1
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Li E, van der Heyden MAG. The network of cardiac K IR2.1: its function, cellular regulation, electrical signaling, diseases and new drug avenues. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03116-5. [PMID: 38683369 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The functioning of the human heart relies on complex electrical and communication systems that coordinate cardiac contractions and sustain rhythmicity. One of the key players contributing to this intricate system is the KIR2.1 potassium ion channel, which is encoded by the KCNJ2 gene. KIR2.1 channels exhibit abundant expression in both ventricular myocytes and Purkinje fibers, exerting an important role in maintaining the balance of intracellular potassium ion levels within the heart. And by stabilizing the resting membrane potential and contributing to action potential repolarization, these channels have an important role in cardiac excitability also. Either gain- or loss-of-function mutations, but also acquired impairments of their function, are implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse types of cardiac arrhythmias. In this review, we aim to elucidate the system functions of KIR2.1 channels related to cellular electrical signaling, communication, and their contributions to cardiovascular disease. Based on this knowledge, we will discuss existing and new pharmacological avenues to modulate their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encan Li
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marcel A G van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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2
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Han X, Qu L, Yu M, Ye L, Shi L, Ye G, Yang J, Wang Y, Fan H, Wang Y, Tan Y, Wang C, Li Q, Lei W, Chen J, Liu Z, Shen Z, Li Y, Hu S. Thiamine-modified metabolic reprogramming of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte under space microgravity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:86. [PMID: 38584163 PMCID: PMC10999445 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
During spaceflight, the cardiovascular system undergoes remarkable adaptation to microgravity and faces the risk of cardiac remodeling. Therefore, the effects and mechanisms of microgravity on cardiac morphology, physiology, metabolism, and cellular biology need to be further investigated. Since China started constructing the China Space Station (CSS) in 2021, we have taken advantage of the Shenzhou-13 capsule to send human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) to the Tianhe core module of the CSS. In this study, hPSC-CMs subjected to space microgravity showed decreased beating rate and abnormal intracellular calcium cycling. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed a battery of metabolic remodeling of hPSC-CMs in spaceflight, especially thiamine metabolism. The microgravity condition blocked the thiamine intake in hPSC-CMs. The decline of thiamine utilization under microgravity or by its antagonistic analog amprolium affected the process of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It decreased ATP production, which led to cytoskeletal remodeling and calcium homeostasis imbalance in hPSC-CMs. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that thiamine supplementation could reverse the adaptive changes induced by simulated microgravity. This study represents the first astrobiological study on the China Space Station and lays a solid foundation for further aerospace biomedical research. These data indicate that intervention of thiamine-modified metabolic reprogramming in human cardiomyocytes during spaceflight might be a feasible countermeasure against microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingqun Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liujia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianghai Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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3
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Guo Y, Zhang C, Ye T, Chen X, Liu X, Chen X, Sun Y, Qu C, Liang J, Shi S, Yang B. Pinocembrin ameliorates arrhythmias in rats with chronic ischaemic heart failure. Ann Med 2021; 53:830-840. [PMID: 34060948 PMCID: PMC8172224 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1927168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are a common complication of chronic ischaemic heart failure (CIHF). The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of pinocembrin in a rat model of VAs induced by CIHF and further examine the possible mechanism. METHODS Rats were subjected to ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery to mimic CIHF and then received pinocembrin treatment daily for 2 months. The vivo electrophysiology were performed to determine the effect of pinocembrin on ventricular electrical activity. The expression of Cav1.2, Kv4.2, and NGF was determined by Western blot. The structural change of ventricle was tested by the Echocardiography, Masson staining, and HE staining. The effect of pinocembrin on sympathetic nerve-related markers was detected by the immunostaining and the ELISA was used to test for biomarkers associated with heart failure. RESULTS Pinocembrin increased the expression of ion channel protein Cav1.2 and Kv4.3, ameliorated the shortening of action potential duration (APD) and reduced the incidence and duration of ventricular fibrillation (VF). Pinocembrin also reduced the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and improved the autonomic nerve remodelling. In addition, pinocembrin reduced the area of infarct area and myocardial fibrosis, accompanied by increasing the expression of connexin protein 43 (CX43). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that pinocembrin reduces cardiac nerve remodelling and protects against Vas induced by CIHF. The findings suggest that pinocembrin can be a promising candidate for the treatment of VAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Increased Ca 2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum provides arrhythmogenic trigger source in swimming-induced rat athlete's heart model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19596. [PMID: 33177643 PMCID: PMC7658201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death among top athletes is very rare, however, it is 2–4 times more frequent than in the age-matched control population. In the present study, the electrophysiological consequences of long-term exercise training were investigated on Ca2+ homeostasis and ventricular repolarization, together with the underlying alterations of ion channel expression, in a rat athlete's heart model. 12-week swimming exercise-trained and control Wistar rats were used. Electrophysiological data were obtained by using ECG, patch clamp and fluorescent optical measurements. Protein and mRNA levels were determined by the Western immunoblot and qRT-PCR techniques. Animals in the trained group exhibited significantly lower resting heart rate, higher incidence of extrasystoles and spontaneous Ca2+ release events. The Ca2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the Ca2+ transient amplitude were significantly larger in the trained group. Intensive physical training is associated with elevated SR Ca2+ content, which could be an important part of physiological cardiac adaptation mechanism to training. However, it may also sensitize the heart for the development of spontaneous Ca2+ release and extrasystoles. Training-associated remodeling may promote elevated incidence of life threatening arrhythmias in top athletes.
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6
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Gomes HL, Menezes TN, Malacarne PF, Roman-Campos D, Gondim AN, Cruz JS, Vassallo DV, Figueiredo SG. Cardiovascular effects of Sp-CTx, a cytolysin from the scorpionfish (Scorpaena plumieri) venom. Toxicon 2016; 118:141-8. [PMID: 27155562 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fish venom cytolysins are multifunctional proteins that in addition to their cytolytic/hemolytic effects display neurotoxic, cardiotoxic and inflammatory activities, being described as "protein lethal factors". A pore-forming cytolysin called Sp-CTx (Scorpaena plumieriCytolytic Toxin) has been recently purified from the venom of the scorpionfish Scorpaena plumieri. It is a glycoprotein with dimeric constitution, comprising subunits of approximately 65 kDa. Previous studies have revealed that this toxin has a vasorelaxant activity that appears to involve the L-arginine-nitric oxide synthase pathway; however its cardiovascular effects have not been fully comprehended. The present study examined the cardiovascular effects of Sp-CTx in vivo and in vitro. In anesthetized rats Sp-CTx (70 μg/kg i.v) produced a biphasic response which consisted of an initial systolic and diastolic pressure increase followed by a sustained decrease of these parameters and the heart rate. In isolated rats hearts Sp-CTx (10(-9) to 5 × 10(-6) M) produced concentration-dependent and transient ventricular positive inotropic effect and vasoconstriction response on coronary bed. In papillary muscle, Sp-CTx (10(-7) M) also produced an increase in contractile isometric force, which was attenuated by the catecholamine releasing agent tyramine (100 μM) and the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (10 μM). On isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes Sp-CTx (1 nM) increased the L-type Ca(2+) current density. The results show that Sp-CTx induces disorders in the cardiovascular system through increase of sarcolemmal calcium influx, which in turn is partially caused by the release of endogenous noradrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Thiago N Menezes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Pedro F Malacarne
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio N Gondim
- Departamento de Educação, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Guanambi, BA, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Suely G Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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7
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Anholt H, Himsworth C, Britton A. Polioencephalomalacia and Heart Failure Secondary to Presumptive Thiamine Deficiency, Hepatic Lipidosis, and Starvation in 2 Abandoned Siamese Cats. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:840-3. [PMID: 26792845 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815620836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two 4-year-old spayed female Siamese cats were seized by the British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals after confinement to an abandoned housing unit without food for 9 weeks. One cat was found dead, and the second was euthanized within 24 hours due to neurologic deterioration despite therapy. Polioencephalomalacia of the caudal colliculus, hepatic lipidosis, cachexia, and congestive heart failure with cardiomyocyte atrophy were identified in both cats through postmortem examination and attributed to a prolonged period of starvation. Brain lesions were likely the result of thiamine deficiency (Chastek paralysis), which can be associated with both malnutrition and liver disease. This case highlights the importance of thiamine supplementation during realimentation of cats with hepatic lipidosis. Heart failure resulting from cachexia may have contributed to the death of the first cat and the morbidity of the second cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Anholt
- Animal Health Centre, Abbotsford, Canada
| | | | - A Britton
- Animal Health Centre, Abbotsford, Canada
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8
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Costantini A, Trevi E, Pala MI, Fancellu R. Can long-term thiamine treatment improve the clinical outcomes of myotonic dystrophy type 1? Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1487-1491. [PMID: 27857755 PMCID: PMC5090854 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1, also known as Steinert's disease, is an autosomal dominant disorder with multisystemic clinical features affecting the skeletal and cardiac muscles, the eyes, and the endocrine system. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a cofactor of fundamental enzymes involved in the energetic cell metabolism; recent studies described its role in oxidative stress, protein processing, peroxisomal function, and gene expression. Thiamine deficiency is critical mainly in the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as in the muscular cells. Our aim was to investigate the potential therapeutical effects of long-term treatment with thiamine in myotonic dystrophy type 1 in an observational open-label pilot study. We described two patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 treated with intramuscular thiamine 100 mg twice a week for 12 or 11 months. We evaluated the patients using the grading of muscle strength according to Medical Research Council (MRC), the Muscular Impairment Rating Scale (MIRS), and the Modified Barthel index. High-dose thiamine treatment was well tolerated and effective in improving the motor symptomatology, particularly the muscle strength evaluated with the MRC scale, and the patients' activities of daily living using the Modified Barthel Index. At the end of treatment, the MRC score was 5 in the proximal muscles and 2-4 in the distal muscles (the MRC score before the treatment was 3-4 and 1-3, respectively). The MIRS grade improved by 25% compared to baseline for both patients. In patient #1, the Modified Barthel Index improved by 44%, and in patient #2 by 29%. These findings suggest that clinical outcomes are improved by long-term thiamine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Costantini
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, "Villa Immacolata" Clinic, Viterbo, Italy; School of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Trevi
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, "Villa Immacolata" Clinic, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Pala
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, "Villa Immacolata" Clinic, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberto Fancellu
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST, Genoa, Italy
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9
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Jain A, Mehta R, Al-Ani M, Hill JA, Winchester DE. Determining the Role of Thiamine Deficiency in Systolic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. J Card Fail 2015; 21:1000-7. [PMID: 26497757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 5.7 million Americans carry the diagnosis of systolic heart failure (HF), a major health care burden. HF is a known manifestation of thiamine deficiency (TD). HF patients are at unique risk for developing TD, which may contribute to further altered cardiac function and symptoms. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of TD in HF patients, risk factors for and mechanisms of development of TD in HF population, and outcomes of thiamine supplementation in HF patients. We found 54 studies that met our selection criteria, 9 of which were suitable for meta-analysis. TD is more common in HF patients than control subjects (odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval 1.65-3.87). Diuretic use, changes in dietary habits, and altered thiamine absorption and metabolism were identified as possible mechanisms of TD in HF patients. Small observational studies and randomized control trials suggest that thiamine supplementation in HF population may improve ejection fraction and reduce symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Thiamine deficiency is more prevalent in the HF population, and its supplementation may be beneficial. The therapeutic role of thiamine in HF warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Jain
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Raj Mehta
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mohammad Al-Ani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - James A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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10
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Santos-Miranda A, Cruz JS, Roman-Campos D. Electrical properties of isolated cardiomyocytes in a rat model of thiamine deficiency. Arq Bras Cardiol 2015; 104:242-5. [PMID: 25884771 PMCID: PMC4386853 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20150010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, thiamine deficiency (TD) remains an important medical condition
linked to altered cardiac function. There have been contradictory reports about the
impact of TD on heart physiology, especially in the context of cardiac excitability.
In order to address this particular question, we used a TD rat model and patch-clamp
technique to investigate the electrical properties of isolated cardiomyocytes from
epicardium and endocardium. Neither cell type showed substantial differences on the
action potential waveform and transient outward potassium current. Based on our
results we can conclude that TD does not induce major electrical remodeling in
isolated cardiac myocytes in either endocardium or epicardium cells.
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11
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Gioda CR, Capettini LSA, Cruz JS, Lemos VS. Thiamine deficiency leads to reduced nitric oxide production and vascular dysfunction in rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:183-188. [PMID: 24103804 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thiamine deficiency is a condition that is known to cause damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems because it interferes with cellular metabolism. It is well known that the control of vascular function is highly dependent on the production of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthases. Studies exploring the physiological relevance of NO signaling under conditions of thiamine deficiency are scarce. The present study sought to investigate whether chronic metabolic changes would cause alterations in vascular responsiveness. METHODS AND RESULTS By removing thiamine from the diet, we observed a reduced acetylcholine-mediated relaxation and an increased phenylephrine-mediated vasoconstriction in the aortas containing functional endothelium. Removal of the endothelium or the pre-treatment of vessels with l-NAME restored the contractile responses to the level of controls. Conversely, indomethacin did not modify phenylephrine-mediated contractions. We also used carbon microsensors to continually measure NO production in situ while simultaneously measuring the vascular tone. The results revealed a significant decrease in NO production. Western blot analysis showed a decreased expression of the total eNOS in the thiamine-deficient aorta compared to the control. Concentration-response curves for phenylephrine indicated no difference between the control and deficient groups in the presence and absence of SOD or Tyron. The NO donor DEA-NONOate produced a concentration-dependent relaxation response in the endothelium-denuded vessels that did not differ between the control and thiamine-deficient rats. CONCLUSION Thiamine deficiency modulates eNOS-dependent NO production, leading to a decreased vasorelaxation and an increased contractile response in the rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Gioda
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L S A Capettini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J S Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - V S Lemos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Roman-Campos D, Cruz JS. Current aspects of thiamine deficiency on heart function. Life Sci 2014; 98:1-5. [PMID: 24398040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beriberi is a disease caused by thiamine deficiency (TD), which may lead to heart problems, including heart failure. Despite the fact that thiamine prevalence is reduced in the industrialized world, it remains a health hazard especially due to chronic alcohol consumption. Diagnosing the presence of TD based on both electrocardiogram and echocardiogram exams is particularly challenging because of its non-specific symptoms. TD diagnosis is unique, which then leads to determination of its severity. If thiamine infusion abrogates its symptomology, only then can the case be definitely diagnosed as TD. Another condition eliciting increased likelihood of developing TD in humans is furosemide administration to heart failure patients. Furosemide administration worsens heart failure due to heightened TD. However, literature data provided are contradictory and require clarification. Up until now, the rat has been the preferred TD animal model. However, the results are even more contradictory than those in humans. It seems that if the rat TD models are separated into two distinct groups, according to animal age, the results appear to be more consistent: younger rats are more prone to develop TD signs similar to those found in humans. Their symptoms stem from changes in cardiac myocyte function that are reversed after thiamine supplementation. However, it remains an open question as to why only younger rats are able to develop human-like symptoms and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Roman-Campos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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13
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Song JH, Cheon SS, Bae MH, Lee JH, Yang DH, Park HS, Cho Y, Chae SC. Cardiovascular beriberi: rare cause of reversible pulmonary hypertension. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2014. [DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2014.31.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Heon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hun Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongkeun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Roman-Campos D, Sales-Júnior P, Duarte HL, Gomes ER, Guatimosim S, Ropert C, Gazzinelli RT, Cruz JS. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction during the chronic phase of Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:243-5. [PMID: 23579807 PMCID: PMC3970661 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108022013019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of heart failure. We investigated modifications in the cellular electrophysiological and calcium-handling characteristics of an infected mouse heart during the chronic phase of the disease. The patch-clamp technique was used to record action potentials (APs) and L-type Ca2+ and transient outward K+ currents. [Ca2+]i changes were determined using confocal microscopy. Infected ventricular cells showed prolonged APs, reduced transient outward K+ and L-type Ca2+ currents and reduced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Thus, the chronic phase of Chagas disease is characterised by cardiomyocyte dysfunction, which could lead to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Roman-Campos
- Laboratório de Membranas Excitáveis e Biologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Role of SOCS2 in modulating heart damage and function in a murine model of acute Chagas disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:130-40. [PMID: 22658486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi induces inflammation, which limits parasite proliferation but may result in chagasic heart disease. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a regulator of immune responses and may therefore participate in the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection. SOCS2 is expressed during T. cruzi infection, and its expression is partially reduced in infected 5-lipoxygenase-deficient [knockout (KO)] mice. In SOCS2 KO mice, there was a reduction in both parasitemia and the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-10, SOCS1, and SOCS3 in the spleen. Expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, SOCS1, and SOCS3 was also reduced in the hearts of infected SOCS2 KO mice. There was an increase in the generation and expansion of T regulatory (Treg) cells and a decrease in the number of memory cells in T. cruzi-infected SOCS2 KO mice. Levels of lipoxinA(4) (LXA(4)) increased in these mice. Echocardiography studies demonstrated an impairment of cardiac function in T. cruzi-infected SOCS2 KO mice. There were also changes in calcium handling and in action potential waveforms, and reduced outward potassium currents in isolated cardiac myocytes. Our data suggest that reductions of inflammation and parasitemia in infected SOCS2-deficient mice may be secondary to the increases in Treg cells and LXA(4) levels. This occurs at the cost of greater infection-associated heart dysfunction, highlighting the relevance of balanced inflammatory and immune responses in preventing severe T. cruzi-induced disease.
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Britto RM, Santos AL, Cruz JS, Gondim ANS, Lauton-Santos S, Lara A, Guatimosim S, Vasconcelos CML, Estevam CDS, Dias AS, Oliveira ED, Lima AK, Souza RC, Conde-Garcia EA. Aqueous fraction from Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe leaf reduces contractility by impairing the calcium inward current in the mammalian myocardium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:382-389. [PMID: 21963557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Brazilian folk medicine uses infusion of Costus spiralis leaf to help people to treat arterial hypertension and syndromes of cardiac hyperexcitability. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluate the aqueous fraction (AqF) effect on atrial contractility and investigate its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AqF effect on the cardiac contractility was studied on isolated electrically driven guinea pig left atria. Atropine and tetraethylammonium (TEA) were employed to investigate whether potassium contributes for the inotropic mechanism of the AqF. The role of calcium in this effect was also studied. This was done by analysing the AqF effect on the Bowditch's phenomenon, as well as by studying whether it could interfere with the concentration-effect curve for CaCl(2), isoproterenol, and BAY K8644. Mice isolated cardiomyocytes were submitted to a whole-cell patch-clamp technique in order to evaluate whether the L-type calcium current participates on the AqF effect. Furthermore, the intracellular calcium transient was studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS AqF depressed the atrial contractile force. It was the most potent fraction from C. spiralis leaf (EC(50)=305 ± 41 mg/l) (crude extract: EC(50)=712 ± 41; ethyl acetate: EC(50)=788 ± 121; chloroform: EC(50)=8,948 ± 1,346 mg/l). Sodium and potassium content in the AqF was 0.15 mM and 1.91 mM, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed phenols, tannins, flavones, xanthones, flavonoids, flavonols, flavononols, flavonones, and saponins. Experiments with atropine and TEA showed that potassium does not participate of the inotropic mechanism of AqF. However, this fraction decreased the force overshoot characteristic of the Bowditch's phenomenon, and shifted the concentration-response curve for CaCl(2) (EC(50) from 1.12 ± 0.07 to 7.23 ± 0.47 mM) indicating that calcium currents participate on its mechanism of action. Results obtained with isoproterenol (1-1,000 pM) and BAY K8644 (5-2000nM) showed that AqF abolished the inotropic effect of these substances. On cardiomyocytes, 48mg/l AqF reduced (∼23%) the L-type calcium current density from -6.3 ± 0.3 to -4.9 ± 0.2 A/F (n=5 cells, p<0.05) and reduced the intracellular calcium transient (∼20%, 4.7 ± 1.2 a.u., n=42 cells to 3.7 ± 1.00 a.u., n=35 cells, p<0.05). However, the decay time of the fluorescence was not changed (control: 860 ± 32 ms, n=42 cells; AqF: 876 ± 26 ms, n=35 cells, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The AqF of C. spiralis leaf depresses myocardial contractility by reducing the L-type calcium current and by decreasing the intracellular calcium transient. Despite the lack of data on the therapeutic dose of AqF used in folk medicine, our results support, at least in part, the traditional use of this plant to treat cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moreira Britto
- Laboratório de Biofísica do Coração, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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Santos BA, Roman-Campos D, Carvalho MS, Miranda FMF, Carneiro DC, Cavalcante PH, Cândido EAF, Filho LX, Cruz JS, Gondim ANS. Cardiodepressive effect elicited by the essential oil of Alpinia speciosa is related to L-type Ca²+ current blockade. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:539-543. [PMID: 21112750 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of the essential oil from Alpinia speciosa (EOAs) on cardiac contractility and the underlying mechanisms. The essential oil was obtained from Alpinia speciosa leaves and flowers and the oil was analyzed by GC-MS method. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of at least 18 components. Terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole corresponded to 38% and 18% of the crude oil, respectively. The experiments were conducted on spontaneously-beating right atria and on electrically stimulated left atria isolated from adult rats. The effect of EOAs on the isometric contractions and cardiac frequency in vitro was examined. EOAs decreased rat left atrial force of contraction with an EC₅₀ of 292.2±75.7 μg/ml. Nifedipine, a well known L-type Ca²+ blocker, inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner left atrial force of contraction with an EC₅₀ of 12.1±3.5 μg/ml. Sinus rhythm was diminished by EOAs with an EC₅₀ of 595.4±56.2 μg/ml. Whole-cell L-type Ca²+ currents were recorded by using the patch-clamp technique. EOAs at 25 μg/ml decreased I(Ca,L) by 32.6±9.2% and at 250 μg/ml it decreased by 89.3±7.4%. Thus, inhibition of L-type Ca²+ channels is involved in the cardiodepressive effect elicited by the essential oil of Alpinia speciosa in rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Santos
- Laboratório de Biofísica e Farmacologia do Coração, Departamento de Educação - Campus XII, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil
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Bello S, Neri M, Riezzo I, Othman MS, Turillazzi E, Fineschi V. Cardiac beriberi: morphological findings in two fatal cases. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:8. [PMID: 21244717 PMCID: PMC3034660 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular beriberi is categorized into two main groups, according to its cause: alcoholic and non-alcoholic (dietary). Cardiovascular beriberi can also be divided into a fulminant form (Shoshin beriberi) and a chronic form. Shoshin beriberi is characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis and is mainly encountered in non-alcoholic patients in Asian countries, although it has also been seen in alcoholics in Western countries. Due to the complex clinical presentation and to the lack of diagnostic tests, thiamine deficiency is still being missed, especially among non-alcoholics patients. We present two fatal cases of non - alcohol associated cardiac beriberi. An acute myocardial infarction was observed in one case; extensive colliquative myocytolisis (grade 2) was described in the second case respectively. Morphologically, myocardial necrosis and colliquative myocytolysis are the histologic hallmarks of this acute, rare clinical entity. An increase in apoptotic myocytes was demonstrated probably sustaining the cardiogenic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bello
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Roman-Campos D, Duarte HL, Gomes ER, Castro CH, Guatimosim S, Natali AJ, Almeida AP, Pesquero JB, Pesquero JL, Cruz JS. Investigation of the cardiomyocyte dysfunction in bradykinin type 2 receptor knockout mice. Life Sci 2010; 87:715-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ahmet I, Wan R, Mattson MP, Lakatta EG, Talan MI. Chronic alternate-day fasting results in reduced diastolic compliance and diminished systolic reserve in rats. J Card Fail 2010; 16:843-53. [PMID: 20932467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on animal experiments and limited data from the few human trials, alternate-day fasting (ADF) resulted in weight loss, prolonged life, reduced metabolic risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and reduced prevalence of age-related diseases. The present study is the first comprehensive examination of the long-term effects of ADF on general cardiovascular fitness in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Four-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were started on ADF or continued on ad libitum diets and followed for 6 months with serial echocardiography. A comprehensive hemodynamic evaluation including a combined dobutamine-volume stress test was performed at the end of the study, and hearts were harvested for histological assessment. The 6-month-long ADF diet resulted in a 9% reduction (P < .01) of cardiomyocyte diameter and 3-fold increase in interstitial myocardial fibrosis. Left ventricular chamber size was not affected by ADF and ejection fraction was not reduced, but left atrial diameter was increased 16%, and the ratio of early (E) and late atrial (A) waves, in Doppler-measured mitral flow was reduced (P < .01). Pressure-volume loop analyses revealed a "stiff" heart during diastole in ADF rats, whereas combined dobutamine and volume loading showed a significant reduction in left ventricular diastolic compliance and a lack of increase in systolic pump function, indicating a diminished cardiac reserve. CONCLUSION Chronic ADF in rats results in development of diastolic dysfunction with diminished cardiac reserve. ADF is a novel and unique experimental model of diet-induced diastolic dysfunction. The deleterious effect of ADF in rats suggests that additional studies of ADF effects on cardiovascular functions in humans are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismayil Ahmet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gioda CR, de Oliveira Barreto T, Prímola-Gomes TN, de Lima DC, Campos PP, Capettini LDSA, Lauton-Santos S, Vasconcelos AC, Coimbra CC, Lemos VS, Pesquero JL, Cruz JS. Cardiac oxidative stress is involved in heart failure induced by thiamine deprivation in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H2039-45. [PMID: 20304817 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00820.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine is an important cofactor of metabolic enzymes, and its deficiency leads to cardiovascular dysfunction. First, we characterized the metabolic status measuring resting oxygen consumption rate and lactate blood concentration after 35 days of thiamine deficiency (TD). The results pointed to a decrease in resting oxygen consumption and a twofold increase in blood lactate. Confocal microscopy showed that intracellular superoxide (approximately 40%) and H(2)O(2) (2.5 times) contents had been increased. In addition, biochemical activities and protein expression of SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were evaluated in hearts isolated from rats submitted to thiamine deprivation. No difference in SOD activity was detected, but protein levels were found to be increased. Catalase activity increased 2.1 times in TD hearts. The observed gain in activity was attended by an increased catalase protein level. However, a marked decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity (control 435.3 + or - 28.6 vs. TD 199.4 + or - 30.2 nmol NADPH x min(-1) x ml(-1)) was paralleled by a diminution in the protein levels. Compared with control hearts, we did observe a greater proportion of apoptotic myocytes by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3 reactivity techniques. These results indicate that during TD, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be enhanced as a consequence of the installed acidosis. The perturbation in the cardiac myocytes redox balance was responsible for the increase in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosa Gioda
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal Univ. of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-090, Brazil
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