1
|
Trojan V, Landa L, Šulcová A, Slíva J, Hřib R. The Main Therapeutic Applications of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Its Potential Effects on Aging with Respect to Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1446. [PMID: 37892128 PMCID: PMC10604144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cannabinoids (substances contained specifically in hemp plants) for therapeutic purposes has received increased attention in recent years. Presently, attention is paid to two main cannabinoids: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). With respect to the psychotropic effects and dependence potential of THC (though it is very mild), its use is associated with certain restrictions, and thus the therapeutic properties of CBD are frequently emphasized because there are no limitations associated with the risk of dependence. Therefore, this review covers the main pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features of CBD (including characteristics of endocannabinoidome) with respect to its possible beneficial effects on selected diseases in clinical practice. A substantial part of the text deals with the main effects of CBD on aging, including Alzheimer's disease and related underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Trojan
- International Clinical Research Centre, Cannabis Facility, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leoš Landa
- International Clinical Research Centre, Cannabis Facility, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Šulcová
- International Clinical Research Centre, Cannabis Facility, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Slíva
- Department of Pharmacology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Hřib
- International Clinical Research Centre, Cannabis Facility, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Centre for Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
On the Biomedical Properties of Endocannabinoid Degradation and Reuptake Inhibitors: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2072-2097. [PMID: 34741755 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of endogenous cannabinoids; components involved in their synthesis, transport, and degradation; and an expansive variety of cannabinoid receptors. Hypofunction or deregulation of the ECS is related to pathological conditions. Consequently, endogenous enhancement of endocannabinoid levels and/or regulation of their metabolism represent promising therapeutic approaches. Several major strategies have been suggested for the modulation of the ECS: (1) blocking endocannabinoids degradation, (2) inhibition of endocannabinoid cellular uptake, and (3) pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we focused in this review on degradation/reuptake inhibitors over cannabinoid receptor modulators in order to provide an updated synopsis of contemporary evidence advancing mechanisms of endocannabinoids as pharmacological tools with therapeutic properties for the treatment of several disorders. For this purpose, we revisited the available literature and reported the latest advances regarding the biomedical properties of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also highlighted anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol reuptake inhibitors with promising results in pre-clinical studies using in vitro and animal models as an outlook for future research in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
3
|
Warren WG, Papagianni EP, Stevenson CW, Stubbendorff C. In it together? The case for endocannabinoid-noradrenergic interactions in fear extinction. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:952-970. [PMID: 33759226 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and trauma-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are debilitating mental illnesses with great personal and socioeconomic costs. Examining memory formation and relevant behavioural responding associated with aversive stimuli may improve our understanding of the neurobiology underlying fear memory processing and PTSD treatment. The neurocircuitry underpinning learned fear and its inhibition through extinction is complex, involving synergistic interactions between different neurotransmitter systems in inter-connected brain areas. Endocannabinoid and noradrenergic transmission have both been implicated separately in fear memory processing and PTSD, but potential interactions between these systems in relation to fear extinction have received little attention to date. Their receptors are expressed together in brain areas crucial for fear extinction, which is enhanced by both cannabinoid and noradrenergic receptor activation in these areas. Moreover, cannabinoid signalling modulates the activity of locus coeruleus noradrenaline (NA) neurons and the release of NA in the medial prefrontal cortex, a brain area that is crucial for fear extinction. Interestingly, endocannabinoid-noradrenergic system interactions have been shown to regulate the encoding and retrieval of fear memory. Thus, noradrenergic regulation of fear extinction may also be driven indirectly in part via cannabinoid receptor signalling. In this perspective paper, we collate the available relevant literature and propose a synergistic role for the endocannabinoid and noradrenergic systems in regulating fear extinction, the study of which may further our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of PTSD and its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Carl W Stevenson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Christine Stubbendorff
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.,Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Espejo-Porras F, Fernández-Ruiz J, Pertwee RG, Mechoulam R, García C. Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors. Neuropharmacology 2013; 75:155-63. [PMID: 23924692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The broad presence of CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia, mainly in GABA- or glutamate-containing neurons, as well as the presence of TRPV1 receptors in dopaminergic neurons and the identification of CB2 receptors in some neuronal subpopulations within the basal ganglia, explain the powerful motor effects exerted by those cannabinoids that can activate/block these receptors. By contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with a broad therapeutic profile, is generally presented as an example of a cannabinoid compound with no motor effects due to its poor affinity for the CB1 and the CB2 receptor, despite its activity at the TRPV1 receptor. However, recent evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor to produce some of its beneficial effects. This may enable CBD to directly influence motor activity through the well-demonstrated role of serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. We have investigated this issue in rats using three different pharmacological and neurochemical approaches. First, we compared the motor effects of various i.p. doses of CBD with the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; i.p.). Second, we investigated whether the motor effects of CBD are sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor blockade in comparison with CB1 receptor antagonism. Finally, we investigated whether CBD was able to potentiate the effect of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT. Our results demonstrated that: (i) only high doses of CBD (>10 mg/kg) altered motor behavior measured in a computer-aided actimeter; (ii) these alterations were restricted to vertical activity (rearing) with only modest changes in other parameters; (iii) similar effects were produced by 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg), although this agonist affected exclusively vertical activity, with no effects on other motor parameters, and it showed always more potency than CBD; (iv) the effects of 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100,635 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.); (v) the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were not reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (0.1 mg/kg; i.p.); (vi) the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on vertical activity was associated with an increase in serotonin content in the basal ganglia, a neurochemical change not produced by CBD (20 mg/kg); and (vii) CBD at a dose of 20 mg/kg was able to enhance motor effects of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), producing the expected changes in serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. Collectively, these results suggest that CBD may influence motor activity, in particular vertical activity, and that this effect seems to be dependent on its ability to target the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism of action that has been proposed to account for its anti-emetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Espejo-Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Spain.
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Concepción García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Birthi P, Walters C, Karandikar N. A Rare Case of Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathisia Induced by Citalopram. PM R 2010; 2:973-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Yang YY, Liu H, Nam SW, Kunos G, Lee SS. Mechanisms of TNFalpha-induced cardiac dysfunction in cholestatic bile duct-ligated mice: interaction between TNFalpha and endocannabinoids. J Hepatol 2010; 53:298-306. [PMID: 20626112 PMCID: PMC2958049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic liver disease is associated with endotoxemia, oxidative stress, increased endocannabinoids and decreased cardiac responsiveness. Endocannabinoids activate the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) pathway. However, how they interact with each other remains obscure. We therefore aimed to clarify the relationship between the TNFalpha-NFkappaB pathway and endocannabinoids in the pathogenesis of cardiodepression of cholestatic bile duct ligated (BDL) mice. METHODS BDL mice with TNFalpha knockout (TNFalpha-/-) and infusion of anti-TNFalpha antibody were used. Cardiac mRNA and protein expression of NFkappaBp65, c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), extracelullar-signal- regulated kinase (ERK), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Copper/Zinc and Magnesium-superoxide dismutase (Cu/ Zn- and Mn-SOD), cardiac anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), nitric oxide (NOx) and glutathione, and plasma TNFalpha were measured. The effects of TNFalpha, cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonist AM251 and the endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor UCM707, on the contractility of isolated cardiomyocytes, were assessed. RESULTS In BDL mice, cardiac mRNA and protein expression of NFkappaBp65, p38MAPK, iNOS, NOx, anandamide, and plasma TNFa were increased, whereas glutathione, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD were decreased. Cardiac contractility was blunted in BDL mice. Anti-TNFa treatment in BDL mice decreased cardiac anandamide and NOx, reduced expression of NFkappaBp65, p38MAPK, and iNOS, enhanced expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, increased reductive glutathione and restored cardiomyocyte contractility. TNFa-depressed contractility was worsened by UCM707, whereas AM251 improved contractility. CONCLUSIONS Increased TNFalpha, acting via NFkappaB-iNOS and p38MAPK signaling pathways, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiodepression in BDL mice. TNFalpha also suppressed contractility by increasing oxidative stress and endocannabinoid activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Yang
- Liver Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Soon Woo Nam
- Liver Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel S. Lee
- Liver Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Corresponding author. Address: Health Science Centre, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1. Fax: +1 403 270 0995. (S.S. Lee)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antonelli T, Tomasini MC, Mazza R, Fuxe K, Gaetani S, Cuomo V, Tanganelli S, Ferraro L. Cannabinoid CB1 and Cholecystokinin CCK2 Receptors Modulate, in an Opposing Way, Electrically Evoked [3H]GABA Efflux from Rat Cerebral Cortex Cell Cultures: Possible Relevance for Cortical GABA Transmission and Anxiety. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:708-17. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.150649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
8
|
Micale V, Mazzola C, Drago F. Endocannabinoids and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2007; 56:382-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|