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Aypar U, Yao J, Londono DM, Khoobyar R, Scalise A, Arcila ME, Roshal M, Xiao W, Zhang Y. Rare and novel RUNX1 fusions in myeloid neoplasms: A single-institute experience. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:100-107. [PMID: 33078873 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome translocations involving the RUNX1 gene at 21q22 are recurring abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), that is, t(8;21) and t(3;21) and in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(12;21). These translocations result in the fusion of RUNX1 with RUNX1T1, MECOM, and ETV6, respectively, and are implicated in leukemogenesis. Here we describe 10 rare RUNX1 fusion gene partners, including six novel fusions, in myeloid neoplasia. Comprehensive molecular testing revealed the partner genes and features of these fusions in all the tested patients, and detected various recurring myeloid related gene mutations in eight patients. In two patients, RUNX1 mutations were identified. Most of these fusions were detected in patients with high-grade MDS and AML with a relatively short survival. Integration of conventional chromosome analysis, FISH testing and molecular genetic studies allow a comprehensive characterization of these rare RUNX1 fusions. Our study may help define myeloid neoplasms with rare and novel RUNX1 translocations and support appropriate patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Aypar
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinjuan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dory M Londono
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rose Khoobyar
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela Scalise
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria E Arcila
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Kawai H, Matsushita H, Suzuki R, Kitamura Y, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ando K. Overcoming Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Transformed Cell Harboring SEPT9-ABL1 Chimeric Fusion Protein. Neoplasia 2019; 21:788-801. [PMID: 31276931 PMCID: PMC6611969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies harboring various ABL1 fusions are expected to be sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), similar to those with BCR-ABL1. However, SEPT9-ABL1 exhibits TKI resistance both in vitro and in vivo. SEPT9-ABL1 has the same ABL1 region as seen in BCR-ABL1 but no point mutation in its kinase domain, which is one of the main mechanisms underlying TKI resistance in the leukemic cells harboring BCR-ABL1. The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism underlying TKI resistance induced by SEPT9-ABL1. We focused on the TP53 status because TKI-induced apoptosis in BCR-ABL1–positive cells is achieved through TP53. Mouse TP53 homologue TRP53 was downregulated and less phosphorylated in the cells expressing SEPT9-ABL1 than in those with BCR-ABL1, resulting in the prevention of apoptosis induced by TKIs. The CRM1 inhibitor KPT-330 accumulated nuclear TRP53 and NFKB1A (also known as IκBα), which is thought to capture TRP53 in the cytoplasm, and induced apoptosis in the hematopoietic cells expressing SEPT9-ABL1. In addition, the combination treatment of KPT-330 and imatinib, which induced the marked nuclear accumulation of PP2A and SET, reactivated PP2A through its dephosphorylation and inhibited SET expression, resulting in the effective induction of the apoptosis in the cells expressing SEPT9-ABL1. The combination treatment with KPT-330 and imatinib successfully reduced the subcutaneous masses expressing SEPT9-ABL1 and extended the survival of the mice intraperitoneally transplanted with SEPT9-ABL1–expressing cells. These results show that therapy with CRM1 inhibitors may be effective for overcoming TKI resistance induced by SEPT9-ABL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Kawai
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Matsushita
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rikio Suzuki
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Kitamura
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Research Center for Cancer Stem Cell, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Schrader A, Crispatzu G, Oberbeck S, Mayer P, Pützer S, von Jan J, Vasyutina E, Warner K, Weit N, Pflug N, Braun T, Andersson EI, Yadav B, Riabinska A, Maurer B, Ventura Ferreira MS, Beier F, Altmüller J, Lanasa M, Herling CD, Haferlach T, Stilgenbauer S, Hopfinger G, Peifer M, Brümmendorf TH, Nürnberg P, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Zha S, Hallek M, Moriggl R, Reinhardt HC, Stern MH, Mustjoki S, Newrzela S, Frommolt P, Herling M. Actionable perturbations of damage responses by TCL1/ATM and epigenetic lesions form the basis of T-PLL. Nat Commun 2018; 9:697. [PMID: 29449575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and poor-prognostic mature T-cell malignancy. Here we integrated large-scale profiling data of alterations in gene expression, allelic copy number (CN), and nucleotide sequences in 111 well-characterized patients. Besides prominent signatures of T-cell activation and prevalent clonal variants, we also identify novel hot-spots for CN variability, fusion molecules, alternative transcripts, and progression-associated dynamics. The overall lesional spectrum of T-PLL is mainly annotated to axes of DNA damage responses, T-cell receptor/cytokine signaling, and histone modulation. We formulate a multi-dimensional model of T-PLL pathogenesis centered around a unique combination of TCL1 overexpression with damaging ATM aberrations as initiating core lesions. The effects imposed by TCL1 cooperate with compromised ATM toward a leukemogenic phenotype of impaired DNA damage processing. Dysfunctional ATM appears inefficient in alleviating elevated redox burdens and telomere attrition and in evoking a p53-dependent apoptotic response to genotoxic insults. As non-genotoxic strategies, synergistic combinations of p53 reactivators and deacetylase inhibitors reinstate such cell death execution. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Here, the authors investigate the genomic landscape, gene expression profiles and functional mechanisms in 111 patients, highlighting TCL1 overexpression and ATM aberrations as core lesions which co-operate to impair DNA damage processing.
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Kao YC, Fletcher CD, Alaggio R, Wexler L, Zhang L, Sung YS, Orhan D, Chang WC, Swanson D, Dickson BC, Antonescu CR. Recurrent BRAF Gene Fusions in a Subset of Pediatric Spindle Cell Sarcomas: Expanding the Genetic Spectrum of Tumors With Overlapping Features With Infantile Fibrosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:28-38. [PMID: 28877062 PMCID: PMC5730460 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infantile fibrosarcomas (IFS) represent a distinct group of soft tissue tumors occurring in patients under 2 years of age and most commonly involving the extremities. Most IFS show recurrent ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusions, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and an overall favorable clinical outcome. However, outside these well-defined pathologic features, no studies have investigated IFS lacking ETV6-NTRK3 fusions, or tumors with the morphology resembling IFS in older children. This study was triggered by the identification of a novel SEPT7-BRAF fusion in an unclassified retroperitoneal spindle cell sarcoma in a 16-year-old female by targeted RNA sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization screening of 9 additional tumors with similar phenotype and lacking ETV6-NTRK3 identified 4 additional cases with BRAF gene rearrangements in the pelvic cavity (n=2), paraspinal region (n=1), and thigh (n=1) of young children (0 to 3 y old). Histologically, 4 cases including the index case shared a fascicular growth of packed monomorphic spindle cells, with uniform nuclei and fine chromatin, and a dilated branching vasculature; while the remaining case was composed of compact cellular sheets of short spindle to ovoid cells. In addition, a minor small blue round cell component was present in 1 case. Mitotic activity ranged from 1 to 9/10 high power fields. Immunohistochemical stains were nonspecific, with only focal smooth muscle actin staining demonstrated in 3 cases tested. Of the remaining 5 BRAF negative cases, further RNA sequencing identified 1 case with EML4-NTRK3 in an 1-year-old boy with a foot IFS, and a second case with TPM3-NTRK1 fusion in a 7-week-old infant with a retroperitoneal lesion. Our findings of recurrent BRAF gene rearrangements in tumors showing morphologic overlap with IFS expand the genetic spectrum of fusion-positive spindle cell sarcomas, to include unusual presentations, such as older children and adolescents and predilection for axial location, thereby opening new opportunities for kinase-targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chien Kao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital UPMC Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonard Wexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Shao Sung
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dicle Orhan
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wei-Chin Chang
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Medicine, Nursing, and Management College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - David Swanson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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