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Nejatian M, Ghandehari Yazdi AP, Fattahi R, Saberian H, Bazsefidpar N, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Improving the storage and oxidative stability of essential fatty acids by different encapsulation methods; a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129548. [PMID: 38246446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid are the only essential fatty acids (EFAs) known to the human body. Other fatty acids (FAs) of the omega-6 and omega-3 families originate from linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively, by the biological processes of elongation and desaturation. In diets with low fish consumption or vegetarianism, these FAs play an exclusive role in providing two crucial FAs for maintaining our body's vital functions; docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. However, these polyunsaturated FAs are inherently sensitive to oxidation, thereby adversely affecting the storage stability of oils containing them. In this study, we reviewed encapsulation as one of the promising solutions to increase the stability of EFAs. Accordingly, five main encapsulation techniques could be classified: (i) spray drying, (ii) freeze drying, (iii) emulsification, (iv) liposomal entrapment, and (v) other methods, including electrospinning/spraying, complex coacervation, etc. Among these, spray drying was the frequently applied technique for encapsulation of EFAs, followed by freeze dryers. In addition, maltodextrin and gum Arabic were the main wall materials in carriers. Paying attention to industrial scalability and lower cost of the encapsulation process by the other methods are the important aspects that should be given more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nejatian
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Pouya Ghandehari Yazdi
- Department of Research and Development, Zarmacaron Company, Zar Industrial and Research Group, Alborz, Iran.
| | - Reza Fattahi
- Department of Research and Development, Zarmacaron Company, Zar Industrial and Research Group, Alborz, Iran
| | - Hamed Saberian
- Technical Centre of Agriculture, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Bazsefidpar
- Department of Research and Development, Zarmacaron Company, Zar Industrial and Research Group, Alborz, Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan, Iran; Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
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Lammari N, Louaer O, Meniai AH, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Plant oils: From chemical composition to encapsulated form use. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120538. [PMID: 33781879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a burgeoning global movement towards essential and vegetable oils in the food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries thanks to their natural and safe status, broad acceptance by consumers, and versatile functional properties. However, efforts to develop new therapy or functional agents based on plant oils have met with challenges of limited stability and/or reduced efficacy. As a result, there has been increased research interest in the encapsulation of plant oils, whereby the nanocarriers serve as barrier between plant oils and the environment and control oil release leading to improved efficacy, reduced toxicity and enhanced patient compliance and convenience. In this review, special concern has been addressed to the encapsulation of essential and vegetable oils in three types of nanocarriers: polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. First, the chemical composition of essential and vegetable oils was handled. Moreover, we gather together the research findings reported by the literature regarding the different techniques used to generate these nanocarriers with their significant findings. Finally, differences and similarities between these nanocarriers are discussed, along with current and future applications that are warranted by their structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Lammari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ouahida Louaer
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abdeslam Hassen Meniai
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hatem Fessi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, LAGEP UMR 5007, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Martínez Rivas CJ, Tarhini M, Badri W, Miladi K, Greige-Gerges H, Nazari QA, Galindo Rodríguez SA, Román RÁ, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Nanoprecipitation process: From encapsulation to drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:66-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rodríguez J, Martín MJ, Ruiz MA, Clares B. Current encapsulation strategies for bioactive oils: From alimentary to pharmaceutical perspectives. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mishra N, Rai VK, Yadav KS, Sinha P, Kanaujia A, Chanda D, Jakhmola A, Saikia D, Yadav NP. Encapsulation of Mentha Oil in Chitosan Polymer Matrix Alleviates Skin Irritation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:482-92. [PMID: 26248538 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentha spicata L. var. viridis oil (MVO) is a potent antifungal agent, but its application in the topical treatment is limited due to its irritancy and volatility. It was aimed to develop more efficient, chitosan-incrusted MVO microspheres with reduced volatility and lesser irritancy and to dispense it in the form of ointment. Simple coacervation technique was employed to microencapsulate MVO in chitosan matrix. Morphological properties and polymer cross-linking were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Optimization was carried out on the basis of entrapment efficiency (EE) using response surface methodology. Well-designed microspheres having smooth surface and spherical shape were observed. EE (81.20%) of optimum batch (R21) was found at 1.62% w/v of cross-linker, 5.4:5 of MVO to chitosan ratio and at 1000 rpm. R21 showed 69.38 ± 1.29% in vitro MVO release in 12 h and 96.92% retention of MVO in microspheres even after 8 week. Ointments of PEG 4000 and PEG 400 comprising MVO (F1) and R21 (F2) were developed separately. F2 showed comparatively broader zone of growth inhibition (13.33 ± 1.76-18.67 ± 0.88 mm) and less irritancy (PII 0.5833, irritation barely perceptible) than that of F1. F2 was able to avoid the direct contact of mild irritant MVO with the skin and to reduce its rapid volatility. Controlled release of MVO helped in lengthening the duration of availability of MVO in agar media and hence improved its therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, a stable and non-irritant formulation with improved therapeutic potential was developed.
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Qu F, Zou X, Kong R, You J. A tunable pH-sensing system based on Ag nanoclusters capped by hyperbranched polyethyleneimine with different molecular weights. Talanta 2016; 146:549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wani TA, Shah AG, Wani SM, Wani IA, Masoodi FA, Nissar N, Shagoo MA. Suitability of Different Food Grade Materials for the Encapsulation of Some Functional Foods Well Reported for Their Advantages and Susceptibility. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2431-2454. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.845814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dias MI, Ferreira ICFR, Barreiro MF. Microencapsulation of bioactives for food applications. Food Funct 2015; 6:1035-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of microencapsulation to protect bioactive compounds ensuring bioavailability maintenance is proved but requires further studies on its applicability and incentives by regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Dias
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO)
- ESA
- Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
- 5301-855 Bragança
- Portugal
| | | | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE)
- Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM
- Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
- 5301-857 Bragança
- Portugal
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