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Moldovan C, Onaciu A, Toma V, Munteanu RA, Gulei D, Moldovan AI, Stiufiuc GF, Feder RI, Cenariu D, Iuga CA, Stiufiuc RI. Current trends in luminescence-based assessment of apoptosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31641-31658. [PMID: 37908656 PMCID: PMC10613953 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05809c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, the most extensively studied type of cell death, is known to play a crucial role in numerous processes such as elimination of unwanted cells or cellular debris, growth, control of the immune system, and prevention of malignancies. Defective regulation of apoptosis can trigger various diseases and disorders including cancer, neurological conditions, autoimmune diseases and developmental disorders. Knowing the nuances of the cell death type induced by a compound can help decipher which therapy is more effective for specific diseases. The detection of apoptotic cells using classic methods has brought significant contribution over the years, but innovative methods are quickly emerging and allow more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms, aside from a simple quantification. Due to increased sensitivity, time efficiency, pathway specificity and negligible cytotoxicity, these innovative approaches have great potential for both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review aims to shed light on the importance of developing and using novel nanoscale methods as an alternative to the classic apoptosis detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Moldovan
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
| | - Valentin Toma
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
| | - Raluca A Munteanu
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
| | - Alin I Moldovan
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
| | - Gabriela F Stiufiuc
- Faculty of Physics, "Babes Bolyai" University Mihail Kogalniceanu Street No. 1 400084 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Richard I Feder
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
| | - Diana Cenariu
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
| | - Cristina A Iuga
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Louis Pasteur Street 6 Cluj-Napoca 400349 Romania
| | - Rares I Stiufiuc
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Marinescu 23/Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400337 Cluj-Napoca Romania +40-0726-34-02-78
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Louis Pasteur Street No. 4-6 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
- TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology 700483 Iasi Romania
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Murugesan A, Konda Mani S, Thiyagarajan R, Palanivel S, Gurbanov AV, Zubkov FI, Kandhavelu M. Benzenesulfonamide Analogs: Synthesis, Anti-GBM Activity and Pharmacoprofiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12276. [PMID: 37569654 PMCID: PMC10418358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) emerge as a potential target for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. Benzenesulfonamide analogs were identified as kinase inhibitors possessing promising anticancer properties. In the present work, four known and two novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities in TrkA overexpressing cells, U87 and MEF cells were investigated. The cytotoxic effect of benzenesulfonamide derivatives and cisplatin was determined using trypan blue exclusion assays. The mode of interaction of benzenesulfonamides with TrkA was predicted by docking and structural analysis. ADMET profiling was also performed for all compounds to calculate the drug likeness property. Appropriate QSAR models were developed for studying structure-activity relationships. Compound 4-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfon-amide (AL106) and 4-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (AL107) showed acceptable binding energies with the active sites for human nerve growth factor receptor, TrkA. Here, AL106 was identified as a potential anti-GBM compound, with an IC50 value of 58.6 µM with a less toxic effect in non-cancerous cells than the known chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. In silico analysis indicated that AL106 formed prominent stabilizing hydrophobic interactions with Tyr359, Ser371, Ile374 and charged interactions with Gln369 of TrkA. Furthermore, in silico analysis of all benzenesulfonamide derivatives revealed that AL106 has good pharmacokinetics properties, drug likeness and toxicity profiles, suggesting the compound may be suitable for clinical trial. Thus, benzenesulfonamide analog, AL106 could potentially induce GBM cell death through its interaction with TrkA and might be an attractive strategy for developing a drug targeted therapy to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Madurai Kamaraj University, Thallakulam, Madurai 625002, India;
- Molecular Signaling Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and BioMediTech, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Saravanan Konda Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai 600073, India;
| | - Ramesh Thiyagarajan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suresh Palanivel
- Molecular Signaling Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and BioMediTech, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Atash V. Gurbanov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Excellence Center, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and BioMediTech, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland;
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Elucidating the Anti-Tumorigenic Efficacy of Oltipraz, a Dithiolethione, in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193057. [PMID: 36231019 PMCID: PMC9562012 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor, displays a highly infiltrative growth pattern and remains refractory to chemotherapy. Phytochemicals carrying specificity and low cytotoxicity may serve as potent and safer alternatives to conventional chemotherapy for treating GBM. We have evaluated the anticancer effects of Oltipraz (Olt), a synthetic dithiolethione found in many vegetables, including crucifers. While Olt exposure was non-toxic to the HEK-293 cell line, it impaired the cell growth in three GBM cell lines (LN18, LN229, and U-87 MG), arresting those at the G2/M phase. Olt-exposed GBM cells induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial depolarization, caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation, and decreased glutathione, a natural ROS scavenger, as well as vimentin and β-catenin, the EMT-associated markers. Its effect on a subpopulation of GBM cells exhibiting glioblastoma stem cell (GSCs)-like characteristics revealed a reduced expression of Oct4, Sox2, CD133, CD44, and a decrease in ALDH+, Nestin+ and CD44+ cells. In contrast, there was an increase in the expression of GFAP and GFAP+ cells. The Olt also significantly suppressed the oncosphere-forming ability of cells. Its efficacy was further validated in vivo, wherein oral administration of Olt could suppress the ectopically established GBM tumor growth in SCID mice. However, there was no alteration in body weight, organ ratio, and biochemical parameters, reflecting the absence of any toxicity otherwise. Together, our findings could demonstrate the promising chemotherapeutic efficacy of Olt with potential implications in treating GBM.
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Kari S, Subramanian K, Altomonte IA, Murugesan A, Yli-Harja O, Kandhavelu M. Programmed cell death detection methods: a systematic review and a categorical comparison. Apoptosis 2022; 27:482-508. [PMID: 35713779 PMCID: PMC9308588 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is considered a key player in a variety of cellular processes that helps to regulate tissue growth, embryogenesis, cell turnover, immune response, and other biological processes. Among different types of cell death, apoptosis has been studied widely, especially in the field of cancer research to understand and analyse cellular mechanisms, and signaling pathways that control cell cycle arrest. Hallmarks of different types of cell death have been identified by following the patterns and events through microscopy. Identified biomarkers have also supported drug development to induce cell death in cancerous cells. There are various serological and microscopic techniques with advantages and limitations, that are available and are being utilized to detect and study the mechanism of cell death. The complexity of the mechanism and difficulties in distinguishing among different types of programmed cell death make it challenging to carry out the interventions and delay its progression. In this review, mechanisms of different forms of programmed cell death along with their conventional and unconventional methods of detection of have been critically reviewed systematically and categorized on the basis of morphological hallmarks and biomarkers to understand the principle, mechanism, application, advantages and disadvantages of each method. Furthermore, a very comprehensive comparative analysis has been drawn to highlight the most efficient and effective methods of detection of programmed cell death, helping researchers to make a reliable and prudent selection among the available methods of cell death assay. Conclusively, how programmed cell death detection methods can be improved and can provide information about distinctive stages of cell death detection have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kari
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kumar Subramanian
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilenia Agata Altomonte
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Akshaya Murugesan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai, 625002, India
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, WA, USA.,Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai, 625002, India.
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Roman G. Anticancer activity of Mannich bases: a review of recent literature. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200258. [PMID: 35678192 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes the latest published data on the antiproliferative action and cytotoxic activity of Mannich bases, a structurally heterogeneous category of chemical entities that includes compounds which are synthesized via the grafting of an aminomethyl function onto diverse substrates by means of the Mannich reaction. The present overview of the topic is an update to the information assembled in a previously published review that covered the literature up to 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Roman
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Inorganic polymers, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487, Iasi, ROMANIA
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