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Zheng Q, Liu H, Gao Y, Cao G, Wang Y, Li Z. Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Therapy of Parkinson's Disease. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311571. [PMID: 38385823 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most incurable central neurodegenerative disease resulting from various pathogenesis. As the "energy factory" of cells, mitochondria play an extremely important role in supporting neuronal signal transmission and other physiological activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause and accelerate the occurrence and progression of PD. How to effectively prevent and suppress mitochondrial disorders is a key strategy for the treatment of PD from the root. Therefore, the emerging mitochondria-targeted therapy has attracted considerable interest. Herein, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and PD, the causes and results of mitochondrial dysfunction, and major strategies for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction to treat PD are systematically reviewed. The study also prospects the main challenges for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zheng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development and College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guozhi Cao
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yusong Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Huang Y, Chen Q, Wang Z, Wang Y, Lian A, Zhou Q, Zhao G, Xia K, Tang B, Li B, Li J. Risk factors associated with age at onset of Parkinson's disease in the UK Biobank. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:3. [PMID: 38167894 PMCID: PMC10762149 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence shown that the age at onset (AAO) of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major determinant of clinical heterogeneity. However, the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in the AAO remain unclear. To investigate the risk factors with the AAO of PD, a total of 3156 patients with PD from the UK Biobank were included in this study. We evaluated the effects of polygenic risk scores (PRS), nongenetic risk factors, and their interaction on the AAO using Mann-Whitney U tests and regression analyses. We further identified the genes interacting with nongenetic risk factors for the AAO using genome-wide environment interaction studies. We newly found physical activity (P < 0.0001) was positively associated with AAO and excessive daytime sleepiness (P < 0.0001) was negatively associated with AAO, and reproduced the positive associations of smoking and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug intake and the negative association of family history with AAO. In the dose-dependent analyses, smoking duration (P = 1.95 × 10-6), coffee consumption (P = 0.0150), and tea consumption (P = 0.0008) were positively associated with AAO. Individuals with higher PRS had younger AAO (P = 3.91 × 10-5). In addition, we observed a significant interaction between the PRS and smoking for AAO (P = 0.0316). Specifically, several genes, including ANGPT1 (P = 7.17 × 10-7) and PLEKHA6 (P = 4.87 × 10-6), may influence the positive relationship between smoking and AAO. Our data suggests that genetic and nongenetic risk factors are associated with the AAO of PD and that there is an interaction between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Huang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Aojie Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
- Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital & Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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Mao Z, Hui H, Zhao X, Xu L, Qi Y, Yin L, Qu L, Han L, Peng J. Protective effects of dioscin against Parkinson's disease via regulating bile acid metabolism through remodeling gut microbiome/GLP-1 signaling. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1153-1167. [PMID: 38024855 PMCID: PMC10657977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to explore potent therapeutic agents via regulating gut microbiota and metabolism to combat Parkinson's disease (PD). Dioscin, a bioactive steroidal saponin, shows various activities. However, its effects and mechanisms against PD are limited. In this study, dioscin dramatically alleviated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and restored the disorders of mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 16 S rDNA sequencing assay demonstrated that dioscin reversed MPTP-induced gut dysbiosis to decrease Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundances of Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides and Lactobacillus genera, which further inhibited bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and blocked bile acid (BA) deconjugation. Fecal microbiome transplantation test showed that the anti-PD effect of dioscin was gut microbiota-dependent. In addition, non-targeted fecal metabolomics assays revealed many differential metabolites in adjusting steroid biosynthesis and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Moreover, targeted bile acid metabolomics assay indicated that dioscin increased the levels of ursodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid and β-muricholic acid in feces and serum. In addition, ursodeoxycholic acid administration markedly improved the protective effects of dioscin against PD in mice. Mechanistic test indicated that dioscin significantly up-regulated the levels of takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), GLP-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and down-regulated NADPH oxidases 2 (NOX2) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) levels. Our data indicated that dioscin ameliorated PD phenotype by restoring gut dysbiosis and regulating bile acid-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via targeting GLP-1 signal in MPTP-induced PD mice, suggesting that the compound should be considered as a prebiotic agent to treat PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Haochen Hui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Lan Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
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Li J, Xu Y, Liu T, Xu Y, Zhao X, Wei J. The Role of Exercise in Maintaining Mitochondrial Proteostasis in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097994. [PMID: 37175699 PMCID: PMC10179072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease and has serious health and socio-economic consequences. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the onset and progression of PD, and the use of mitochondria as a target for PD therapy has been gaining traction in terms of both recognition and application. The disruption of mitochondrial proteostasis in the brain tissue of PD patients leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which manifests as mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitophagy, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Physical exercise is important for the maintenance of human health, and has the great advantage of being a non-pharmacological therapy that is non-toxic, low-cost, and universally applicable. In this review, we investigate the relationships between exercise, mitochondrial proteostasis, and PD and explore the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial proteostasis in delaying PD through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiantao Zhao
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Moradi Vastegani S, Nasrolahi A, Ghaderi S, Belali R, Rashno M, Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03904-0. [PMID: 36943668 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder whose pathogenesis is not completely understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress have been considered as major causes and central events responsible for the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in PD. Therefore, investigating mitochondrial disorders plays a role in understanding the pathogenesis of PD and can be an important therapeutic target for this disease. This study discusses the effect of environmental, genetic and biological factors on mitochondrial dysfunction and also focuses on the mitochondrial molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, and its possible therapeutic targets in PD, including reactive oxygen species generation, calcium overload, inflammasome activation, apoptosis, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics. Other potential therapeutic strategies such as mitochondrial transfer/transplantation, targeting microRNAs, using stem cells, photobiomodulation, diet, and exercise were also discussed in this review, which may provide valuable insights into clinical aspects. A better understanding of the roles of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of PD may provide a rationale for designing novel therapeutic interventions in our fight against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rafie Belali
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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O’Reilly CL, Miller BF, Lewis TL. Exercise and mitochondrial remodeling to prevent age-related neurodegeneration. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:181-189. [PMID: 36519568 PMCID: PMC9829476 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00611.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy brain activity requires precise ion and energy management creating a strong reliance on mitochondrial function. Age-related neurodegeneration leads to a decline in mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress, with associated declines in mitochondrial mass, respiration capacity, and respiration efficiency. The interdependent processes of mitochondrial protein turnover and mitochondrial dynamics, known together as mitochondrial remodeling, play essential roles in mitochondrial health and therefore brain function. This mini-review describes the role of mitochondria in neurodegeneration and brain health, current practices for assessing both aspects of mitochondrial remodeling, and how exercise mitigates the adverse effects of aging in the brain. Exercise training elicits functional adaptations to improve brain health, and current literature strongly suggests that mitochondrial remodeling plays a vital role in these positive adaptations. Despite substantial implications that the two aspects of mitochondrial remodeling are interdependent, very few investigations have simultaneously measured mitochondrial dynamics and protein synthesis. An improved understanding of the partnership between mitochondrial protein turnover and mitochondrial dynamics will provide a better understanding of their role in both brain health and disease, as well as how they induce protection following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen L. O’Reilly
- 1Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- 1Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2Oklahoma City Veterans Association, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tommy L. Lewis
- 1Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Wu C, Yang L, Feng S, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu TCY, Duan R. Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and challenges. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:31. [PMID: 36184623 PMCID: PMC9527145 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and the most common form of dementia. Characterized by the loss of learning, memory, problem-solving, language, and other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients' and families' quality of life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AD, there is no cure for AD. The failure of numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple targeted non-invasive treatments. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of the most widely studied non-invasive therapies, including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exercise therapy. Firstly, we reviewed the pathological changes of AD and the challenges for AD studies. We then introduced these non-invasive therapies and discussed the factors that may affect the effects of these therapies. Additionally, we review the effects of these therapies and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the non-invasive treatments in future AD studies and clinical applications. We concluded that it would be critical to understand the exact underlying mechanisms and find the optimal treatment parameters to improve the translational value of these non-invasive therapies. Moreover, the combined use of non-invasive treatments is also a promising research direction for future studies and sheds light on the future treatment or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luoman Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Targeting Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1499-1518. [PMID: 35951210 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is among the most critical challenges that involve modern societies and annually influences millions of patients worldwide. While the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated, the role of mitochondrial is demonstrated. The in vitro and in vivo models and genome-wide association studies in human cases proved that specific genes, including PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, SNCA, and LRRK2, linked mitochondrial dysfunction with PD. Also, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of PD. Targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic approach to inhibit or slow down PD formation and progression seems to be an exciting issue. The current review summarized known mutations associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and PD. The significance of mtDNA in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and potential PD therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction was then discussed.
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Mao Z, Gao M, Zhao X, Li L, Peng J. Neuroprotective Effect of Dioscin against Parkinson’s Disease via Adjusting Dual-Specificity phosphatase 6(DUSP6)-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103151. [PMID: 35630630 PMCID: PMC9146847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of lead compounds against Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease, is of great important. Dioscin, a bioactive natural product, shows various pharmacological effects. However, the activities and mechanisms of dioscin against PD have not been well investigated. In this study, the tests on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PC12 cells and rats were carried out. The results showed that dioscin dramatically improved cell viability, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, improved motor behavior and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) levels and restored the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats. Mechanism investigation showed that dioscin not only markedly increased the expression level of dual- specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) by 1.87-fold in cells and 2.56-fold in rats, and decreased phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) level by 2.12-fold in cells and 2.34-fold in rats, but also increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased the levels of kelch-1ike ECH-associated protein l (Keap1) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DUSP6 siRNA transfection experiment in PC12 cells validated the protective effects of dioscin against PD via regulating DUSP6 to adjust the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Our data supported that dioscin has protection against PD in regulating oxidative stress via DUSP6 signal, which should be considered as an efficient candidate for the treatment of PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
- College of Intergrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (J.P.); Tel.: +86-411-8611-0411
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (J.P.); Tel.: +86-411-8611-0411
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10
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McCully JD, Del Nido PJ, Emani SM. Mitochondrial Transplantation for Organ Rescue. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:27-33. [PMID: 35217248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation involves the replacement or augmentation of native mitochondria damaged, by ischemia, with viable, respiration-competent mitochondria isolated from non-ischemic tissue obtained from the patient's own body. The uptake and cellular functional integration of the transplanted mitochondria appears to occur in all cell types. Efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in cell culture, isolated perfused organ, in vivo large animal studies and in a first-human clinical study. Herein, we review our findings and provide insight for use in the treatment of organ ischemia- reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospita; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospita; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sitaram M Emani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospita; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Real CC. The effects of treadmill exercise in animal models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1056-1075. [PMID: 34688727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disabling brain disorder. Physical exercise has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of PD and, consequently, improve patient quality of life. Exercise mechanisms involved in beneficial effects on PD have been widely investigated. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the use of treadmill exercise in PD animal models. The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI databases. In total, 78 studies were included. The dopaminergic system, behavior, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, mitochondria, and musculoskeletal systems were some of the outcomes evaluated by the selected studies. Based on the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tool, the methodologies revealed a high risk of bias and lack of information about study design, which needs attention for data reproducibility. This review can guide future studies that aim to fill existing gaps regarding the effects of treadmill exercise in PD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia F Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Nhu NT, Cheng YJ, Lee SD. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Neural Mitochondrial Functions in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1011. [PMID: 34440215 PMCID: PMC8394716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review sought to determine the effects of treadmill exercise on the neural mitochondrial respiratory deficiency and neural mitochondrial quality-control dysregulation in Parkinson's disease. PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched through March 2020. The English-published animal studies that mentioned the effects of treadmill exercise on neural mitochondria in Parkinson's disease were included. The CAMARADES checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Ten controlled trials were included (median CAMARADES score = 5.7/10) with various treadmill exercise durations (1-18 weeks). Seven studies analyzed the neural mitochondrial respiration, showing that treadmill training attenuated complex I deficits, cytochrome c release, ATP depletion, and complexes II-V abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. Nine studies analyzed the neural mitochondrial quality-control, reporting that treadmill exercise improved mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy in Parkinson's disease. The review findings supported the hypothesis that treadmill training could attenuate both neural mitochondrial respiratory deficiency and neural mitochondrial quality-control dysregulation in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that treadmill training might slow down the progression of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Nhu
- Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 94117, Vietnam;
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Liu ZQ, Liu K, Liu ZF, Cong L, Lei MY, Ma Z, Li J, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Manganese-induced alpha-synuclein overexpression aggravates mitochondrial damage by repressing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112213. [PMID: 33862121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure is related to elevated risks of neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a critical pathophysiological feature of Mn neurotoxicity. Although previous research has demonstrated Mn-induced alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression, the role of α-Syn in mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we used Wistar rats and human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying how α-Syn overexpression induced by different doses of Mn (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) results in mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that Mn-induced neural cell injury was associated with mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, Mn upregulated α-Syn protein levels and increased the interaction between α-Syn and mitochondria. We then used a lentivirus vector containing α-Syn shRNA to examine the effect of Mn-induced α-Syn protein on PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data demonstrated that the knockdown of α-Syn decreased the interaction between α-Syn and PINK1. The enhanced level of phosphorylated Parkin (p-Parkin) was due to the decrease of the interaction between α-Syn and PINK1. Moreover, the knockdown of α-Syn increased recruitment of p-Parkin to mitochondria. Collectively, these observations revealed that Mn-induced α-Syn overexpression repressed PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and exacerbated mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhuo-Fan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Meng-Yu Lei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Soke F, Kocer B, Fidan I, Keskinoglu P, Guclu-Gunduz A. Effects of task-oriented training combined with aerobic training on serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled study. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111384. [PMID: 33965556 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Exercise training, which is incorporated both goal-based training such as task-oriented training (TOT) and aerobic training (AT), has been suggested to induce neuroprotection. However, molecular mechanisms which may underlie exercise-induced neuroprotection are still largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TOT combined with AT (TOT-AT) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived growth factor (GDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in people with PD (PwPD). METHODS Forty PwPD were randomized into 8-week of either exercise group (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). The exercise group received TOT-AT while the control group received only AT. Serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels determined with ELISA were assessed at baseline and after training. RESULTS A total of 29 PwPD completed this study. Our results showed no significant change in the serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in both groups. After the intervention period, no significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. CONCLUSION TOT-AT could not be an effective exercise method for changing serum concentrations of BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the rehabilitation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Soke
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Kocer
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isil Fidan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pembe Keskinoglu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Guclu-Gunduz
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
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Marchetti B. Nrf2/Wnt resilience orchestrates rejuvenation of glia-neuron dialogue in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101664. [PMID: 32863224 PMCID: PMC7395594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have long been recognized to contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), a common movement disorder characterized by the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes and mechanisms still remain elusive, but a complex interplay between several genes and a number of interconnected environmental factors, are chiefly involved in mDAn demise, as they intersect the key cellular functions affected in PD, such as the inflammatory response, mitochondrial, lysosomal, proteosomal and autophagic functions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 -like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling cascade, a vital pathway for mDAn neurogenesis and neuroprotection, emerge as critical intertwinned actors in mDAn physiopathology, as a decline of an Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin prosurvival axis with age underlying PD mutations and a variety of noxious environmental exposures drive PD neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, astrocytes, the so-called "star-shaped" cells, harbouring an arsenal of "beneficial" and "harmful" molecules represent the turning point in the physiopathological and therapeutical scenario of PD. Fascinatingly, "astrocyte's fil rouge" brings back to Nrf2/Wnt resilience, as boosting the Nrf2/Wnt resilience program rejuvenates astrocytes, in turn (i) mitigating nigrostriatal degeneration of aged mice, (ii) reactivating neural stem progenitor cell proliferation and neuron differentiation in the brain and (iii) promoting a beneficial immunomodulation via bidirectional communication with mDAns. Then, through resilience of Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin anti-ageing, prosurvival and proregenerative molecular programs, it seems possible to boost the inherent endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Here, the cellular and molecular aspects as well as the therapeutical options for rejuvenating glia-neuron dialogue will be discussed together with major glial-derived mechanisms and therapies that will be fundamental to the identification of novel diagnostic tools and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), to fight ageing and nigrostriatal DAergic degeneration and promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy.
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Neuroprotective effect of regular swimming exercise on calretinin-positive striatal neurons of Parkinsonian rats. Anat Sci Int 2020; 95:429-439. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Singulani MP, Pereira CPM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Real CC, Britto LR. Physical exercise protects against mitochondria alterations in the 6-hidroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 387:112607. [PMID: 32199987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is typicaly caractherized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, as well as the presence of mitochondrial impairments. Although physical exercise is known to promote many beneficial effects in healthy subjects, such as enhancing mitocondrial biogenesis and function, it is not clear if these effects are evident after exercise in individuals with PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different protocol durations on motor behavior (aphomorphine and gait tests), mitochondrial biogenesis signaling (PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM), structure (oxidative phosphorylation system protein levels) and respiratory chain activity (complex I) in a unilateral PD rat model. For this, male Wistar rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine unilaterally into the striatum and submitted to an intermitent moderate treadmill exercise for one or four weeks. In the gait test, only stride width data revealed an improvement after one week of exercise. On the other hand, after 4 weeks of the exercise protocol all gait parameters analyzed and the aphomorphine test demonstrated a recovery. Analysis of protein revealed that one week of exercise was able to prevent PGC-1α and NRF-1 expression decrease in PD animals. In addition, after four weeks of physical exercise, besides PGC-1α and NRF-1, reduction in TFAM and complex I protein levels and increased complex I activity were also prevented in PD animals. Thus, our results suggest a neuroprotective and progressive effect of intermittent treadmill exercise, which could be related to its benefits on mitochondrial biogenesis signaling and respiratory chain modulation of the dopaminergic system in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Patricio Singulani
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Parga Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Palasz E, Niewiadomski W, Gasiorowska A, Wysocka A, Stepniewska A, Niewiadomska G. Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection and Recovery of Motor Function in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1143. [PMID: 31736859 PMCID: PMC6838750 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is manifested by progressive motor, autonomic, and cognitive disturbances. Dopamine (DA) synthesizing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) degenerate, causing a decline in DA level in the striatum that leads to the characteristic movement disorders. A disease-modifying therapy to arrest PD progression remains unattainable with current pharmacotherapies, most of which cause severe side effects and lose their efficacy with time. For this reason, there is a need to seek new therapies supporting the pharmacological treatment of PD. Motor therapy is recommended for pharmacologically treated PD patients as it alleviates the symptoms. Molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of motor therapy are unknown, nor is it known whether such therapy may be neuroprotective in PD patients. Due to obvious limitations, human studies are unlikely to answer these questions; therefore, the use of animal models of PD seems indispensable. Motor therapy in animal models of PD characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects, and the completeness of neuronal protection may depend on (i) degree of neuronal loss, (ii) duration and intensity of exercise, and (iii) time elapsed between insult and commencing of training. As the physical activity is neuroprotective for dopaminergic neurons, the question arises what is the mechanism of this protective action. A current hypothesis assumes a central role of neurotrophic factors in the neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons, even though it is still not clear whether increased DA level in the nigrostriatal axis results from neurogenesis of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, recovery of the phenotype of dopaminergic neurons, increased sprouting of the residual dopaminergic axons in the striatum, or generation of local striatal neurons from inhibitory interneurons. In the present review, we discuss studies describing the influence of physical exercise on the PD-like changes manifested in animal models of the disease and focus our interest on the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of neuroprotection induced by physical activity as a supportive therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Palasz
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gasiorowska
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Wysocka
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stepniewska
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
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Chen P, Li X. Study on Effect of Striatal mGluR2/3 in Alleviating Motor Dysfunction in Rat PD Model Treated by Exercise Therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:255. [PMID: 31632264 PMCID: PMC6783497 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise therapy has been widely applied in clinical rehabilitation as an important practical and side effect-free adjuvant therapy, with a significant effect in alleviating motor dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or animal PD models. This study focuses on the effect of exercise therapy in reducing the concentration of extracellular glutamate (Glu) in the striatum in a rat PD model by upregulating the expression of group II metabotropic Glu receptor (mGluR2/3), so as to alleviate motor dysfunction in the rat PD model. Methods: Neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rats to establish the semi-lateral cerebral damage PD model. The sham-operated group was given an equal amount of normal saline at the same site and taken as the control group. The apomorphine (APO)-induced rotational behavior test combined with immunohistochemical staining with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum was performed to assess the reliability of the model. The exercise group was given treadmill exercise intervention for 4 weeks (11 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) 1 week after the operation. The open field test (OFT) was performed to assess the locomotor activity of the rats; the Western blot technique was used to detect SNc TH and striatal mGluR2/3 protein expressions; real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect striatal mGluR2 and mGluR3 mRNA expressions; the microdialysis-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adopted to detect the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons. Results: Compared with the control group, the number of rotations of each model group at the first week was significantly increased (P < 0.01); compared with the PD group, the number of rotations of the PD + exercise group at the third week and the fifth week was significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity of each model group at the first week were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); compared with the PD group, the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity of the PD + exercise group at the third week and the fifth week were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the count of immunopositive cells and protein expression of SNc TH, and the content of immunopositive fiber terminals in the striatal TH of each model group significantly declined (P < 0.01). Compared with the PD group, the striatal mGluR2/3 protein expression of the PD + exercise group significantly rose (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons of each model group at the first week significantly grew (P < 0.05); compared with the PD group, the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons of the PD + exercise group at the third week and the fifth week was significantly decreased (P < 0.01); compared with the PD + exercise group, the concentration of extracellular Glu in striatal neurons of the group injected with mGluR2/3 antagonist (RS)-1-amino-5-phosphonoindan-1-carboxylic acid (APICA) into the striatum at the third week and the fifth week was significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the striatal mGluR2/3 protein expression of the PD group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.01); compared with the PD group, the striatal mGluR2/3 protein expression of the PD + exercise group was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the striatal mGluR3 mRNA expression of the PD group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.01); compared with the PD group, the striatal mGluR3 mRNA expression of the PD + exercise group was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01); 6-OHDA damage and exercise intervention had no significant effect on the striatal mGluR2 mRNA expression (P > 0.05). Compared with the PD + exercise group, the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity of the PD + exercise + APICA group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); compared with the PD group, the PD + exercise + APICA group had no significant change in the total movement distance, the total movement time, and the mean velocity (P > 0.05). Conclusion: These data collectively demonstrate that the mGluR2/3-mediated glutamatergic transmission in the striatum is sensitive to dopamine (DA) depletion and may serve as a target of exercise intervention for mediating the therapeutic effect of exercise intervention in a rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- College of Sport Science, JiShou Univerity, JiShou, China
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Sport Science, JiShou Univerity, JiShou, China
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Grünewald A, Kumar KR, Sue CM. New insights into the complex role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 177:73-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Amara AW, Chahine L, Seedorff N, Caspell-Garcia CJ, Coffey C, Simuni T. Self-reported physical activity levels and clinical progression in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 61:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Koo JH, Kang EB. Effects of treadmill exercise on the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress in the brains of high-fat diet fed rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:28-35. [PMID: 31010272 PMCID: PMC6477818 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue and mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Obesity was induced in experimental animals using high fat feed, and the experimental groups were divided into a normal diet-control (ND-CON; n=12), a high fat diet-control (HFD-CON; n=12) and a high fat diet-treadmill exercise (HFD-TE; n=12) group. The rats were subsequently subjected to treadmill exercise (progressively increasing load intensity) for 8 weeks (5 min at 8 m/min, then 5 min at 11 m/min, and finally 20 min at 14 m/min). We assessed weight, triglyceride (TG) concentration, total cholesterol (TC), area under the curve, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and AVF/body weight. Western blotting was used to examine expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the immunoreactivity of gp91phox. RESULTS Treadmill exercise effectively improved the oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue, expression of mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins, and activation of NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) and induced weight, blood profile, and abdominal fat loss. CONCLUSION Twenty weeks of high fat diet induced obesity, which was shown to inhibit normal mitochondria fusion and fission functions in hippocampal tissues. However, treadmill exercise was shown to have positive effects on these pathophysiological phenomena. Therefore, treadmill exercise should be considered during prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.
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Lin TW, Tsai SF, Kuo YM. Physical Exercise Enhances Neuroplasticity and Delays Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Plast 2018; 4:95-110. [PMID: 30564549 PMCID: PMC6296269 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that exercise can improve learning and memory as well as attenuate neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in various brain regions, exercise also modulates systems like angiogenesis and glial activation that are known to support neuroplasticity. Moreover, exercise helps to maintain a cerebral microenvironment that facilitates synaptic plasticity by enhancing the clearance of Aβ, one of the main culprits of AD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the positive impacts of exercise on promoting neuroplasticity. Possible mechanisms involved in exercise-modulated neuroplasticity are also discussed. Undoubtedly, more studies are needed to design an optimal personalized exercise protocol for enhancing brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Modulation of mitochondrial phenotypes by endurance exercise contributes to neuroprotection against a MPTP-induced animal model of PD. Life Sci 2018; 209:455-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Induction of brain Nrf2-HO-1 pathway and antinociception after different physical training paradigms in mice. Life Sci 2018; 209:149-156. [PMID: 30077767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway is a major mechanism in the cellular defense against oxidative or electrophilic stress through conjugative reactions and by enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity. Although exercise training up-regulates antioxidant defenses system, while information regarding the intensity levels of physical exercise that acts on the cellular protection systems is limited. MAIN METHODS The present study evaluated the effects of different durations and intensities of physical exercise on the hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expression and related protein content and the nociception thresholds in adult C57Bl male mice. Exercise training consisted of daily running on a 10-lane rodent motor-driven treadmill for either 3 or 7 weeks at three different intensities. Pain responses were evaluated after exercise and in untrained mice by Von Frey hair test and cold plate test. KEY FINDINGS This study confirmed that only vigorous and longer duration aerobic exercise increased Nrf2 protein level in the hippocampus and HO-1 protein level in the cortex and reduced pain perception. Mechanical and thermal hypoalgesia were only observed in exercise groups after 7 weeks of physical training. SIGNIFICANCE The overall findings in this study confirm that only the long duration intensive forced exercise reduced inflammatory pain by induction of Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway.
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Bajracharya R, Ballard JWO. Dietary management and physical exercise can improve climbing defects and mitochondrial activity in Drosophila melanogaster parkin null mutants. Fly (Austin) 2018; 12:95-104. [PMID: 30068249 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2018.1482139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can improve gait, balance, tremor, flexibility, grip strength and motor coordination in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Several lines of evidence have also shown the therapeutic potential of dietary management and supplementation in halting the progression of PD. However, there is a lack of research on the combined effects of physical activity and nutrition in the progression of PD. We test the effects exercise and dietary modification in a Drosophila model of PD. In this study, we fed Drosophila parkin mutants high protein and high carbohydrate diets without and with stearic acid (4 treatments in total). In parallel, we subjected mutants to a regimen of exercise using a purpose-built 'Power tower' exercise machine. We then measured climbing ability, aconitase activity, and basal mitochondrial ROS levels. We observed that exercising parkin mutants fed the high protein diet improved their climbing ability and increased aconitase activity. There was an additional improvement in climbing and aconitase activity in exercised parkin mutants fed the high protein diet supplemented with stearic acid. No benefits of exercise were seen in parkin mutants fed the high carbohydrate diet. Combined, these results suggest that dietary management along with physical activty has potential to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and delay the progression of PD in Drosophila parkin mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Bajracharya
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - J William O Ballard
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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