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Li R, Liu J, Yi P, Yang X, Chen J, Zhao C, Liao X, Wang X, Xu Z, Lu H, Li H, Zhang Z, Liu X, Xiang J, Hu K, Qi H, Yu J, Yang P, Hou S. Integrative Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Epigenomics Mapping of the Fetal Retina Developmental Dynamics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206623. [PMID: 37017569 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms that determine gene expression and chromatin accessibility in retinogenesis are poorly understood. Herein, single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing are performed on human embryonic eye samples obtained 9-26 weeks after conception to explore the heterogeneity of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and neurogenic RPCs. The differentiation trajectory from RPCs to 7 major types of retinal cells are verified. Subsequently, diverse lineage-determining transcription factors are identified and their gene regulatory networks are refined at the transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. Treatment of retinospheres, with the inhibitor of RE1 silencing transcription factor, X5050, induces more neurogenesis with the regular arrangement, and a decrease in Müller glial cells. The signatures of major retinal cells and their correlation with pathogenic genes associated with multiple ocular diseases, including uveitis and age-related macular degeneration are also described. A framework for the integrated exploration of single-cell developmental dynamics of the human primary retina is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Xianli Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xingyun Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Zongren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Hongshun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
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Systemic Cytokines in Retinopathy of Prematurity. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020291. [PMID: 36836525 PMCID: PMC9966226 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a vasoproliferative vitreoretinal disorder, is the leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Although angiogenic pathways have been the main focus, cytokine-mediated inflammation is also involved in ROP etiology. Herein, we illustrate the characteristics and actions of all cytokines involved in ROP pathogenesis. The two-phase (vaso-obliteration followed by vasoproliferation) theory outlines the evaluation of cytokines in a time-dependent manner. Levels of cytokines may even differ between the blood and the vitreous. Data from animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy are also valuable. Although conventional cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation are well established and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are available, less destructive novel therapeutics that can precisely target the signaling pathways are required. Linking the cytokines involved in ROP to other maternal and neonatal diseases and conditions provides insights into the management of ROP. Suppressing disordered retinal angiogenesis via the modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor, supplementation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/IGF-binding protein 3 complex, erythropoietin, and its derivatives, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and inhibition of secretogranin III have attracted the attention of researchers. Recently, gut microbiota modulation, non-coding RNAs, and gene therapies have shown promise in regulating ROP. These emerging therapeutics can be used to treat preterm infants with ROP.
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Su S, Zou P, Yang G, Wang Y, Liu L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Ding Y. Propranolol ameliorates retinopathy of prematurity in mice by downregulating HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1250-1257. [PMID: 35986147 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness in infants, and elevation of HIF-1α through the PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways is implicated in ROP pathogenesis. The mechanism of action of propranolol in ROP remains controversial. We investigated the effect of propranolol on ROP and explored its potential mechanisms of action in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. METHODS OIR mice were first treated with propranolol intraperitoneally, and the retina integrity was measured by FITC-dextran and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and key signaling pathway proteins was determined using real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS FITC-dextran staining showed that propranolol treatment reduced damage to retinal morphology in OIR mice. Mice treated with propranolol showed a reduced number of nuclei of vascular endothelial cells penetrating the inner limiting membrane of the retina, confirming the therapeutic effect of propranolol on ROP. Further analysis showed that HIF-1α and PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway protein levels were significantly elevated in OIR mice. In contrast, propranolol treatment downregulated the expression of these proteins, indicating that the PI3K/Akt/ERK/HIF-1α axis is associated with propranolol-induced ROP alleviation. CONCLUSIONS Propranolol has a therapeutic function against ROP, likely through the downregulation of HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway. IMPACT Propranolol can reduce the formation of abnormal retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models, and reduce leaking, tortuous, and abnormally expanding retinal blood vessels. Propranolol possibly improves OIR by inhibiting the activated ERK and HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, propranolol may downregulate HIF-1α via the PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway to ameliorate retinopathy of prematurity. This study elucidated that the therapeutic effect of propranolol in OIR mice does not involve the VEGFR-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Su
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peicen Zou
- Department of Neonatology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Guangran Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Ryu J. New Aspects on the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Currently Available Therapies and Emerging Novel Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8529. [PMID: 35955664 PMCID: PMC9369302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a rare proliferative ocular disorder in preterm infants. Because of the advancements in neonatal care, the incidence of ROP has increased gradually. Now, ROP is one of the leading causes of blindness in children. Preterm infants with immature retinal development are exposed to supplemental oxygen inside an incubator until their cardiopulmonary system is adequately developed. Once they are returned to room air, the relatively low oxygen level stimulates various angiogenesis factors initiating retinal neovascularization. If patients with ROP are not offered adequate and timely treatment, they can experience vision loss that may ultimately lead to permanent blindness. Although laser therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are widely used to treat ROP, they have limitations. Thus, it is important to identify novel therapeutics with minimal adverse effects for the treatment of ROP. To date, various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies have been assessed as treatments for ROP. In this review, the major molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of ROP, currently offered therapies, therapies under investigation, and emerging novel therapeutics of ROP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Ryu
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-539508583
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Ai J, Ma J, Chen ZQ, Sun JH, Yao K. An Endostatin-lentivirus (ES-LV)-EPC gene therapy agent for suppression of neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy rat model. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:57. [PMID: 32727534 PMCID: PMC7392664 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of gene transfected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has provided novel methods for tumor neovascularization therapy but not for ocular disease therapy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of endostatin transfected EPCs in retinal neovascularization therapy. RESULTS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed the high expression of endostatin in endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs. The neovascularization leakage area and the number of preretinal neovascular cell nuclei were significantly decreased in the endostatin-lentivirus and endostatin-lentivirus-EPC groups, and the effects of these two treatments on inhibiting retinal neovascularization were almost the same. These two groups also showed the greater retinal distribution of endostatin. Intravitreal injections of endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs inhibited retinal neovascularization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 expression, and increased endostatin expression in vivo. Endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs targeted and prevented pathologic retinal neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS Gene-combined EPCs represent a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Hui Sun
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Wang XA, Griffiths K, Foley M. Emerging Role of CXCR4 in Fibrosis. ANTI-FIBROTIC DRUG DISCOVERY 2020:211-234. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788015783-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its natural chemokine ligand CXCL12 promote pro-inflammatory responses in a variety of situations and this axis has emerged as a central player in tissue fibrosis. Although its role as a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a key player in various cancers has been well established, the role of CXCR4 in various types of fibrosis has emerged only recently. This review will explore the involvement of CXCR4 in the development of fibrosis, focusing mainly on lung, kidney and eye fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilun Anthony Wang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Bundoora Melbourne 3086 Australia
| | - Katherine Griffiths
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Bundoora Melbourne 3086 Australia
| | - Michael Foley
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Bundoora Melbourne 3086 Australia
- AdAlta Limited 15/2 Park Drive Bundoora 3083 Australia
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M2 macrophages promote vasculogenesis during retinal neovascularization by regulating bone marrow-derived cells via SDF-1/VEGF. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:469-486. [PMID: 31989253 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages promote vasculogenesis during retinal neovascularization (RNV) by increasing the recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs). Different subtypes of macrophages (M1 and M2 macrophages) are associated with RNV. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of BMCs by different macrophage subtypes during RNV remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of action of different macrophage subtypes that regulate BMCs during the development of RNV. The retinal avascular area and neovascularization (NV) tuft area in M2 macrophage group in vivo were the largest compared to those in the control phosphate buffer saline (PBS), unpolarized-M0, and M1 macrophage groups. The number of recruited green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive BMCs and the degree of differentiation of BMCs into CD31-positive endothelial cells (ECs) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were higher in the M2 macrophage group than in the other groups. M2-conditional medium (M2-CM) affected the in vitro migration and activation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs, a subset of BMCs) more than M1-CM. The expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in M2 macrophages and BMSCs cultured with M2-CM was also higher than that in M1 macrophages and BMSCs cultured with M1-CM. Migration of BMSCs was reduced after inhibiting the SDF-1 signaling pathway. Our results indicate that M2 macrophages may express significantly higher levels of SDF-1 and VEGF than M1 macrophages, thus regulating the recruitment and differentiation of BMCs and further aggravating vasculogenesis during RNV.
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Pan X, Lv Y. Effects and Mechanism of Action of PX-478 in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Mice. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 63:182-193. [PMID: 31955159 DOI: 10.1159/000504023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important risk factor for blindness in children due to neovascularization (NV). Hypoxia stimulates the formation of NV, as retinal hypoxia affects the stability and function of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors. The purpose of this study is to study the mechanism of ROP and provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of ROP. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we used a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) to demonstrate the effects of the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 on OIR, and to determine its mechanism of action, to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ROP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OIR mouse model was induced by exposing neonatal mouse pups and their mothers to 75 ± 5% oxygen from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P12, before being returned to room air from P12 to P17. Flat mount analyses were performed at P12 and P17. Hif1a, Hif2a, Hif3a, and Vegfa mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in OIR mice at P12 and P17. Hif1a and Vegfa mRNA were detected in OIR mice at P12 and P17 treatment with PX-478. Western blot analyses were used to assess the levels of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and EPO before and after treatment with PX-478 at P12 and P17. RESULTS Hif1a mRNA was increased in OIR mice at P12 and P17, while Vegfa mRNA was increased at P12 and P17. HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and EPO protein levels were increased in OIR mice at P12 and P17, as compared to control mice at the same age (all p < 0.05). Inhibition of HIF-1α by injection of PX-478 in OIR mice (P9-P16) caused a decrease in the retinal avascular area at P12 and P17 (both p < 0.05), NV areas at P17 (p < 0.05), Vegfa mRNA decreased at P12 and P17, as compared to control mice (p < 0.05), and VEGF-A and EPO protein levels at P12 and P17, as compared to control mice. Our study found that there were PX-478 both retina and vitreous body of OIR. Inhibition of HIF-1α by injection of PX-478 in OIR mice caused a decrease in the retinal avascular area at P12 and P17, NV areas decreased at P17, VEGF-A and EPO protein levels at P12 and P17. Endothelial cell migration assays and cell tube formation indication PX-478 attenuate cell migration and significantly weakened the cell cavity formation under the condition of hypoxia. CONCLUSION HIF-1α plays a main role in OIR and can be considered a therapeutic target in OIR by suppressing downstream angiogenic factors, PX-478 decreasing the retinal avascular area and NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, .,Department of Ophthalmology, Xian No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China,
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of 940 Military Command, Lanzhou, China
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Chen J, Li F, Xu Y, Zhang W, Hu Y, Fu Y, Xu W, Ge S, Fan X, Lu L. Cholesterol modification of SDF-1-specific siRNA enables therapeutic targeting of angiogenesis through Akt pathway inhibition. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:64-71. [PMID: 30898556 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization during ocular tissue repair can cause severe visual loss in the optical axis and is therefore an issue of considerable concern to ophthalmologists. Here, we introduced a cholesterol-modified siRNA delivery system targeting stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) to treat ocular angiogenesis in vivo. SDF-1 expression was analyzed in rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Migration ability of BMSC and HUVEC were assessed through transwell assay. The proliferation effect of chol-siSDF1 on HUVEC was measured by colony formation assay. In vivo anti-angiogenic effects of chol-siSDF1 were tested in a cornea alkali burn model and the area of cornea neovascularization was measured using computer-imaging analysis system. Then phosphorylated Akt and total Akt protein levels were measured through western blot. Results turned out that rat EPCs and BMSCs showed high SDF-1 mRNA expression, which can be down-regulated by using chol-siSDF-1. Chol-siSDF-1 could significantly inhibit migration of BMSC and HUVEC. In addition, chol-siSDF1 also could inhibit HUVEC proliferation and exert a significant anti-angiogenic effect in corneal alkali burn model. As for the mechanism, chol-siSDF1 may inhibit the neovascularization, proliferation and metastasis through inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway. Thus, cholesterol modification of siRNA targeting SDF-1 displays an effective inhibition of migration and angiogenesis, with a much longer duration of inhibition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yangfan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Linna Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, PR China.
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Zhang HB, Wang XD, Xu K, Li XG. The progress of prophylactic treatment in retinopathy of prematurity. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:858-873. [PMID: 29862189 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disorder frequently found in premature infants. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat ROP. However, there are still many children with ROP suffering by severe limitations in vision or even blindness. Recently, ROP has been suggested to be caused by abnormal development of the retinal vasculature, but not simply resulted by retinal neovascularization which takes about 4 to 6wk after birth in premature infants. Thus, instead of focusing on how to reduce retinal neovascularization, understanding the pathological changes and mechanisms that occur prior to retinal neovascularization is meaningful, which may lead to identify novel target(s) for the development of novel strategy to promote the healthy growth of retinal blood vessels rather than passively waiting for the appearance of retinal neovascularization and removing it by force. In this review, we discussed recent studies about, 1) the pathogenesis prior to retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR; a ROP in animal model) and in premature infants with ROP; 2) the preclinical and clinical research on preventive treatment of early OIR and ROP. We will not only highlight the importance of the mechanisms and signalling pathways in regulating early stage of ROP but also will provide guidance for actively exploring novel mechanisms and discovering novel treatments for early phase OIR and ROP prior to retinal neovascularization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bing Zhang
- Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Eye Institute of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Zhou HY, Wang S, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang WS. Inhibiting the effect of (90)Sr-(90)Y ophthalmic applicators on rat corneal neovascularization induced by sutures. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1251-4. [PMID: 27672586 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate a practical technique used to inhibit corneal angiogenesis with a (90)Sr-(90)Y ophthalmic applicator. METHODS A (90)Sr-(90)Y ophthalmic applicator was detected with a radioactive nuclide application treatment healthy protection standard. The applicator used was produced through medical dosimetry research; it had a concave applicator add measured the applicator temperature, serviceable humidity range, applicator appearance status, applicator radiation homogeneity, radioautography, and radiological safety of the original applicator surface. A vessel model was established using newborn rats, with sutures around the corneal limbus. Corneal neovascularization (CNV) were observed with a slit lamp. The new vessel length and response area were measured. RESULTS Low-dose radiation can inhibit CNV after corneal sutures. The absorbed dose of the applicator (0.046 Gy/s) was safe for the treatment of it. The lengths of new vessels and the areas of new vessels were lower than the new born vessel rat group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The optimal radiation dose emitting from the applicator can be safe and potentially used in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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12
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DeLeve LD, Wang X, Wang L. VEGF-sdf1 recruitment of CXCR7+ bone marrow progenitors of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells promotes rat liver regeneration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G739-46. [PMID: 26939868 PMCID: PMC4867332 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00056.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In liver injury, recruitment of bone marrow (BM) progenitors of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (sprocs) is necessary for normal liver regeneration. Hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central regulator of the recruitment process. We examine whether stromal cell-derived factor 1 [sdf1, or CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12)] acts downstream from VEGF to mediate recruitment of BM sprocs, what the sdf1 receptor type [CXC receptor (CXCR)-4 or CXCR7] is on sprocs, and whether sdf1 signaling is required for normal liver regeneration. Studies were performed in the rat partial hepatectomy model. Tracking studies of BM sprocs were performed in wild-type Lewis rats that had undergone BM transplantation from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive Lewis rats. Knockdown studies were performed using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Expression of sdf1 doubles in liver and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) after partial hepatectomy. Upregulation of sdf1 expression increases proliferation of sprocs in the BM, mobilization of CXCR7(+) BM sprocs to the circulation, and engraftment of CXCR7(+) BM sprocs in the liver and promotes liver regeneration. Knockdown of hepatic VEGF with ASOs decreases hepatic sdf1 expression and plasma sdf1 levels. When the effect of VEGF knockdown on sdf1 is offset by infusion of sdf1, VEGF knockdown-induced impairment of BM sproc recruitment after partial hepatectomy is completely attenuated and liver regeneration is normalized. These data demonstrate that the VEGF-sdf1 pathway regulates recruitment of CXCR7(+) BM sprocs to the hepatic sinusoid after partial hepatectomy and is required for normal liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie D. DeLeve
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Bhatta M, Ma JH, Wang JJ, Sakowski J, Zhang SX. Enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress in bone marrow angiogenic progenitor cells in a mouse model of long-term experimental type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2181-90. [PMID: 26063198 PMCID: PMC4529381 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Bone marrow-derived circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) play an important role in vascular repair. In diabetes, compromised functioning of the CACs contributes to the development of diabetic retinopathy; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which has recently been linked to endothelial injury, is involved in diabetic angiogenic dysfunction. METHODS Flow cytometric analysis was used to quantify bone marrow-derived progenitors (Lin(-)/c-Kit(+)/Sca-1(+)/CD34(+)) and blood-derived CACs (Sca-1(+)/CD34(+)) in 15-month-old Lepr (db) (db/db) mice and in their littermate control (db/+) mice used as a model of type 2 diabetes. Markers of ER stress in diabetic (db/db) and non-diabetic (db/+) bone marrow-derived early outgrowth cells (EOCs) and retinal vascular density were measured. RESULTS The numbers of bone-marrow progenitors and CACs were significantly reduced in db/db mice. Vascular density was markedly decreased in the retinas of db/db mice, and this was accompanied by vascular beading. Microglial activation was enhanced, as was the production of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The production of ER stress markers (glucose-regulated protein-78 [GRP-78], phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α [p-IRE-1α], phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α [p-eIF2α], activating transcription factor-4 [ATF4], C/EBP homologous protein [CHOP] and spliced X-box binding protein-1 [XBP1s]) was significantly increased in bone marrow-derived EOCs from db/db mice. In addition, mouse EOCs cultured in high-glucose conditions demonstrated higher levels of ER stress, reduced colony formation, impaired migration and increased apoptosis, all of which were largely prevented by the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, our results indicate that diabetes increases ER stress in bone marrow angiogenic progenitor cells. Thus, targeting ER stress may offer a new approach to improving angiogenic progenitor cell function and promoting vascular repair in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulasri Bhatta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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Lee YM, Kim CS, Jo K, Sohn EJ, Kim JS, Kim J. Inhibitory effect of Samul-tang on retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:271. [PMID: 26264147 PMCID: PMC4534021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization is a common cause of vision loss in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and age-related macular degeneration. Samul-tang (SMT) is a widely used traditional herbal medicine in East Asia and is also known as Shimotsu-to in Japanese and Si-Wu decoction in Chinese. This study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SMT on retinal pathogenic angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHOD The mice were exposed to a 75% concentration of oxygen for five days, starting on postnatal day 7 (P7-P12). The mice were then exposed to room air and were intraperitoneally injected with SMT (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) once per day for five days (P12-P16). On P17, we measured retinal neovascularization and evaluated both the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins and changes in the gene expression level in the mRNA. RESULTS SMT reduced the area of the central retina and reduced retinal neovascularization in OIR mice. The protein array revealed that SMT reduced the level of SDF-1 protein expression. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the HIF-1α, SDF-1, CXCR4 and VEGF mRNA levels in the retinas of OIR mice were elevated compared with those of normal control mice. However, SMT decreased the levels of HIF-1α, SDF-1, CXCR4 and VEGF mRNA in OIR mice. CONCLUSION We are the first to elucidate that SMT inhibits the retinal pathogenic angiogenesis induced by ischemic retinopathy in OIR mice. SMT significantly inhibited retinal neovascularization by downregulating HIF-1α, SDF-1, CXCR4 and VEGF. Based on the results of our study, SMT could be a useful herbal medicine for treating ischemic retinopathy.
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Villalvilla A, Gomez R, Roman-Blas JA, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. SDF-1 signaling: a promising target in rheumatic diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1077-87. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.930440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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