed via real-time (RT) quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: The joint effects of CPSM extract and swimming demonstrated significant interactions, which including increased blood perfusion, increased serum t-PA and 6-keto-PGF1α, decreased serum PAI-1 and TXB2, decreased protein levels of vWF, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and decreased ICAM-1 gene expression. Conclusion: This research demonstrated that the combined therapy of CP and SM extracts with swimming could prevent focal cerebral infraction through interactions on the regulation of vascular endothelial functions and inflammatory factors. It stresses the promising effects of the drugs and shear stress of blood flow in prevention and treatment of thrombosis. The mechanism may be related to regulating the protein expression of vWF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, and downregulating the gene expression of ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fulong Liao
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rixin Liang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang H, Horiuchi Y, Hironao KY, Kitakaze T, Yamashita Y, Ashida H. Prevention effect of quercetin and its glycosides on obesity and hyperglycemia through activating AMPKα in high-fat diet-fed ICR mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:74-83. [PMID: 32801472 PMCID: PMC7417802 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and its glycosides possess various health beneficial functions, but comparative study of them on energy metabolism in different tissues are not well studied. In this study, we investigated AMP-activated protein kinase regulated glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle and lipid metabolism in the white adipose tissue and liver to compare the effectiveness of quercetin and its glycosides, namely isoquercitrin, rutin, and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin, in male ICR mice. The mice were fed a standard or high-fat diet supplemented with 0.1% quercetin and its glycosides for 13 weeks. Quercetin glycosides, but not quercetin, decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation in the mesenteric adipose tissue in high-fat groups. All compounds decreased high-fat diet-increased plasma glucose and insulin levels. Moreover, all compounds significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in either standard or high-fat diet-fed mice in all tissues tested. As its downstream events, all compounds induced glucose transporter 4 translocation in the muscle. In the white adipose tissue and liver, all compounds increased lipogenesis while decreased lipolysis. Moreover, all compounds increased browning markers and decreased differentiation markers in adipose tissue. Therefore, quercetin and its glycosides are promising food components for prevention of adiposity and hyperglycemia through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase-driven pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Horiuchi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Yu Hironao
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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10
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Wang D, Zeng J, Xiang W, Yin M, Zhong G, Xia Z. Online coupling of the Ussing chamber, solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for screening and analysis of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460480. [PMID: 31530382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A semi-automated online platform was established successfully for preliminary screening of potential active flavonoids of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in multicomponent system. Online coupling of the in vitro intestinal absorption model, solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was actualized at the first time. The Ussing chamber model was selected to absorb the constituents of TCMs. A mini chromatographic column filled with C18 was used as a SPE column for online enrichment of flavonoids. HPLC was applied to analyze the constituents screened by platform. With the use of rutin as a model flavonoid, the specifications of SPE column, eluting solvent, elution time and flow rate of eluent were systematically investigated to optimize online system. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of rutin was 0.125-368 µg/mL with the correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.9947. The limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.0500 µg/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.125 µg/mL. The intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) and inter-day RSD was 2.5% and 3.8%, respectively. The recoveries of rutin in the intestinal absorption samples ranged from 93.2% to 94.0%. Finally, the online system was applied to screen the potential active flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huangqin, HQ) and Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (Huzhang, HZ). A total of 14 flavonoids of these two TCMs were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and 12 flavonoids of them were screened as the potential active components by online Ussing chamber-SPE-HPLC. In comparison with offline method and gavage in rats, the online system can screen the active constituents from TCMs more accurately and completely. The results demonstrated that the online system was reliable and sufficiently accurate for screening and determination of the potential active flavonoids of TCMs in multicomponent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jinxiang Zeng
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Manni Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guoyue Zhong
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Yin H, Ma J, Han J, Li M, Shang J. Pharmacokinetic comparison of quercetin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide in rats by HPLC-MS. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6665. [PMID: 30941276 PMCID: PMC6440464 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quercetin (Qr), isoquercitrin (IQ), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (QG) are powerful phytochemicals that have been shown to exhibit disease prevention and health promotion properties. However, there may exist transformations between Qr, IQ, and QG in vivo. And the pharmacokinetic profiles of Qr, IQ, and QG have not been systematically compared. The pharmacokinetics study would be helpful to better understand the pharmacological actions of them. Methods Herein, we developed a reliable HPLC-MS method to compare the pharmacokinetics of Qr, IQ, and QG after separate (50 mg/kg) oral administration of them in rats, using puerarin as internal standard. The detection was performed using negative selected ion monitoring. This method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability; and shows reliabilities in monitoring the pharmacokinetic behaviors of these three compounds. Results Our results showed that after separate oral administration of Qr, IQ, and QG, all of the compounds could be detected in plasma. In addition, QG could be detected in the Qr group; Qr and QG could be measured in the IQ group; and Qr could be found in rat plasma after 1.5 h of QG administration. Moreover, the AUC0−t of Qr in the; Qr group (2,590.5 ± 987.9 mg/L*min), IQ group (2,212.7 ± 914.1 mg/L*min), and QG group (3,505.7 ± 1,565.0 mg/L*min) was larger than the AUC0−t of QG in the; Qr group (1,550.0 ± 454.2 mg/L*min), IQ group (669.3 ± 188.3 mg/L*min), and QG group (962.7 ± 602.3 mg/L*min). The AUC0−t of IQ was the lowest among all groups. Discussion Quercetin, IQ, and QG can all be absorbed into plasma. A mutual transformation exists between Qr and QG, and IQ can be metabolized into Qr and QG in SD rats. These results would provide a meaningful basis for understanding the pharmacological actions of these three compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maoru Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Gong L, Hao Y, Yin X, Wang L, Ma X, Cao J, Liang R, Liao F, Zhang J. Joint effect of a combination of components from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifidaBge. Var. majorN.E. Br. and the root of Salvia miltiorrhizaBge. with swimming on atherosclerosis in rats. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37229-37242. [PMID: 35685683 PMCID: PMC9128347 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been recognized that exercise training can attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). The combined application of components from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Var. major N.E. Br. (CP) and the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (SM) has been effective in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. The present work aims to investigate the joint effects of extracts from the fruit of CP and the root of SM with swimming on atherosclerosis in rats. Method: To establish a rat atherosclerosis model, a combined method of partial ligation of the left common carotid artery leading to low shear stress and a high-fat diet was employed. Blood samples were collected to detect the blood lipid profile, which included total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); endothelial cytokines such as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α), endothelin (ET), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF); and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Finally, the common carotid arteries of the rats were removed to observe pathological changes via oil red O staining, and the gene expression of t-PA, PAI-1, and vWF was assayed via real-time (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The joint effects of CPSM extract and swimming indicated significant interactions, including (1) decreased serum T-CHO, TG, and LDL-C; (2) decreased IL-6 and increased IL-10; (3) decreased TXB2, PAI-1 and vWF; three-dimensional analysis showed that gene expression of PAI-1 was inhibited, vWF gene expression was downregulated, and COX-1 gene expression was increased; and (4) decreased lipoprotein retention in the carotid artery wall. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that the combined therapy of CP and SM extracts with swimming can improve blood lipid levels and endothelial functions and attenuate the early signs of atherosclerosis in a rat model of atherosclerosis. The regulation of the gene expression of PAI, vWF and COX-1 may be the underlying cause of the effect. Methodologically speaking, three-dimensional surface plots of the joint effects of CPSM extract and swimming on parameters with quadratic fitting yielded a more accurate equation for describing the dose–response relationship in biomechanopharmacology. Such plots are likely worth using in pharmacology to quantify the effects induced by two medicinal factors. It has been recognized that exercise training can attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis (AS).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gong
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Yangyang Hao
- Department of Chinese Material Medica
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100067
- China
| | - Xiaojie Yin
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Jun Cao
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Rixin Liang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Fulong Liao
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
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Wu T, Grootaert C, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Pitart J, Kamiloglu S, Possemiers S, Heinonen M, Kardum N, Glibetic M, Smagghe G, Raes K, Van Camp J. Aronia ( Aronia melanocarpa ) phenolics bioavailability in a combined in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model is structure and colon region dependent. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Yong Y, Saleem A, Guerrero-Analco JA, Haddad PS, Cuerrier A, Arnason JT, Harris CS, Johns T. Larix laricina bark, a traditional medicine used by the Cree of Eeyou Istchee: Antioxidant constituents and in vitro permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:651-657. [PMID: 27773798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Larix laricina, a native tree of North America, is a highly respected medicinal plant used for generations by Indigenous Peoples across its range, including the Cree of northern Québec who use the bark to treat symptoms of diabetes. This study investigates the antioxidant capacity and bioavailability of active constituents identified in L. laricina bark extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS (1) Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was employed to test antioxidant capacity of organic extracts (80% ethanol) from bark of L. laricina as well as fractions, isolated compounds, and media samples collected during permeability assays. (2) Caco-2 cell monolayer cultures were used to determine the permeability of identified antioxidants, which were quantified in basolateral media samples using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). RESULTS Crude ethanolic extract possessed strong antioxidant potential in vitro (7.1±0.3 Trolox equivalents (TE) μM/mg). Among the 16 L. laricina fractions obtained by chromatographic separation, fraction 10 (F10) showed the highest antioxidant capacity (21.8±1.7µm TE/mg). Among other identified antioxidants, the stilbene rhaponticin (isolated from F10) was the most potent (24.6±1.1µm TE/mg). Caco-2 transport studies revealed that none of the identified compounds were detectable in basolateral samples after 2-h treatment with crude extract. In monolayers treated with F10 (60% rhaponticin), small quantities of rhaponticin were increasingly detected over time in basolateral samples with an apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of 1.86×10-8cm/s (0-60min). To model potential effects on blood redox status, we evaluated the antioxidant capacity of collected basolateral samples and observed enhanced activity over time after exposure to both extract and F10 (75μg/mL) relative to control. CONCLUSIONS By profiling the antioxidant constituents of L. laricina bark, we identified rhaponticin as the most potent oxygen radical scavenger and observed low permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayers but an increase in basolateral antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yong
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Ammar Saleem
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6C5
| | | | - Pierre S Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Postal Station, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Alain Cuerrier
- Jardin botanique de Montréal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - John T Arnason
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6C5
| | - Cory S Harris
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6C5.
| | - Tim Johns
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
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Kuntz S, Asseburg H, Dold S, Römpp A, Fröhling B, Kunz C, Rudloff S. Inhibition of low-grade inflammation by anthocyanins from grape extract in an in vitro epithelial-endothelial co-culture model. Food Funct 2016; 6:1136-49. [PMID: 25690135 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00755g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins (ACNs) are the most prevalent flavonoids in berries and their health promoting effects on vascular functions are still discussed. The aim of the present study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of ACNs on activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after their transport across an epithelial monolayer. STUDY DESIGN We established a transwell epithelial-endothelial co-culture system with Caco-2/HT29-B6 cells mimicking the intestinal layer and HUVECs as endothelial cells mimicking the vascular layer. Caco-2 were seeded alone (100%) or together with HT29-B6 cells (10 and 20%) on transwell inserts in order to simulate different metabolization sides of the gut. ACNs as well as malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G) were applied to the luminal compartment of the transwell-system. Transport and degradation rates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) or by ultra-PLC coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). After 4 hours incubation time, co-cultured HUVECs were used immediately (short-term incubation) or after 20 hours (long-term incubation). Thereafter, HUVECs were stimulated for 3 hours with 1 ng mL(-1) TNF-α to mimic a low-grade or 10 ng mL(-1) to mimic a high-grade inflammation. Afterwards, (1.) leukocyte adhesion, (2.) expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) and (3.) cytokine expression and secretion (IL-6 and IL-8) were determined using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. RESULTS Degradation and incubation studies revealed that ACNs were differently degraded depending on the ACN structure and the seeding densities. Incubation of ACNs and M3G to Caco-2 cells (100%) led to a fast decrease, which was not observed when HT29-B6 cells were co-cultured (10 and 20%). Concomitantly, anti-inflammatory effects were only observed using 100% Caco-2 cells, whereas mixtures of Caco-2 and HT29-B6 cells failed to induce an effect. ACN extract and M3G significantly attenuated TNF-α-stimulated low-grade leukocyte adhesion, expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and cytokine expression and secretion (IL-8 and IL-6) as well as NF-κB mRNA expression. No effects were observed with high TNF-α (10 ng mL(-1)) or after short-term incubation (4 hours). CONCLUSIONS ACNs in physiological concentrations reached the serosal compartment and reduced inflammation-related parameters, which were related to the initial steps during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, Feulgenstrasse 12, University of Giessen, Germany.
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del Mar Contreras M, Borrás-Linares I, Herranz-López M, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A. Further exploring the absorption and enterocyte metabolism of quercetin forms in the Caco-2 model using nano-LC-TOF-MS. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:998-1006. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC); Miguel Hernández University; Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC); Miguel Hernández University; Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
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Duan J, Dang Y, Meng H, Wang H, Ma P, Li G, Wu T, Xie Y. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of three different preparations of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides in beagle dogs after oral administration. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:239-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Zhou W, Shan J, Wang S, Cai B, Di L. Transepithelial transport of phenolic acids in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Funct 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal absorptions of phenolic acids as well as those inFlos Lonicerae Japonicaewere all mainly restricted by TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease
- Institute of Pediatrics
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease
- Institute of Pediatrics
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
| | - Baochang Cai
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM
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Isoquercitrin: Pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:267-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Belkhir M, Rebai O, Dhaouadi K, Sioud B, Amri M, Fattouch S. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tunisian Azarole (Crataegus AzarolusL.) Leaves and Fruit Pulp/Peel Polyphenolic Extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.586080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Differential effects of polyphenols-enriched extracts from hawthorn fruit peels and fleshes on cell cycle and apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Food Chem 2013; 141:1008-18. [PMID: 23790880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the anticancer effects of the peel polyphenolic extract (HPP) and flesh polyphenolic extract (HFP) from hawthorn fruit in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It was found that the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of HPP were significant higher than that of HFP. Both HPP and HFP inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 of 88.6μg/mL and 175.5μg/mL, respectively, suggesting that HPP was more effective against MCF-7 cells than HFP. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that both HPP and HFP mediated the cell-cycle arrest at the S-phase, and also dose-dependently led to apoptosis of MCF-7 cells via the mitochondrial pathway, as evidenced by the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the elevation of intracellular ROS production. All these findings indicate that hawthorn fruit, especially its peel, is an excellent source of natural chemopreventive agents in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Guo JM, Lin P, Duan JA, Shang EX, Qian DW, Tang YP. Application of microdialysis for elucidating the existing form of hyperoside in rat brain: comparison between intragastric and intraperitoneal administration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:664-670. [PMID: 23063958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) is an important anti-depressant herb used in clinic and commonly prescribed for mild depression. Hyperoside is one of the major components of H. perforatum and is also detected in many plant species such as Abelmoschus manihot, Black Currant, Rosa agrestis, Apocynum venetum and Nelumbo nucifera. AIM OF THE STUDY As the hyperoside showed CNS (central nervous system) protective activity (e.g. anti-depressant-like effect), the possibility of hyperoside or its metabolites to reach CNS should be investigated. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics profile of hyperoside or its metabolites in rat brain should be studied for further elucidating the mechanism of hyperoside action on CNS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A simple method for simultaneous determination of unbound hyperoside and its metabolite 3'-O-methyl-hyperoside in rat brain was developed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and microdialysis technique. This method was applied for pharmacokinetics study of hyperoside and 3'-O-methyl-hyperoside in rat brain after intragastric (i.g.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of hyperoside in vivo. RESULTS Results showed that neither hyperoside nor its metabolites were detected in rat brain after i.g. administration but both compounds could be detected after i.p. administration. Considering the activity of hyperoside through both i.g. and i.p. administration, our results imply that the active components of hyperoside in vivo might be different. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify the active components of hyperoside in vivo through these two different routes. Moreover, non-oral administration route (e.g., i.p.) should be further investigated and be explored to obtain higher bioavailability and better activity for hyperoside. Our results also showed that the real existing form of hyperoside in rat brain were hyperoside and its methylated metabolite with maximum concentration to be 63.78 ng/mL and 24.66 ng/mL after 20mg/kg i.p. administration, respectively. Therefore, a more reasonable concentration of hyperoside should be considered in in vitro assay to reflect the real situation of hyperoside concentration in vivo. CONCLUSION Due to the wide use of herbal remedies containing hyperoside, our investigation will contribute to further clarifying the action of this substance. Moreover, this method will be applied for clinical pharmacokinetics study of hyperoside and its metabolite as well as herbs that contain hyperoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-ming Guo
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Xianlin road, Nanjing 210046, China
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Zhou W, Di LQ, Wang J, Shan JJ, Liu SJ, Ju WZ, Cai BC. Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and in vitro Caco-2 cell models. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1069-79. [PMID: 22773077 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the intestinal absorption of the major bioactive component forsythoside A (FTA) extracted from Forsythiae fructus. METHODS An in vitro Caco-2 cell model and a single-pass intestinal perfusion in situ model in SD rats were used. RESULTS In the in vitro Caco-2 cell model, the mean apparent permeability value (P(app)-value) was 4.15×10(-7) cm/s in the apical-to-basolateral (AP-BL) direction. At the concentrations of 2.6-10.4 μg/mL, the efflux ratio of FTA in the bi-directional transport experiments was approximately 1.00. After the transport, >96% of the apically loaded FTA was retained on the apical side, while >97% of the basolaterally loaded FTA was retained on the basolateral side. The P(app)-values of FTA were inversely correlated with the transepithelial electrical resistance. The paracellular permeability enhancers sodium caprate and EDTA, the P-gp inhibitor verapamil and the multidrug resistance related protein (MRP) inhibitors cyclosporine and MK571 could concentration-dependently increase the Papp-values, while the uptake (OATP) transporter inhibitors diclofenac sodium and indomethacin could concentration-dependently decrease the P(app)-values. The intake transporter SGLT1 inhibitor mannitol did not cause significant change in the P(app)-values. In the in situ intestinal perfusion model, both the absorption rate constant (K(a)) and the effective permeability (P(eff)-values) following perfusion of FTA 2.6, 5.2 and 10.4 μg/mL via the duodenum, jejunum and ileum had no significant difference, although the values were slightly higher for the duodenum as compared to those in the jejunum and ileum. The low, medium and high concentrations of verapamil caused the largest increase in the P(eff)-values for duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. Sodium caprate, EDTA and cyclosporine resulted in concentration-dependent increase in the P(eff)-values. Diclofenac sodium and indomethacin caused concentration-dependent decrease in the Peff-values. Mannitol did not cause significant change in the P(app)-values for the duodenum, jejunum or ileum. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the intestinal absorption of FTA may occur through passive diffusion, and the predominant absorption site may be in the upper part of small intestine. Paracellular transport route is also involved. P-gp, MRPs and OATP may participate in the absorption of FTA in the intestine. The low permeability of FTA contributes to its low oral bioavailability.
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Kosińska A, Andlauer W. Cocoa polyphenols are absorbed in Caco-2 cell model of intestinal epithelium. Food Chem 2012; 135:999-1005. [PMID: 22953816 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa is an abundant source of polyphenols, mainly flavan-3-ol monomers and polymers. In the literature, there are contradictory data on the absorption limit of procyanidins in humans. In our study, the Caco-2 cell model of intestinal epithelium was used to determine the absorption and secretion of cocoa flavan-3-ols. Three compounds: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 were detected and quantified at the receiver side of Caco-2 monolayer after 2h transport experiment. The obtained results of apparent permeability coefficient suggest paracellular route of transport of investigated compounds. Additionally, the results suggest that compounds of cocoa powder purified extract are able to affect tight junction functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kosińska
- University of Applied Sciences Valais, Institute of Life Technologies, Route du Rawyl 47, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland.
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Xiang L, Gao Y, Liu D, Yang M. Rapid determination of patulin in medicinal hawthorn fruits by HPLC-MS/MS. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2012. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2011.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of patulin (PAT) in dried medicinal hawthorn fruit, a well-known traditional medicine in China. Liquid-liquid extraction was applied in the sample preparation. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed at m/z 153/109 for PAT and m/z 317/273 for internal standard zearalenone in the negative ion mode with electrospray ionisation source. Good linearity was achieved when spiked PAT concentrations were in the range of 10-500 μg/kg, with coefficient being 0.9993. The limit of quantitation was 10 μg/kg. The extraction recoveries for the spiked PAT at concentrations of 20, 100 and 400 μg/kg were 64.5%, 64.6% and 63.9%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 1.25%, 2.82% and 2.61%. The intra-day and inter-day precision were in the range of 2.2-9.6% and 5.9-6.4%. This rapid, sensitive and reliable method was applied in 25 batches of medicinal hawthorn fruit, in which PAT was detected in 8 batches, including those that were baked or charred.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China P.R
| | - Y. Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China P.R
| | - D. Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China P.R
| | - M. Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China P.R
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Li G, Zeng X, Xie Y, Cai Z, Moore JC, Yuan X, Cheng Z, Ji G. Pharmacokinetic properties of isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin after oral gavage of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in rats using a UPLC–MS method. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guo J, Xue C, Shang EX, Duan JA, Tang Y, Qian D. Identification of hyperoside metabolites in rat using ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1987-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Li HB, Ying XX, Lu J. The mechanism of vitexin-4''-O-glucoside protecting ECV-304 cells against tertbutyl hydroperoxide induced injury. Nat Prod Res 2011; 24:1695-703. [PMID: 20419557 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902853847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the mechanism of vitexin-4''-O-glucoside (VOG) protecting ECV-304 cells against tertbutyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced injury. ECV-304 cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay. Cellular morphological changes were observed using phase contrast microscopy. The change of relative mitochondrial transmembrane potential in the ECV-304 cells was analysed with rhodamine 123 staining. Lipid peroxidation was measured by the HPLC method. The results showed that 128 µmol L(-1) VOG could effectively protect ECV-304 cells against cytotoxicity induced by TBHP. VOG protected TBHP-treated ECV-304 cells from death, significantly decreased MDA production, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). Taken together, VOG protects against TBHP-induced ECV-304 cell injury partially through resuming mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-bo Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang 110032, China.
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Zhou C, Liu Y, Su D, Gao G, Zhou X, Sun L, Ba X, Chen X, Bi K. A Sensitive LC–MS–MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Two Structural Isomers, Hyperoside and Isoquercitrin: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Gao S, Jiang W, Yin T, Hu M. Highly variable contents of phenolics in St. John's Wort products affect their transport in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell model: pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical rationale for product standardization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6650-6659. [PMID: 20450158 PMCID: PMC2919490 DOI: 10.1021/jf904459u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine content uniformity of phenolics in the St. John's wort (SJW) supplements and to demonstrate how variations in the product matrices affect their absorption and efflux. LC and LC-MS/MS methods were used to determine the phenolic contents of 12 different products purchased locally or from the Internet. Three representative extracts were further submitted to Caco-2 cell transport experiment, and transport of rutin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin was evaluated. The results indicated that the 12 different products displayed 12 different HPLC fingerprints, but all products contained the following major compounds: rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, and amentoflavone. The content uniformity of these major compounds was poor across products, with the smallest difference in the amounts of amentoflavone (3.6-fold) and largest difference in that of isoquercitrin (28.8-fold). The Caco-2 experiments indicated transport of rutin in products was vectorial, with the permeabilities varied about 3.6-fold in both directions of transport. The vectorial permeabilities of hyperoside and isoquercitrin were similarly different. Use of efflux transporter inhibitor studies suggested that MRP2 was involved in isoquercitrin's efflux and the product matrix affected the extent of its efflux. In conclusion, different SJW supplements had highly variable contents of phenolics, and the variability in product matrix and phytochemical compositions affected the permeabilities of key phenolics across the Caco-2 monolayers, which may further affect their bioavailabilities. Therefore, standardization will be necessary to ensure safe and efficacious using of supplements such as SJW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Hu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed [Tel: (713) 795-8320; Fax: (713) 795-8305. ]
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Xie Y, Zeng X, Li G, Cai Z, Ding N, Ji G. Assessment of intestinal absorption of total flavones ofHippophae rhamnoides L.in rat using in situ absorption models. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:787-94. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903514820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Guo J, Shang EX, Duan JA, Tang Y, Qian D, Su S. Fast and automated characterization of major constituents in rat biofluid after oral administration of Abelmoschus manihot extract using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and MetaboLynx. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:443-453. [PMID: 20069688 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In drug metabolism research, the setting up of a complex series of mass spectrometry experiments and the subsequent analysis of the large amounts of data produced are often time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOFMS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx) for fast analysis of the metabolic profile of flavonoids in Abelmoschus manihot. Rat plasma and urine samples collected 1 h and 0-12 h after oral administration of Abelmoschus manihot were analyzed by UPLC/QTOFMS within 15 min. The post-acquisition data were processed using MetaboLynx. With key parameters carefully set, MetaboLynx is able to show the presence of a wide range of metabolites with only a limited requirement for manual intervention and data interpretation time. A total of 16 and 38 metabolites were identified in plasma and urine compared with blank samples. The results indicated that methylation and glucuronidation after deglycosylation were the major metabolic pathways of flavonoid glycosides in Abelmoschus manihot. The present study provided important information about the metabolism of flavonoid glycosides in Abelmoschus manihot which will be helpful for fully understanding the mechanism of action of this herb. Furthermore, this work demonstrated the potential of the UPLC/QTOFMS approach using MetaboLynx for fast and automated identification of metabolites from Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
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Abstract
Cocoa, a product consumed since 600 BC, is now a subject of increasing interest because of its antioxidant properties, which are mainly attributed to the content of flavonoids such as ( - )-epicatechin, catechin and procyanidins. Moreover, recent findings suggest a regulatory effect of cocoa on the immune cells implicated in innate and acquired immunity. Cocoa exerts regulatory activity on the secretion of inflammatory mediators from macrophages and other leucocytes in vitro. In addition, emerging data from in vivo studies support an immunomodulating effect. Long-term cocoa intake in rats affects both intestinal and systemic immune function. Studies in this line suggest that high-dose cocoa intake in young rats favours the T helper 1 (Th1) response and increases intestinal gammadelta T lymphocyte count, whereas the antibody-secreting response decreases. The mechanisms involved in this activity are uncertain; nonetheless, because redox-sensitive pathways control immune cell function, the action of cocoa flavonoids on modulating cell signalling and gene expression deserves investigation.
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Wu T, Abdulla R, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Aisa HA. Simultaneous Quantification of Seven Flavonoids in Flos Gossypii by LC. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Yao M, Ritchie HE, Brown-Woodman PD. A reproductive screening test of hawthorn. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:127-132. [PMID: 18485639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY Hawthorn (Crataegus) has a long history as a medicine. The current clinical use of hawthorn as a heart medicine dates back to the late 19th century. It is well tolerated clinically yet contraindicated in pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the safety of hawthorn to the developing fetus, pregnant rats were dosed daily by gavage using 56 times the human dose of hawthorn on either gestation days (GD) 1-8 or GD 8-15. On GD 20, fetuses were weighed and examined for signs of external, internal or skeletal malformations. Rat fetuses were also explanted on GD 10.5 and cultured with hawthorn extract for 26 h. RESULTS Hawthorn did not have an adverse effect on embryonic development in vivo or in vitro. CONCLUSIONS While the results suggest that hawthorn, taken at the recommended dose would have no adverse effects on embryonic development this may be due to the low bioavailability of some hawthorn constituents when taken orally. Pharmacokinetic studies are required to determine the extent of absorption of hawthorn from the small intestine in healthy adults in order to verify its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yao
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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The effect of Crataegus oxycantha Special Extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10:587-93. [PMID: 18490196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine whether hawthorn (Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 {CSE}) inhibits progression in heart failure (HF) patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the HERB CHF study in which patients with mild to moderate HF were randomised to either CSE 900 mg or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was time to progression of HF (HF death, hospitalisation, or sustained increase in diuretics) as assessed by log-rank tests and by Cox modelling. RESULTS Progression of HF occurred in 46.6% of the CSE and 43.3% of the placebo groups (OR 1.14, 95% CI=0.56, 2.35: p=0.86). Patients receiving CSE were 3.9 times (95% CI=1.1-13.7: p=0.035) more likely to experience HF progression at baseline. In adjusted analysis, the risk of having early HF progression in the CSE group increased to 6.4 (95% CI=1.5, 26.5: p=0.011). In patients with LVEF< or =35%, those taking CSE were at significantly greater risk (3.2, 95% CI=1.3, 8.3: p=0.02) than the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS CSE does not reduce heart failure progression in patients who have HF. CSE appears to increase the early risk of HF progression.
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Madgula VLM, Avula B, Choi YW, Pullela SV, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SI. Transport of Schisandra chinensis extract and its biologically-active constituents across Caco-2 cell monolayers - an in-vitro model of intestinal transport. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:363-70. [PMID: 18284817 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.3.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the intestinal transport of Schisandra chinensis extract and its lignans (gomisin A, gomisin N and schisandrin C) in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The transport across monolayers was examined for 2 h in absorptive and secretory directions. Quantitation of lignans was performed by HPLC. Out of the three lignans, gomisin A exhibited bi-directional transport, with P(app) values in the range of 25-29 x 10(-6) cm s(-1), indicating a passive diffusion. Gomisin N, mixture and Schisandra extract displayed a higher transport in the secretory direction with efflux ratios in the range of 2.2-5.2. The efflux was decreased in the presence of inhibitors of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transporter (MK-571) and P-glycoprotein (verapamil) indicating a possible involvement of an efflux pump and MRP in the transport of Schisandra lignans. Poor transport of schisandrin C was observed which could not be quantitated. The permeability of gomisin A in the isolated form was significantly different compared with the mixture or extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi L M Madgula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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Zhou P, Li LP, Luo SQ, Jiang HD, Zeng S. Intestinal absorption of luteolin from peanut hull extract is more efficient than that from individual pure luteolin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:296-300. [PMID: 18052241 DOI: 10.1021/jf072612+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Luteoin is one of the main flavones and the crucial effective component of peanut hull extract (PHE). The present paper aims to elucidate the absorption mechanism of luteolin and clarify whether its absorption occurs primarily at a specific site of the intestine by an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. Moreover, the paper investigates the difference in absorption of luteolin when it is administered in PHE form and as pure luteolin by the SPIP model and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies. Results showed that the effective permeability ( P eff) and absorption rate constant ( k a) of pure luteolin(5.0 microg/mL) in duodenum and jejunum were not significantly different, but markedly higher than that in the colon and ileum. The P eff and k a of luteolin in jejunum were concentration-independent, and the ATP inhibitor (DNP) did not influence P eff and k a of pure luteolin. However, the P eff and k a of luteolin in PHE were significantly greater than that of pure luteolin. The pharmacokinetics study showed that following oral administration of a single dose of pure luteolin (14.3 mg/kg) or PHE (= 14.3 mg/kg of luteolin) in rats, the peak concentration of luteolin in plasma ( C max) and the area under the concentration curve (AUC) for pure luteolin were 1.97 +/- 0.15 microg/mL and 10.7 +/- 2.2 microg/mL.h, respectively. These parameters were significantly lower than those of the PHE group ( P < 0.05), C max = 8.34 +/- 0.98 microg/mL and AUC = 20.3 +/- 1.3 microg/mL.h, respectively. It can be concluded that luteolin is absorbed passively in the intestine of rats and that its absorption is more efficient in the jejunum and duodenum than in the colon and ileum. The bioavailability of luteolin in PHE form is significantly greater than that of pure luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, and Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
SAR
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, and Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
SAR
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, and Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
SAR
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