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Cardoso Santos G, Alves de Jesus A, Passaglia P, Novaes Morgan HJ, Carvalho Navegantes LC, Leico Kagohara Elias L, Cárnio EC. Central angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates hypoglycemia in sepsis-like conditions via reducing systemic and hepatic inflammation. Cytokine 2024; 179:156637. [PMID: 38723454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is understood as the result of initiating systemic inflammation derived from an inadequate host response against pathogens. In its acute phase, sepsis is marked by an exacerbated reaction to infection, tissue damage, organ failure, and metabolic dysfunction. Among these, hypoglycemia, characterized by disorders of the gluconeogenesis pathway, is related to one of the leading causes of mortality in septic patients. Recent research has investigated the involvement of sympathetic efferent neuroimmune pathways during systemic inflammation. These pathways can be stimulated by several centrally administered drugs, including Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of central treatment with Ang-(1-7) on hypoglycemia during endotoxemia. For this, male Wistar Hannover rats underwent stereotaxic surgery for intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of Ang-(1-7) and cannulation of the jugular vein for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Our results demonstrate that LPS was capable of inducing hypoglycemia and that prior central treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuated this effect. Our data also show that Ang-(1-7) reduced plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide, in addition to the decrease and increase of hepatic IL-6 and IL-10 respectively, in animals subjected to systemic inflammation by LPS, resulting in the reduction of systemic and hepatic inflammation, thus attenuating the deleterious effects of LPS on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein content. In summary, the data suggest that central treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuates hypoglycemia induced by endotoxemia, probably through anti-inflammatory action, leading to reestablishing hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cardoso Santos
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Alves de Jesus
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Passaglia
- Department of Oral and Basic Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique J Novaes Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelin Capellari Cárnio
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing,University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Xiang J, Wang K, Tang N. PCK1 dysregulation in cancer: Metabolic reprogramming, oncogenic activation, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2022; 10:101-112. [PMID: 37013052 PMCID: PMC10066343 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed an advancement in our understanding of multiple cancer cell pathways related to metabolic reprogramming. One of the most important cancer hallmarks, including aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), the central carbon pathway, and multiple-branch metabolic pathway remodeling, enables tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a key rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate. PCK1 expression in gluconeogenic tissues is tightly regulated during fasting. In tumor cells, PCK1 is regulated in a cell-autonomous manner rather than by hormones or nutrients in the extracellular environment. Interestingly, PCK1 has an anti-oncogenic role in gluconeogenic organs (the liver and kidneys), but a tumor-promoting role in cancers arising from non-gluconeogenic organs. Recent studies have revealed that PCK1 has metabolic and non-metabolic roles in multiple signaling networks linking metabolic and oncogenic pathways. Aberrant PCK1 expression results in the activation of oncogenic pathways, accompanied by metabolic reprogramming, to maintain tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying PCK1 expression and regulation, and clarify the crosstalk between aberrant PCK1 expression, metabolic rewiring, and signaling pathway activation. In addition, we highlight the clinical relevance of PCK1 and its value as a putative cancer therapeutic target.
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Adapted Murine Sepsis Score: Improving the Research in Experimental Sepsis Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5700853. [PMID: 35127944 PMCID: PMC8814713 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5700853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Murine Sepsis Score (MSS) is used to assess the severity of sepsis in rats and mice based on observational characteristics. The quantitative variables of glycemia, body weight, and temperature are predictors of severity in experimental models of sepsis. Therefore, our study sought to adapt the MSS with the same variables to indicate earlier the severity of the disease in murine models of the disease. Sepsis mice presented hypoglycemia, weight loss, and hypothermia. Therefore, these variables were included in the Adapted Murine Sepsis Score (A-MSS). The A-MASS presented 100% specificity and 87.5% sensibility been able to differentiate the early sepsis symptoms and its severity. The A-MSS allows an early and more complete diagnosis of sepsis in mice and might be considered as a procedure to improve the analysis of systemic sepsis dysfunction in murine experimental models.
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de Souza Galia WB, Biazi GR, Frasson-Uemura IG, Miksza DR, Zaia CTBV, Zaia DAM, de Souza HM, Bertolini GL. Gluconeogenesis is reduced from alanine, lactate and pyruvate, but maintained from glycerol, in liver perfusion of rats with early and late sepsis. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:754-762. [PMID: 33913177 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis induces several metabolic abnormalities, including hypoglycaemia in the most advanced stage of the disease, a risk factor for complications and death. Although hypoglycaemia can be caused by inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreased and increased gluconeogenesis were reported in sepsis. Furthermore, gluconeogenesis from glycerol was not yet evaluated in this disease. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the gluconeogenesis from alanine, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol in rats with early (8 hours) and late (18 hours) sepsis. Parameters related to the characterization of sepsis were also evaluated. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture and gluconeogenesis was assessed in liver perfusion. Rats with early and late sepsis showed increased lactataemia, depletion of liver glycogen and peripheral insulin resistance, characterizing the establishment of sepsis. Rats with early and late sepsis showed decreased gluconeogenesis from alanine, lactate and pyruvate. Interestingly, gluconeogenesis from glycerol, a precursor that enters in the pathway at a later step, subsequent to the entry of alanine, lactate and pyruvate, was maintained in rats with early and late sepsis. In conclusion, gluconeogenesis is decreased from alanine, lactate and pyruvate, but maintained from glycerol, in liver perfusion of rats with early and late sepsis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The maintenance of gluconeogenesis from glycerol, but not from alanine, lactate and pyruvate, together with the liver glycogen depletion, points the glycerol as an important precursor for the maintenance of glycaemic homeostasis in sepsis. The findings open the possibility of further investigation on the administration of glycerol in the treatment of hypoglycaemia associated with more advanced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliana Regina Biazi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Romani Miksza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Li Y, Zhou J, Qiu J, Huang Z, Wang W, Wu P, Feng A. Berberine reduces gut-vascular barrier permeability via modulation of ApoM/S1P pathway in a model of polymicrobial sepsis. Life Sci 2020; 261:118460. [PMID: 32961234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The hyperpermeability of gut-vascular barrier (GVB) plays a role in gut-derived sepsis. The goal of this study was to evaluate if berberine might improve hepatic apolipoprotein M (ApoM) generation and raise plasma ApoM level to protect the compromised GVB. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compromised GVB was induced by sepsis. Hepatic ApoM mRNA and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA and plasma ApoM level were assayed by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The permeability of intestinal capillary in vivo and of rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) in vitro was assayed by FITC-dextran. The blood glucose was detected by a glucometer. Plasma insulin, TNF-α and IL-1β were assayed by ELISA. The plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV1), β-catenin and occludin in RIMECs were assayed by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Sepsis decreased hepatic ApoM mRNA and plasma ApoM level, but raised hepatic PEPCK mRNA and plasma glucose, insulin, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. The increased vascular endothelial permeability was abrogated by recombinant rat ApoM in vivo or ApoM-bound S1P in vitro. ApoM-bound S1P decreased PV1 but increased occludin and β-catenin expression in LPS-treated RIMECs. Berberine in a dose-dependent manner raised hepatic ApoM mRNA and plasma ApoM level, but decreased septic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and plasma TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Berberine reduced sepsis-induced PEPCK and TLR4 mRNA overexpression in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated berberine inhibited TLR4-mediated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and proinflammatory molecule production, thereby increasing ApoM gene expression and plasma ApoM. Berberine protected the damaged GVB via modulation of ApoM/S1P pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiasheng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zudong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Aiwen Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Province, China.
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Seenappa V, Joshi MB, Satyamoorthy K. Intricate Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) Isoforms in Normal Physiology and Disease. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:247-272. [PMID: 30947672 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190404155801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) isoforms are considered as rate-limiting enzymes for gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis pathways. PEPCK exhibits several interesting features such as a) organelle-specific isoforms (cytosolic and a mitochondrial) in vertebrate clade, b) tissue-specific expression of isoforms and c) organism-specific requirement of ATP or GTP as a cofactor. In higher organisms, PEPCK isoforms are intricately regulated and activated through several physiological and pathological stimuli such as corticoids, hormones, nutrient starvation and hypoxia. Isoform-specific transcriptional/translational regulation and their interplay in maintaining glucose homeostasis remain to be fully understood. Mounting evidence indicates the significant involvement of PEPCK isoforms in physiological processes (development and longevity) and in the progression of a variety of diseases (metabolic disorders, cancer, Smith-Magenis syndrome). OBJECTIVE The present systematic review aimed to assimilate existing knowledge of transcriptional and translational regulation of PEPCK isoforms derived from cell, animal and clinical models. CONCLUSION Based on current knowledge and extensive bioinformatics analysis, in this review we have provided a comparative (epi)genetic understanding of PCK1 and PCK2 genes encompassing regulatory elements, disease-associated polymorphisms, copy number variations, regulatory miRNAs and CpG densities. We have also discussed various exogenous and endogenous modulators of PEPCK isoforms and their signaling mechanisms. A comprehensive review of existing knowledge of PEPCK regulation and function may enable identification of the underlying gaps to design new pharmacological strategies and interventions for the diseases associated with gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Seenappa
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576104, India
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Gomez DE, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Lofstedt J, Arroyo LG, Nino-Fong R, McClure JT. Detection of endotoxin in plasma of hospitalized diarrheic calves. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:166-172. [PMID: 30810269 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is present in plasma of calves with naturally occurring diarrhea. The second objective was to determine whether plasma [LPS] correlates with clinical, hematological, biochemical, and acid-base variables, and whether [LPS] differs between surviving and nonsurviving diarrheic calves. DESIGN Prospective observational study (January 2012-May 2014). SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Thirty-four calves <28 days old admitted for diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea and 30 healthy control calves. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Admission demographics, physical examination, blood gas, biochemistry analysis, and outcome data were recorded. Plasma concentration of LPS was determined using a bovine LPS ELISA assay. Plasma [LPS] was detected in both healthy and diarrheic calves. Plasma [LPS] was significantly higher in diarrheic than healthy calves (median: 0.99 ng/mL; Interquartile range (IQR): 0.068, vs 0.88 ng/mL; 0.065 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). Plasma [LPS] was higher in nonsurviving (1.04 ng/mL; 0.07 ng/mL) than in surviving calves (0.98 ng/mL; 0.022 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Plasma [LPS] was higher in beef (1.07 ng/mL; 0.182 ng/mL) than in dairy diarrheic calves (0.99 ng/mL; 0.022 ng/mL; P < 0.001). In diarrheic calves, plasma [LPS] correlated with [l-lactate] (r2 = 0.496; P = 0.002); hypoglycemia (r2 = -0.453; P = 0.007); increased unmeasured strong ions (r2 = 0.332; P = 0.050), [Mg2+ ] (r2 = 0.475; P = 0.004), and [phosphate] (r2 = 0.468; P = 0.005), and increased aspartate aminotransferase activity (r2 = 0.348; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a potential role of LPS in the pathogenesis of metabolic derangements such as hyperlactatemia, hypoglycemia, and increased concentration of unmeasured strong anions in diarrheic calves. Further investigation evaluating the effect of LPS on l-lactate and glucose metabolism in diarrheic calves is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Gomez
- Department of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Juan C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jeanne Lofstedt
- Department of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Luis G Arroyo
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rodolfo Nino-Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Löest CA, Gilliam GG, Waggoner JW, Turner JL. Post-ruminal branched-chain amino acid supplementation and intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion alter blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen balance of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2886-2906. [PMID: 29718430 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Steers exposed to an endotoxin may require additional branched-chain AA (BCAA) to support an increase in synthesis of immune proteins. This study evaluated effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and BCAA supplementation on blood metabolites and N balance of 20 ruminally-cannulated steers (177 ± 4.2 kg BW). The experiment was a randomized block design, with 14-d adaptation to metabolism stalls and diet (DM fed = 1.5% BW) and 6-d collection. Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial of LPS (0 vs. 1.0 to 1.5 μg/kg BW; -LPS vs. +LPS) and BCAA (0 vs. 35 g/d; -BCAA vs. +BCAA). The LPS in 100 mL sterile saline was infused (1 mL/min via i.v. catheter) on day 15. The BCAA in an essential AA solution were abomasally infused (900 mL/d) three times daily in equal portions beginning on day 7. Blood, rumen fluid, and rectal temperature were collected on day 15 at h 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 after LPS infusion. Feces and urine were collected from day 16 to 20. Rectal temperatures were greater for +LPS vs. -LPS steers at 4 h and lower at 8 h after LPS infusion (LPS × h, P < 0.01). Serum cortisol and plasma urea N were greater for +LPS than -LPS steers at 2 (cortisol only), 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after LPS infusion (LPS × h, P < 0.01). Serum cortisol was greater for +BCAA than -BCAA steers at 12 h after LPS infusion (BCAA × h, P < 0.05). Serum glucose was greater for +LPS than -LPS steers at 2 h after LPS infusion (LPS × h, P < 0.01). Plasma Ile, Leu, and Val were lower, and plasma His was greater in +LPS than -LPS steers (LPS, P < 0.05). Plasma Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp of +LPS steers were lower than -LPS steers at 4 (Thr only), 8 (Lys and Trp only), 12, and 24 h after infusion (LPS × h, P < 0.05). Plasma Ile, Leu, and Val were greater (BCAA, P < 0.01), and Met, His, Phe, Thr, and Trp were lower for +BCAA than -BCAA steers at 0 and 24 h after LPS infusion (BCAA × h, P ≤ 0.05). Steers receiving +LPS had lower rumen pH at 8 h, greater total VFA at 8 h, and lower rumen NH3 at 24 h after LPS infusion compared with -LPS steers (LPS × h, P ≤ 0.04). Total tract passage rates, DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and N intake, fecal N, digested N, and retained N were lower (P < 0.05) for +LPS than -LPS steers. Total N supply (dietary plus infused) and fecal N were greater (P < 0.05) for +BCAA vs. -BCAA steers. The absence of LPS × BCAA interactions (P ≥ 0.20) for N balance indicated that post-ruminal supplementation of BCAA did not alleviate the negative effects of endotoxin on N utilization by growing steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint A Löest
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Garrett G Gilliam
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Justin W Waggoner
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Garden City, KS
| | - Jason L Turner
- Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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Meidan E, Kolesnikov Y, Tirosh O. High Fat Diets Composed of Palm Stearin and Olive Oil Equally Exacerbate Liver Inflammatory Damage and Metabolic Stress in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700915. [PMID: 29733507 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE People with fatty liver could be subject to acute infections such as sepsis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of high fat diets (HFD) of olive oil and palm stearin on liver inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J male mice were treated with high fat diets with different sources of oils: palm stearin and olive oil for 8 weeks followed by LPS injection. The proinflammatory effect of olive oil was also studied using gavage treatment and IP injection of LPS. Animals fed with HFDs showed an increase in body weight, elevated blood glucose levels, and fatty liver phenotype. HFDs aggravated the effect of LPS treatment to induce inflammatory response compared to low fat diet (LFD) effect. Following HFD supplementation, LPS induced hyperinsulinemia, more liver damage than in animals that consumed LFD. In addition, both gavage and long-term feeding with high lipids in the presence of LPS resulted in inhibition of gluconeogenic genes expression. CONCLUSION HFDs of both monounsaturated and saturated fat potentiated liver inflammation induced by LPS treatment indicate that the total amount of fat consumed is the main proinflammatory factor rather than the type of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Meidan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yula Kolesnikov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Xu J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Yang H, Sun B, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang S, Liu X, Liu L. Contribution of Hepatic Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase Induction to Impairment of Glucose Metabolism by High-Fat-Diet Feeding in C57BL/6J Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:539-548. [PMID: 29753302 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with overexpression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1). We aimed to investigate the roles of hepatic RALDH1 induction in glucose metabolism impairment using mice fed with high-fat-diet (HFD). Mice were fed with HFD for 8 weeks and treated with RALDH inhibitor citral for another 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) and insulin tolerance test were performed. Expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), glucokinase (GCK) and RALDH1 were measured. Therapeutic effects of citral were also documented in diabetic rats. Effects of retinaldehyde on PCK1 and GCK expressions were examined in rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. The results showed that HFD mice were characterized by hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, accompanied by significantly increased RALDH1 activity and expression. Citral (10 and 50 mg/kg) ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the improved fasting glucose, insulin levels and lipid profiles. OGTT and PTT demonstrated that citral reversed HFD-induced glucose disposal impairment and glucose production enhancement. Citral also reversed the increased PCK1 expression and decreased GCK expression by HFD. Citral therapeutic effects were reconfirmed in diabetic rats. In vitro data indicated that retinaldehyde had the strongest PCK1 induction in primary hepatocytes of diabetic rats compared with HFD rats and control rats, in line with the increased RALDH1 expression. Citral reversed the retinaldehyde-induced PCK1 expression in primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, RALDH1 induction impaired glucose metabolism partly via modulating PCK1 and GCK expressions. Citral improved glucose metabolism through inhibiting RALDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqian Zhou
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Metabolic and stress responses in dairy cows fed a concentrate-rich diet and submitted to intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge. Animal 2018; 12:741-749. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Freire Jorge P, Wieringa N, de Felice E, van der Horst ICC, Oude Lansink A, Nijsten MW. The association of early combined lactate and glucose levels with subsequent renal and liver dysfunction and hospital mortality in critically ill patients. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:218. [PMID: 28826408 PMCID: PMC5563890 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of renal and liver dysfunction may be accompanied by initially subtle derangements in the gluconeogenetic function. Discrepantly low glucose levels combined with high lactate levels might indicate an impaired Cori cycle. Our objective was to examine the relation between early lactate and glucose levels with subsequent renal and liver dysfunction and hospital mortality in critically ill patients. METHODS Over a 4-year period (2011 to 2014), all adult patients admitted to our adult 48-bed teaching hospital intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 12 h were retrospectively analyzed. Lactate and glucose were regularly measured with point-of-care analyzers in all ICU patients. Lactate and glucose measurements were collected from 6 h before to 24 h after ICU admission. Patients with fewer than four lactate/glucose measurements were excluded. Patients received insulin according to a computer-guided control algorithm that aimed at a glucose level <8.0 mmol/L. Renal dysfunction was defined as the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) within 7 days, and liver function was based on the maximal bilirubin in the 7-day period following ICU admission. Mean lactate and mean glucose were classified into quintiles and univariate and multivariate analyses were related with renal and liver dysfunction and hospital mortality. Since glucose has a known U-shaped relation with outcome, we also accounted for this. RESULTS We analyzed 92,000 blood samples from 9074 patients (63% males) with a median age of 64 years and a hospital mortality of 11%. Both lactate quintiles (≤1.0; 1.0-1.3; 1.3-1.7; 1.7-2.3; >2.3 mmol/L) and glucose quintiles (≤7.0; 7.0-7.6; 7.6-8.2; 8.2-9.0; >9.0 mmol/L) were related with outcome in univariate analysis (p < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV, lactate, and glucose were associated with renal and liver dysfunction in multivariate analysis (p < 0.001), with a U-shaped relationship for glucose. The combination of the highest lactate quintile with the lowest glucose quintile was associated with the highest rates of renal dysfunction, liver dysfunction, and mortality (p < 0.001) with a significant interaction between lactate and glucose (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal combined lactate and glucose measurements may provide an early indication of organ dysfunction. In critically ill patients a 'normal' glucose with an elevated lactate should not be considered desirable, as this combination is related with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Freire Jorge
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Wieringa
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva de Felice
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan C C van der Horst
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Oude Lansink
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W Nijsten
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Jiang Y, Zeng Y, Huang X, Qin Y, Luo W, Xiang S, Sooranna SR, Pinhu L. Nur77 attenuates endothelin-1 expression via downregulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK in A549 cells and in an ARDS rat model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1023-L1035. [PMID: 27765761 PMCID: PMC5206403 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by inflammatory injury to the alveolar and capillary barriers that results in impaired gas exchange and severe acute respiratory failure. Nuclear orphan receptor Nur77 has emerged as a regulator of gene expression in inflammation, and its role in the pathogenesis of ARDS is not clear. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential role of Nur77 and its underlying mechanism in the regulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced A549 cells and an ARDS rat model. We demonstrate that LPS induced Nur77 expression and nuclear export in A549 cells. Overexpression of Nur77 markedly decreased basal and LPS-induced ET-1 expression in A549 cells, whereas knockdown of Nur77 increased the ET-1 expression. LPS-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK were blocked by Nur77 overexpression and augmented by Nur77 knockdown in A549 cells. In vivo, LPS induced Nur77 expression in lung in ARDS rats. Pharmacological activation of Nur77 by cytosporone B (CsnB) inhibited ET-1 expression in ARDS rats, decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK, and relieved lung, liver, and kidney injury. Pharmacological deactivation of Nur77 by 1,1-bis-(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhOH, C-DIM8) had no effect on ET-1 expression and lung injury. These results indicated that Nur77 decreases ET-1 expression by suppressing NF-κB and p38 MAPK in LPS-stimulated A549 cells in vitro, and, in an LPS-induced ARDS rat model, CsnB reduced ET-1 expression and lung injury in ARDS rats.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Male
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Phenylacetates/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/enzymology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/genetics
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | - Yueqiu Qin
- Department of Digestive, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | | | - Shulin Xiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the People's Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdon; and
| | - Liao Pinhu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
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14
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Teixeira SDS, Panveloski-Costa AC, Carvalho A, Monteiro Schiavon FP, Ruiz Marque ADC, Campello RS, Bazotte RB, Nunes MT. Thyroid hormone treatment decreases hepatic glucose production and renal reabsorption of glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/18/e12961. [PMID: 27655796 PMCID: PMC5037915 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays an important role in glucose metabolism. Recently, we showed that the TH improves glycemia control by decreasing cytokines expression in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of alloxan‐induced diabetic rats, which were also shown to present primary hypothyroidism. In this context, this study aims to investigate whether the chronic treatment of diabetic rats with T3 could affect other tissues that are involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, as the liver and kidney. Adult Male Wistar rats were divided into nondiabetic, diabetic, and diabetic treated with T3 (1.5 μg/100 g BW for 4 weeks). Diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, BW, i.p.). Animals showing fasting blood glucose levels greater than 250 mg/dL were selected for the study. After treatment, we measured the blood glucose, serum T3, T4, TSH, and insulin concentration, hepatic glucose production by liver perfusion, liver PEPCK, GAPDH, and pAKT expression, as well as urine glucose concentration and renal expression of SGLT2 and GLUT2. T3 reduced blood glucose, hepatic glucose production, liver PEPCK, GAPDH, and pAKT content and the renal expression of SGLT2 and increased glycosuria. Results suggest that the decreased hepatic glucose output and increased glucose excretion induced by T3 treatment are important mechanisms that contribute to reduce serum concentration of glucose, accounting for the improvement of glucose homeostasis control in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvania da Silva Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Panveloski-Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raquel S Campello
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto B Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Maria T Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Lipopolysaccharide markedly changes glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in the longissimus muscle of pigs. Animal 2016; 10:1204-12. [PMID: 26863995 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most previous studies on the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in pigs focused on the body's immune response, and few reports paid attention to body metabolism changes. To better understand the glucose metabolism changes in skeletal muscle following LPS challenge and to clarify the possible mechanism, 12 growing pigs were employed. Animals were treated with either 2 ml of saline or 15 µg/kg BW LPS, and samples were collected 6 h later. The glycolysis status and mitochondrial function in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs were analyzed. The results showed that serum lactate content and NADH content in LD muscle significantly increased compared with the control group. Most glycolysis-related genes expression, as well as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactic dehydrogenase activity, in LD muscle was significantly higher compared with the control group. Mitochondrial complexes I and IV significantly increased, while mitochondrial ATP concentration markedly decreased. Significantly increased calcium content in the mitochondria was observed, and endoplasm reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated in the present study. The results showed that LPS treatment markedly changes glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in the LD muscle of pigs, and increased calcium content induced by ER stress was possibly involved. The results provide new clues for clarifying metabolic diseases in muscle induced by LPS.
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16
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Yanay O, Bailey AL, Kernan K, Zimmerman JJ, Osborne WR. Effects of exendin-4, a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on neutrophil count and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of endotoxemia. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:129-35. [PMID: 26244029 PMCID: PMC4521677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s84993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. A variety of strategies targeting modulation of the pro-inflammatory response associated with early sepsis have been reported without clinical success. GLP-1 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In addition, it was shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesized that treatment with exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, would attenuate inflammation and improve glucose control in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rat model of inflammation. Methods Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: 1) treatment: intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LPS 10 mg/kg followed by exendin-4, 30 μg/kg, 10 minutes later; 2) control-1: IP injection of LPS 10 mg/kg, followed by normal saline (NS); 3) control-2: IP NS injection followed by exendin-4; 4) sham: IP injection of NS followed by another NS injection. Glucose concentration, total white blood count with absolute neutrophil count, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were measured at 0, 3, 6, and 10 hours following LPS injection. Results At 3 hours, rats injected with LPS developed neutropenia, elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and mild hypoglycemia. Treatment with exendin-4 significantly modulated neutropenia, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ). However, exendin-4 had no effect on IL-10 concentrations. LPS injection led to mild hypoglycemia, that was not observed in rats treated with exendin-4. Sham animals exhibited no significant change from baseline in all parameters. Conclusion In this LPS model of acute early phase inflammation, treatment with exendin-4 decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations without changing IL-10 blood levels and improved neutropenia. Following LPS injection, rats developed a tendency toward hypoglycemia that improved with exendin-4. Overall our data suggest that exogenous exendin-4 mediates anti-inflammatory effects early in this rat model of endotoxin-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Yanay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA ; Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly Kernan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerry J Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA ; Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William R Osborne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Wang LF, Yang GQ, Yang S, Yang GY, Li M, Zhu HS, Wang YY, Han LQ, Liu RY, Jia SD, Song F. Alteration of factors associated with hepatic gluconeogenesis in response to acute lipopolysaccharide in dairy goat1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2767-77. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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18
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Elevated hepatic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 induces insulin resistance in uremia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3817-22. [PMID: 24569863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312436111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and associated metabolic sequelae are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are positively and independently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, the pathogenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) catalyzes intracellular regeneration of active glucocorticoids, promoting insulin resistance in liver and other metabolic tissues. Using two experimental rat models of CKD (subtotal nephrectomy and adenine diet) which show early insulin resistance, we found that 11βHSD1 mRNA and protein increase in hepatic and adipose tissue, together with increased hepatic 11βHSD1 activity. This was associated with intrahepatic but not circulating glucocorticoid excess, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. Oral administration of the 11βHSD inhibitor carbenoxolone to uremic rats for 2 wk improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, improved insulin signaling, and reduced hepatic expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes. Furthermore, 11βHSD1(-/-) mice and rats treated with a specific 11βHSD1 inhibitor (UE2316) were protected from metabolic disturbances despite similar renal dysfunction following adenine experimental uremia. Therefore, we demonstrate that elevated hepatic 11βHSD1 is an important contributor to early insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in uremia. Specific 11βHSD1 inhibitors potentially represent a novel therapeutic approach for management of insulin resistance in patients with CKD.
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19
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Stark R, Guebre-Egziabher F, Zhao X, Feriod C, Dong J, Alves TC, Ioja S, Pongratz RL, Bhanot S, Roden M, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Kibbey RG. A role for mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7257-63. [PMID: 24497630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c113.544759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from oxaloacetate is an absolute requirement for gluconeogenesis from mitochondrial substrates. Generally, this reaction has solely been attributed to the cytosolic isoform of PEPCK (PEPCK-C), although loss of the mitochondrial isoform (PEPCK-M) has never been assessed. Despite catalyzing the same reaction, to date the only significant role reported in mammals for the mitochondrial isoform is as a glucose sensor necessary for insulin secretion. We hypothesized that this nutrient-sensing mitochondrial GTP-dependent pathway contributes importantly to gluconeogenesis. PEPCK-M was acutely silenced in gluconeogenic tissues of rats using antisense oligonucleotides both in vivo and in isolated hepatocytes. Silencing PEPCK-M lowers plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides, reduces white adipose, and depletes hepatic glycogen, but raises lactate. There is a switch of gluconeogenic substrate preference to glycerol that quantitatively accounts for a third of glucose production. In contrast to the severe mitochondrial deficiency characteristic of PEPCK-C knock-out livers, hepatocytes from PEPCK-M-deficient livers maintained normal oxidative function. Consistent with its predicted role, gluconeogenesis rates from hepatocytes lacking PEPCK-M are severely reduced for lactate, alanine, and glutamine, but not for pyruvate and glycerol. Thus, PEPCK-M has a direct role in fasted and fed glucose homeostasis, and this mitochondrial GTP-dependent pathway should be reconsidered for its involvement in both normal and diabetic metabolism.
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20
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Miksza DR, de Souza CO, de Morais H, da Rocha AF, Borba-Murad GR, Bazotte RB, de Souza HM. Effect of infliximab on metabolic disorders induced by Walker-256 tumor in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:960-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Moreira CCL, Cassolla P, Dornellas APS, de Morais H, de Souza CO, Borba-Murad GR, Bazotte RB, de Souza HM. Changes in liver gluconeogenesis during the development of Walker-256 tumour in rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:47-55. [PMID: 23317353 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated liver gluconeogenesis in cancer and there is no agreement as to whether the activity of this pathway is increased or decreased in this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate gluconeogenesis from alanine, pyruvate and glycerol, and related metabolic parameters in perfused liver from Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats on days 5 (WK5 group), 8 (WK8 group) and 12 (WK12 group) of tumour development. There was reduction (P < 0.05) of liver glucose production from alanine and pyruvate in WK5, WK8 and WK12 groups, which was accompanied by a decrease (P < 0.05) in oxygen consumption. Moreover, there was higher (P < 0.05) pyruvate and lactate production from alanine in the WK5 group and a marked reduction (P < 0.05) of pyruvate and urea production from alanine in the WK12 group. In addition, liver glucose production and oxygen consumption from glycerol were not reduced in WK5, WK8 and WK12 groups. Thus the, the results show inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine and pyruvate, but not from glycerol, on days 5, 8 and 12 of Walker-256 tumour development, which can be attributed to the metabolic step in which the substrate enters the gluconeogenic pathway.
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22
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Zebeli Q, Mansmann D, Sivaraman S, Dunn SM, Ametaj BN. Oral challenge with increasing doses of LPS modulated the patterns of plasma metabolites and minerals in periparturient dairy cows. Innate Immun 2012; 19:298-314. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425912461287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed recently that repeated oral exposure to LPS stimulated humoral immune responses in periparturient dairy cows. Here, metabolic and mineral responses to repeated oral administration of LPS were investigated. Sixteen clinically healthy, pregnant Holstein cows were orally administered 3 ml of saline solution (control) or 3 ml of saline solution containing 3 increasing doses of LPS, at 07:00 h, as follows: (i) 0.01 µg/kg body mass (BM) on d −14 and −10, (ii) 0.05 µg/kg BM on d −7 and −3, and (iii) 0.1 µg/kg BM on d 3 and 7 relative to parturition. Blood samples were measured shortly before, and at 8 different time-points after (up to 6 h), the first challenge of each LPS dosage to evaluate the post-challenge plasma profile, as well as weekly up to 4 wk postpartum. Results showed that oral administration of LPS lowered concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids ( P < 0.01) and β-hydroxy-butyrate ( P < 0.01) in the plasma, particularly after the third LPS challenge. Also, after the third oral LPS challenge, treatment tended to increase plasma glucose. Plasma calcium did not change, but concentrations of insulin ( P < 0.01) and zinc ( P < 0.01) were greater, while that of copper was lower ( P < 0.01) in the plasma of treated cows. This is the first report to indicate a potential role for repeated oral administration of LPS around parturition to modulate the profile of plasma metabolites and minerals postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qendrim Zebeli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Mansmann
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shanti Sivaraman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Suzanna M Dunn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Burim N Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Ametaj BN. Perturbations of plasma metabolites correlated with the rise of rumen endotoxin in dairy cows fed diets rich in easily degradable carbohydrates. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:2374-82. [PMID: 21524527 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Feeding dairy cows diets high in easily degradable carbohydrates increases the incidence of rumen and systemic metabolic disorders; however, the triggering factor is not well understood. In this study, dairy cows were fed 4 different amounts of barley grain-based concentrate at 15, 30, 45, and 60% (dry matter basis) of a total mixed ration to determine whether alterations in the rumen environment would be associated with perturbations of the plasma profile of selected metabolites. In addition, associations among free rumen endotoxin and several plasma metabolites were determined. The study was a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 8 rumen-cannulated lactating dairy cows (60 ± 15 d in milk). Multiple rumen fluid and blood plasma samples were collected and analyzed for pH and rumen fluid endotoxin and for concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lactate in the plasma. Rumen pH decreased below 6.0, from 8 to 12h after the morning feeding, with the augmentation of the proportion of concentrate in the diet of ≥ 30%. Feeding diets with >30% concentrate resulted in a rise of free endotoxin in the rumen fluid (8.87 ± 0.39 μg/mL). Inclusion of 60% concentrate in the total mixed ration was associated with enhanced concentrations of glucose (64.5 ± 1.0 mg/dL) and lactate (540.9 ± 36.5 μmol/L) and lowered cholesterol (265.5 ± 13.7 mg/dL), BHBA (449.1 ± 47.4 μmol/L), and NEFA (138.8 ± 19.1 μEq/L) in the blood plasma. The regression analysis revealed that greater concentrations of plasma lactate and lower concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, and NEFA were related to the rise of rumen endotoxin. Interestingly, 93% of the increase in the plasma lactate was explained by the rise of rumen endotoxin. Moreover, the analysis revealed inverse relationships of rumen endotoxin with plasma cholesterol (R(2)=0.47), BHBA (R(2)=0.37), and NEFA (R(2)=0.50) and a biphasic response of plasma insulin (R(2)=0.58). Taken together, feeding dairy cows diets rich in rumen-degradable carbohydrates and low in fiber led to lower rumen pH and a large accumulation of rumen endotoxin; the latter was correlated with perturbations of plasma metabolites allied to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zebeli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
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Lin Z, Li H, Luo H, Zhang Y, Luo W. Benzylamine and methylamine, substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, attenuate inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1079-89. [PMID: 21414430 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) substrates possess insulin-mimic effect, which was thought to play an anti-inflammatory role. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether SSAO substrates benzylamine (BZA) and methylamine (MA) attenuate inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages (PMs) that express SSAO and RAW264.7 mouse macrophages that do not express SSAO were used in vitro studies. Experimental mice were given BZA or MA through intraperitoneal injection before LPS challenge. The results showed that BZA or MA treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, TNF-α) production, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and glucose consumption in murine PMs, but not in RAW264.7 cell line. The metabolites of BZA or MA catalyzed by SSAO, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and benzaldehyde could also significantly decrease LPS-induced nitric oxide and TNF-α production, iNOS and COX-2 expression, and glucose consumption in vitro. In addition, BZA or MA administration could significantly decrease plasma pro-inflammatory mediators and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in liver and lung, and could also attenuate LPS-induced transient hyperglycemia and chronic hypoglycemia. These findings indicated that substrates of SSAO might be involved in the anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolites of BZA and MA catalyzed by SSAO might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, BZA or MA administration could be useful for normalization of glucose disposal during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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Jurczyk A, Roy N, Bajwa R, Gut P, Lipson K, Yang C, Covassin L, Racki WJ, Rossini AA, Phillips N, Stainier DYR, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Bortell R, diIorio P. Dynamic glucoregulation and mammalian-like responses to metabolic and developmental disruption in zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:334-45. [PMID: 20965191 PMCID: PMC3014420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are emerging as models of glucose metabolism. However, patterns of endogenous glucose levels, and the role of the islet in glucoregulation, are unknown. We measured absolute glucose levels in zebrafish and mouse embryos, and demonstrate similar, dynamic glucose fluctuations in both species. Further, we show that chemical and genetic perturbations elicit mammalian-like glycemic responses in zebrafish embryos. We show that glucose is undetectable in early zebrafish and mouse embryos, but increases in parallel with pancreatic islet formation in both species. In zebrafish, increasing glucose is associated with activation of gluconeogenic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (pck1) transcription. Non-hepatic Pck1 protein is expressed in mouse embryos. We show using RNA in situ hybridization, that zebrafish pck1 mRNA is similarly expressed in multiple cell types prior to hepatogenesis. Further, we demonstrate that the Pck1 inhibitor 3-mercaptopicolinic acid suppresses normal glucose accumulation in early zebrafish embryos. This shows that pre- and extra-hepatic pck1 is functional, and provides glucose locally to rapidly developing tissues. To determine if the primary islet is glucoregulatory in early fish embryos, we injected pdx1-specific morpholinos into transgenic embryos expressing GFP in beta cells. Most morphant islets were hypomorphic, not a genetic, but embryos still exhibited persistent hyperglycemia. We conclude from these data that the early zebrafish islet is functional, and regulates endogenous glucose. In summary, we identify mechanisms of glucoregulation in zebrafish embryos that are conserved with embryonic and adult mammals. These observations justify use of this model in mechanistic studies of human metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jurczyk
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Nicole Roy
- Sacred Heart University, Department of Biology, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT 06825 USA
| | - Rabia Bajwa
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Philipp Gut
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 1550 Fourth St., Room 318A, San Francisco, CA 94158-2324
| | - Kathryn Lipson
- Western New England College, Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Springfield, MA 01119
| | - Chaoxing Yang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Laurence Covassin
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Waldemar J. Racki
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Aldo A. Rossini
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Nancy Phillips
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 1550 Fourth St., Room 318A, San Francisco, CA 94158-2324
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Rita Bortell
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Philip diIorio
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, 373 Plantation Street, Suite 218, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Corresponding author. Address: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, Worcester, MA 01605, United States. Fax: 508-856-4093. Phone: 508-856-3679
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