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Meng D, Ai S, Spanos M, Shi X, Li G, Cretoiu D, Zhou Q, Xiao J. Exercise and microbiome: From big data to therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5434-5445. [PMID: 38022690 PMCID: PMC10665598 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a vital component in maintaining optimal health and serves as a prospective therapeutic intervention for various diseases. The human microbiome, comprised of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in overall health. Given the advancements in microbiome research, substantial databases have been created to decipher the functionality and mechanisms of the microbiome in health and disease contexts. This review presents an initial overview of microbiomics development and related databases, followed by an in-depth description of the multi-omics technologies for microbiome. It subsequently synthesizes the research pertaining to exercise-induced modifications of the microbiome and diseases that impact the microbiome. Finally, it highlights the potential therapeutic implications of an exercise-modulated microbiome in intestinal disease, obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and immune/inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Meng
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Songwei Ai
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaohui Shi
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020031, Romania
- Materno-Fetal Assistance Excellence Unit, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest 011062, Romania
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Chen J, Zhu T, Yu D, Yan B, Zhang Y, Jin J, Yang Z, Zhang B, Hao X, Chen Z, Yan C, Yu J. Moderate Intensity of Treadmill Exercise Rescues TBI-Induced Ferroptosis, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Impairments via Suppressing STING Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4872-4896. [PMID: 37193866 PMCID: PMC10415513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a universal leading cause of long-term neurological disability and causes a huge burden to an ever-growing population. Moderate intensity of treadmill exercise has been recognized as an efficient intervention to combat TBI-induced motor and cognitive disorders, yet the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Ferroptosis is known to be highly implicated in TBI pathophysiology, and the anti-ferroptosis effects of treadmill exercise have been reported in other neurological diseases except for TBI. In addition to cytokine induction, recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in ferroptosis. Therefore, we examined the possibility that treadmill exercise might inhibit TBI-induced ferroptosis via STING pathway. In this study, we first found that a series of ferroptosis-related characteristics, including abnormal iron homeostasis, decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), and increased lipid peroxidation, were detected at 44 days post TBI, substantiating the involvement of ferroptosis at the chronic stage following TBI. Furthermore, treadmill exercise potently decreased the aforementioned ferroptosis-related changes, suggesting the anti-ferroptosis role of treadmill exercise following TBI. In addition to alleviating neurodegeneration, treadmill exercise effectively reduced anxiety, enhanced spatial memory recovery, and improved social novelty post TBI. Interestingly, STING knockdown also obtained the similar anti-ferroptosis effects after TBI. More importantly, overexpression of STING largely reversed the ferroptosis inactivation caused by treadmill exercise following TBI. To conclude, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise rescues TBI-induced ferroptosis and cognitive deficits at least in part via STING pathway, broadening our understanding of neuroprotective effects induced by treadmill exercise against TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyu Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jungong Jin
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuojin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Hao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhennan Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China.
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Li J, Xu Y, Liu T, Xu Y, Zhao X, Wei J. The Role of Exercise in Maintaining Mitochondrial Proteostasis in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097994. [PMID: 37175699 PMCID: PMC10179072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease and has serious health and socio-economic consequences. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the onset and progression of PD, and the use of mitochondria as a target for PD therapy has been gaining traction in terms of both recognition and application. The disruption of mitochondrial proteostasis in the brain tissue of PD patients leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which manifests as mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitophagy, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Physical exercise is important for the maintenance of human health, and has the great advantage of being a non-pharmacological therapy that is non-toxic, low-cost, and universally applicable. In this review, we investigate the relationships between exercise, mitochondrial proteostasis, and PD and explore the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial proteostasis in delaying PD through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiantao Zhao
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Zhu X, He L, Gao W, Zhao Z. Neuroprotective investigation of tanshinone in the cerebral infarction model in the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:390-402. [PMID: 36066030 PMCID: PMC9879188 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of tanshinone after cerebral infarction via the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant reaction element (ARE) signaling pathway. Forty specific pathogen-free (SPF) Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were selected, all of which were male, approximately seven weeks old, weighing 250 ± 25 g. They were randomly divided into a model group, a non-model operation group, a positive control group, and an experimental group with ten SD rats in each group. The model of cerebral infarction in rats was established by the wire occlusion method. The model group and non-model operation group (control group) were injected with normal saline daily, the negative control group was injected with Keap1 gene inhibitor daily, and the experimental group was injected with tanshinone IIA (10 mg·kg-1·d-1) daily. Animal behavior analysis was performed on the 7th day after the operation, and pathology and the neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA on cells were assessed, including cell proliferation, autophagy, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial membrane permeability. The neuroprotective mechanism based on the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway was explored and analyzed. Compared with the model group, the number of Keap1 proteins in the experimental group and the control group was substantially reduced (P < 0.05), and the experimental group was substantially different from the model group (P < 0.01). The protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 increased substantially (P < 0.05), and the experimental group was substantially different from the model group (P < 0.01). In summary, tanshinone IIA promoted the proliferation of nerve cells, inhibited the production of cellular reactive oxygen species, inhibited the change in mitochondrial membrane potential, and activated the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. It also induced and regulated the upregulation of downstream NQO1, HO-1, etc. and protected cells from cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Department of Neurology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Qiu Y, Fernández-García B, Lehmann HI, Li G, Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Xiao J. Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:8-35. [PMID: 36374766 PMCID: PMC9923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise. This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions. We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Benjamin Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cáncer (CIBERONC), Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Sun L, Liu T, Liu J, Gao C, Zhang X. Physical exercise and mitochondrial function: New therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Neurol 2022; 13:929781. [PMID: 36158946 PMCID: PMC9491238 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.929781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, are a burden to society. Deficits of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) have been widely considered the main hallmark of psychiatric diseases as well as neurodegeneration. Herein, exploring applicable targets for improving hippocampal neural plasticity could provide a breakthrough for the development of new treatments. Emerging evidence indicates the broad functions of mitochondria in regulating cellular behaviors of neural stem cells, neural progenitors, and mature neurons in adulthood could offer multiple neural plasticities for behavioral modulation. Normalizing mitochondrial functions could be a new direction for neural plasticity enhancement. Exercise, a highly encouraged integrative method for preventing disease, has been indicated to be an effective pathway to improving both mitochondrial functions and AHN. Herein, the relative mechanisms of mitochondria in regulating neurogenesis and its effects in linking the effects of exercise to neurological diseases requires a systematic summary. In this review, we have assessed the relationship between mitochondrial functions and AHN to see whether mitochondria can be potential targets for treating neurological diseases. Moreover, as for one of well-established alternative therapeutic approaches, we summarized the evidence to show the underlying mechanisms of exercise to improve mitochondrial functions and AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of P.E and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Sun
| | - Tianbiao Liu
- College of P.E and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- College of P.E and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Xiaohui Zhang
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Chong Gao
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Molecular characterization and expression profiling of caveolin-1 from Amphiprion clarkii and elucidation of its involvement in antiviral response and redox homeostasis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang S, Ichinomiya T, Terada Y, Wang D, Patel HH, Head BP. Synapsin-Promoted Caveolin-1 Overexpression Maintains Mitochondrial Morphology and Function in PSAPP Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Cells 2021; 10:2487. [PMID: 34572135 PMCID: PMC8467690 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology. Disrupted mitochondrial dynamics (i.e., fusion/fission balance), which are essential for normal mitochondria structure and function, are documented in AD. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a membrane/lipid raft (MLR) scaffolding protein regulates metabolic pathways in several different cell types such as hepatocytes and cancer cells. Previously, we have shown decreased expression of Cav-1 in the hippocampus of 9-month (m) old PSAPP mice, while hippocampal overexpression of neuron-targeted Cav-1 using the synapsin promoter (i.e., SynCav1) preserved cognitive function, neuronal morphology, and synaptic ultrastructure in 9 and 12 m PSAPP mice. Considering the central role of energy production in maintaining normal neuronal and synaptic function and survival, the present study reveals that PSAPP mice exhibit disrupted mitochondrial distribution, morphometry, and respiration. In contrast, SynCav1 mitigates mitochondrial damage and loss and enhances mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, by examining mitochondrial dynamics, we found that PSAPP mice showed a significant increase in the phosphorylation of mitochondrial dynamin-related GTPase protein (DRP1), resulting in excessive mitochondria fragmentation and dysfunction. In contrast, hippocampal delivery of SynCav1 significantly decreased p-DRP1 and augmented the level of the mitochondrial fusion protein, mitofusin1 (Mfn1) in PSAPP mice, a molecular event, which may mechanistically explain for the preserved balance of mitochondria fission/fusion and metabolic resilience in 12 m PSAPP-SynCav1 mice. Our data demonstrate the critical role for Cav-1 in maintaining normal mitochondrial morphology and function through affecting mitochondrial dynamics and explain a molecular and cellular mechanism underlying the previously reported neuroprotective and cognitive preservation induced by SynCav1 in PSAPP mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (S.W.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Taiga Ichinomiya
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (S.W.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528501, Japan
| | - Yuki Terada
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (S.W.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (S.W.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (S.W.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian P. Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (S.W.); (T.I.); (Y.T.); (D.W.)
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Navazani P, Vaseghi S, Hashemi M, Shafaati MR, Nasehi M. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Expression Level of BAX, BAD, BCL-2, BCL-XL, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the Hippocampus of Thimerosal-Treated Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1274-1284. [PMID: 33939098 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thimerosal (THIM) induces neurotoxic changes including neuronal death and releases apoptosis inducing factors from mitochondria to cytosol. THIM alters the expression level of factors involved in apoptosis. On the other hand, the anti-apoptotic effects of exercise have been reported. In this study, we aimed to discover the effect of three protocols of treadmill exercise on the expression level of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), BCL-2-associated death (BAD), BCL-2-associated X (BAX), BCL-XL, and BCL-2 (a pro-survival BCL-2 protein) in the hippocampus of control and THIM-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were used in this research. Real-time PCR was applied to assess genes expression. The results showed that THIM increased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAD and BAX), decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors (BCL-2 and BCL-XL), and decreased the expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM and PGC-1α). Treadmill exercise protocols reversed the effect of THIM on all genes. In addition, treadmill exercise protocols decreased the expression of BAD and BAX, increased the expression of BCL-2, and increased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α in control rats. In conclusion, THIM induced a pro-apoptotic effect and disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and stability, whereas treadmill exercise reversed these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Navazani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Shafaati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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