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Sebii H, Karra S, Ghribi AM, Danthine S, Blecker C, Attia H, Besbes S. Moringa, Milk Thistle, and Jujube Seed Cold-Pressed Oils: Characteristic Profiles, Thermal Properties, and Oxidative Stability. Foods 2024; 13:1402. [PMID: 38731773 PMCID: PMC11083288 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold-pressed moringa, milk thistle, and jujube seed oils were investigated in terms of their characteristic profiles, thermal properties, and oxidative stability. The findings proved that the extracted oils were characterized by high nutritional values, which encourages their use in various fields. Results showed significant differences between the obtained oils. Overall, jujube seed oil exhibited the best quality parameters, with acidity equal to 0.762 versus 1% for the moringa and milk thistle seed oils. Milk thistle seed oil showed absorbance in the UV-C (100-290 nm), UV-B (290-320 nm), and UV-A (320-400 nm) ranges, while the moringa and jujube seed oils showed absorbance only in the UV-B and UV-A ranges. Concerning bioactive compounds, jujube seed oil presented the highest content of polyphenols, which promoted a good scavenging capacity (90% at 10 µg/mL) compared to the moringa and milk thistle seed oils. Assessing the thermal properties of the obtained oils showed the presence of four groups of triglycerides in the moringa and milk thistle seed oils, and two groups of triglycerides in the jujube seed oil. The thermograms were constant at temperatures above 10 °C for milk thistle seed oil, 15 °C for jujube seed oil, and 30 °C for moringa seed oil, which corresponded to complete liquefaction of the oils. The extinction coefficients K232 and K270, monitored during storage for 60 days at 60 °C, proved that jujube seed oil had the highest polyphenols content and was the most stable against thermal oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Sebii
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax BP:3038, Tunisia; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.M.G.); (H.A.)
- Highly Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba 9000, BP:382, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Karra
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax BP:3038, Tunisia; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.M.G.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2B, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium (C.B.)
| | - Abir Mokni Ghribi
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax BP:3038, Tunisia; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.M.G.); (H.A.)
- Highly Institute of Applied Sciences of Medenine, University of Gabes, Road El Jorf—Km 22.5, Medenine BP:4119, Tunisia
| | - Sabine Danthine
- Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2B, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2B, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium (C.B.)
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax BP:3038, Tunisia; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.M.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Souhail Besbes
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax BP:3038, Tunisia; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.M.G.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2B, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium (C.B.)
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Börklü Budak T. Adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 and Basic Blue 3 Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Silybum Marianum Stem as a Low-Cost Adsorbent. Molecules 2023; 28:6639. [PMID: 37764414 PMCID: PMC10536612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the ability of an adsorbent (SLM Stem) obtained from the stem of the Silybum Marianum plant to treat wastewater containing the cationic dyes basic blue 3 (BB3) and basic yellow 28 (BY28) from aqueous solutions was investigated using a batch method. Then, the SLM Stem (SLM Stem-Natural) adsorbent was carbonized at different temperatures (200-900 °C) and the removal capacity of the products obtained for both dyes was examined again. The investigation continued with the product carbonized at 800 °C (SLM Stem-800 °C), the adsorbent with the highest removal capacity. The dyestuff removal studies were continued with the SLM Stem-Natural and SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbents because they had the highest removal values. The surface properties of these two adsorbents were investigated using IR, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was determined that the SLM Stem-Natural has mainly non-porous material, and the SLM Stem-800 °C has a microporous structure. The optimal values for various parameters, including adsorbent amount, initial dye solution concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, and agitation speed, were investigated for BY28 dye and were 0.05 g, 15 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 6 and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and, 0.15 g, 30 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 150 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. For BB3 dye, optimal parameter values of 0.20 g, 10 mg/L, 30 min, 25 °C, pH 7, and 100 rpm were obtained when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and 0.15 g, 15 mg/L, 40 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. The Langmuir isotherm described the adsorption process best, with a value of r2 = 0.9987. When SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used for BY28 dye at 25 °C, the highest qm value in the Langmuir isotherm was 271.73 mg/g. When the study was repeated with actual water samples under optimum conditions, the highest removal for the BY28 dye was 99.9% in tap water with the SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent. Furthermore, the reuse study showed the adsorbent's efficiency even after three repetitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Börklü Budak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
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Tarasevičienė Ž, Laukagalis V, Paulauskienė A, Baltušnikienė A, Meškinytė E. Quality Changes of Cold-Pressed Black Cumin ( Nigella sativa L.), Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.), and Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum L.) Seed Oils during Storage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 36987040 PMCID: PMC10052079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Oils derived from non-traditional seeds, such as safflower, milk thistle, and black cumin seeds, have recently grown in popularity. Seed oil is in high demand due to consumer interest in illness prevention and health promotion through healthier diets that include a high concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant phenolic components. This study assessed the quality characteristics of cold-pressed seed oil at three unique storage times: at the beginning of the trial (i.e., before storage), after 2 months, and after 4 months. The results of the performed analyses indicate that the acidity of extracted black cumin, safflower, and milk thistle seed oil fluctuates considerably over time. The highest acidity level change was detected for black cumin seed oil, from 10.26% after the extraction to 16.96% after 4 months of storage at 4 °C. Consequently, changes between pre- and post-storage peroxide concentrations were discernible after four months. Peroxide value in milk thistle and safflower seed oils increased by 0.92 meq/kg and 2.00 meq/kg, respectively, during the assessed storage time, while that of black cumin was very high and fluctuated. The storage period substantially affects oxidative changes and the oxidation stability of the oil. Major changes were observed in the polyunsaturated fatty acids in seed oil during storage. The essential changes were detected in the black cumin seed oil odor profile after 4 storage months. Their quality and stability, as well as the nature of the changes that occur during the storage of oil, require extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živilė Tarasevičienė
- Institute of Plant Biology and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Laukagalis
- Institute of Plant Biology and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Paulauskienė
- Institute of Plant Biology and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aldona Baltušnikienė
- Animal Production Research and Innovation Center, Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Biochemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edita Meškinytė
- Animal Production Research and Innovation Center, Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Liu L, Zhang H. Milk Thistle Oil Extracted by Enzyme-Mediated Assisted Solvent Extraction Compared with n-Hexane and Cold-Pressed Extraction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062591. [PMID: 36985564 PMCID: PMC10057341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin and milk thistle oil have unique biological benefits; however, applying silymarin to milk thistle oil remains a challenge. In this research, the content of silymarin in milk thistle oil conditions using enzyme-mediated solvent extraction was investigated and optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions using enzyme-mediated solvent extraction were as follows: the enzyme-added content was 3.06 mg/mL, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 55.09 °C, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 66.28 min. Oil extracted by the enzyme-mediated assisted solvent was further compared with those extracted with n-hexane and cold pressing. Results indicated that the oil extraction using the enzyme-mediated assisted solvent had a lower acid value (2.20 ± 0.01 mg/g) and the highest α-tocopherol content (0.62 ± 0.00 mg/g), total phenols (7.67 ± 0.01 mg/g), and flavonoids (1.06 ± 0.13 mg/g). Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of milk thistle oils was further investigated. The results showed that the enzyme-mediated assisted solvent-extracted oil had the strongest antioxidant capacity with lower lipid oxide content. Therefore, enzyme-mediated solvent extraction is an excellent method for extracting milk thistle oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-433-15567600103; Fax: +86-433-243-5510
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Effects of Dietary Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum) Supplementation in Ducks Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diets. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020100. [PMID: 36851404 PMCID: PMC9967284 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been widely used due to its hepatoprotective properties. The main objective of our study was to investigate the health protective effects of dietary milk thistle seed (MS), oil (MO), and seed cake (MSC) in ducks fed diets naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON; 3.43-3.72 mg/kg feed) and zearalenone (ZEN; 0.46-0.50 mg/kg feed). Female White Hungarian ducks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments consisting of the control diet (C), the control diet supplemented with 0.5% MS, 0.5% MSC, or 0.1% MO. The feeding of experimental diets did not result in mortality cases, clinical signs of mycotoxicosis, or in differences of clinical chemistry values of blood serum. The positive effect of MO on vacuolar hepatocyte degeneration exceeded that of the MSC on d14 and both MS and MSC on d42. Each treatment was equally effective in the decrease of the severity of solitary cell death and infiltration of lympho- and histiocytes in the liver on d28 as well as in the prevention of lymphocyte depletion in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius on d14. In conclusion, the applied treatments have been proven effective in the prevention of histopathological changes caused by DON and ZEN.
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Simple Method for Fatty Acids Determination in Food, Superfood and Spice Samples by GC-MS Technique. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to modify and adapt to other matrices the fast and simple method for determining total lipid content expressed as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by performing the in situ transesterification. The primary method was published as a technical report for the FAME analysis in algae dry mass. Our modifications included the use of less toxic solvents, the use of an internal triglyceride standard and FAME determination by the gas chromatography technique coupled with the mass spectrometry technique in the Single Ion Monitoring mode (SIM). The modified method was validated for 37 fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) containing from four to twenty-four carbons in the carbon chain (C4-C24), and was adapted to five food matrices: three solids (yeast, yeast flakes, biscuits), and two liquids (milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner) oil and olive oil). Additionally, 14 samples of spices and superfood samples, rich in unsaturated oils were analyzed. The validation parameters: linearity, precision, recovery, limits of detections and quantifications, were assessed and additionally Certified Reference Material of olive oil was analyzed.
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Machate DJ, Melo ESP, de Oliveira LCS, Bogo D, Michels FS, Pott A, Cavalheiro LF, Guimarães RDCA, Freitas KDC, Hiane PA, Caires ARL, Vilela MLB, Oliveira RJ, do Nascimento VA. Oxidative stability and elemental analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) edible oil produced in Brazil using a domestic extraction machine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977813. [PMID: 36245529 PMCID: PMC9563224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of regular vegetable oils has been linked to energy acquisition, nutritional benefits, health improvement, and the regulation of metabolic diseases. This study evaluated fatty acids composition, physicochemical, thermal, oxidative, and optical properties, and quantified trace elements in the sunflower oil extracted by a domestic cold-press machine. The oil presented linoleic (54.00%) and oleic (37.29%) primary unsaturated fatty acids (91.67%), in which atherogenic (0.05), thrombogenic (0.16), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (21.97), peroxide (16.16), saponification (141.80), and relative density indices (0.92) demonstrated to be suitable for human consumption and possible health promotion. In addition, the concentrations of trace elements by ICP OES were ordered Zn > Fe > Al > Cu > Mn > Cr. Concentrations of Zn, Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn were lower than FAO/WHO and DRI/AI limits, while Cr concentrations exceeded the FAO/WHO limits, which can be used as an indicator of the polluted ambiance. Sunflower oil quantities daily consumption were calculated by taking into account non-carcinogenic risk (CR < 10−4), and total non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI < 1). Based on trace elements determined in this study, the suitable quantity of sunflower oil consumption varies according to individuals aged 8, 18, and 30 years and will be deemed 0.61, 1.46, and 1.65 g/kg, respectively, attending HI = 0.99 and CR < 10−4.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johane Machate
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Elaine S. P. Melo
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Bogo
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Flávio S. Michels
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Leandro F. Cavalheiro
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Anderson R. L. Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Valter Aragão do Nascimento
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Milovanovic S, Lukic I, Stamenic M, Kamiński P, Florkowski G, Tyśkiewicz K, Konkol M. The effect of equipment design and process scale-up on supercritical CO2 extraction: Case study for Silybum marianum seeds. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lukic I, Milovanovic S, Pantic M, Srbljak I, Djuric A, Tadic V, Tyśkiewicz K. Separation of high-value extracts from Silybum marianum seeds: Influence of extraction technique and storage on composition and bioactivity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gutiérrez‐Luna K, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I. Fatty acid profile, sterols, and squalene content comparison between two conventional (olive oil and linseed oil) and three non‐conventional vegetable oils (echium oil, hempseed oil, and moringa oil). J Food Sci 2022; 87:1489-1499. [PMID: 35279846 PMCID: PMC9313813 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract New sources of bioactive compounds are constantly explored for reformulating healthier foods. This work aimed to explore and characterize the fatty acid profile and sterol content of three non‐conventional oils used in functional food products (hempseed oil, moringa oil, and echium oil) and to compare them with two conventional ones (extra virgin olive oil [EVOO] and linseed oil). Oxidative stability was assessed by determining their acidity value and peroxide content. All oils showed adequate values for acidity and oxidation status. Echium and hempseed oils showed a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (>70%), especially omega‐3 fatty acids, while moringa oil was rich in oleic acid. Echium oil, hempseed oil, and moringa oil presented higher sterol content than EVOO, but lower than that of linseed oil. Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol in all samples (97.88–275.36 mg/100 g oil), except in echium oil, where campesterol (170.62 mg/100 g oil) was the major sterol. Squalene was only found in significant amounts in EVOO. In conclusion, non‐conventional oils seem to be interesting sources of bioactive compounds and have great potential for the food industry. Practical Application Non‐conventional vegetable oils can be used as alternative sources of lipids in a variety of food products. Additionally, these oils have great potential to be included in the formulation of functional ingredients for the delivery of omega‐3 fatty acids, antioxidants, fiber, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gutiérrez‐Luna
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
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Zhang H, Yuan Y, Zhu X, Xu R, Shen H, Zhang Q, Ge X. The Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Extraction Yield, Physicochemical Properties, and Volatile Compounds from Field Muskmelon Seed Oil. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050721. [PMID: 35267354 PMCID: PMC8909143 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Field muskmelon seed oil was extracted by press extraction (PE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), organic extraction (OSE), and aqueous extraction (AE). The oils were then evaluated for their physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds, and antioxidant properties. A high yield oil was found in the SE sample. The AE sample had the highest elevated acid and peroxide values, while PE and OSE had the highest oil iodine content. The oil samples did not differ significantly in their fatty acid profile depending on the extraction method. However, E-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS showed that the flavor composition of the four samples was significantly different, attributed to the changes in the composition and content of the compounds caused by the different extraction methods. Furthermore, the strongest FRAP and the free radical scavenging ability of DPPH and ABTS+ showed in the SE sample. In general, SE’s seed oil has certain advantages when applied to the muskmelon seed oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Yushu Yuan
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Xiuxiu Zhu
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Runzhe Xu
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Huishan Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiangzhen Ge
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (R.X.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Opyd PM, Jurgoński A. Intestinal, liver and lipid disorders in genetically obese rats are more efficiently reduced by dietary milk thistle seeds than their oil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20895. [PMID: 34686715 PMCID: PMC8536690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that milk thistle seed or seed oil dietary supplementation reduces intestinal, liver and lipid disorders specific to genetic obesity, and the seeds can be more efficient in doing so. Lean and obese male Zucker rats were allocated to 4 groups: the lean (LC) and obese control (OC) groups fed a standard diet and the other 2 obese groups fed a diet supplemented with milk thistle seed oil (O + MTO) or milk thistle seeds (O + MTS). After 5 weeks of feeding, the cecal SCFA pool was slightly and significantly lower in OC and O + MTO compared with LC and O + MTS. The liver fat content was greater in OC, O + MTO and O + MTS compared with LC; however, it was significantly lower in O + MTS than in OC and O + MTO. The plasma cholesterol was greater in OC compared with LC, O + MTO and O + MTS; however, it was significantly greater in O + MTO and O + MTS compared with LC. The plasma bilirubin was detected in OC and O + MTO, whereas it was not present in LC and O + MTS. Milk thistle seeds can improve fermentation events in the distal intestine and reduce other disorders specific to genetically obese rats, and the seed PUFAs are responsible for that to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Opyd
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5 Str., 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Flores M, Avendaño V, Bravo J, Valdés C, Forero-Doria O, Quitral V, Vilcanqui Y, Ortiz-Viedma J. Edible Oil Parameters during Deterioration Processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:7105170. [PMID: 34568484 PMCID: PMC8463213 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous increase in research on lipids, technologies and the development of chemical-analytical methods associated with the characterization and monitoring of different processes that involve modifications in edible fats are increasing. The beneficial effect of lipids, especially those essential for the health of the population, is widely known. However, degradation compounds are also produced that eventually have negative effects. In this dual context, the monitoring of the changes suffered by nutritional compounds can be obtained thanks to the development of technologies and analytical methods applied to the study of lipids. The modifications that lipids undergo can be followed by a wide variety of methods, ranging from the basic ones associated with simple chemical titrations to the more complex ones associated with sophisticated laboratory equipment. These determinations involve chemical and/or physical quantification of lipids to know an initial condition on the major and minor components. In addition to technologies that allow monitoring during more complex processes such as thermal deterioration, in multiple conditions depending on the objective of the study, this review could benefit a comprehensive understanding of lipid deterioration for future developments and research in the study of fats and oils for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Carlos Schorr 255, Talca, Chile
| | - Victoria Avendaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Carlos Schorr 255, Talca, Chile
| | - Jessica Bravo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército 141, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Valdés
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Oscar Forero-Doria
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Carlos Schorr 255, Talca, Chile
| | - Vilma Quitral
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yesica Vilcanqui
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash S/N, Moquegua, Peru
| | - Jaime Ortiz-Viedma
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
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Phospholipid and n-alkane composition, anti-α-glucosidase and anti-cyclooxygenase activities of milk thistle oil. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Janocha A, Milczarek A, Pietrusiak D. Impact of Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) Seeds in Broiler Chicken Diets on Rearing Results, Carcass Composition, and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1550. [PMID: 34073190 PMCID: PMC8227120 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies aimed to evaluate the impact of milk thistle seeds in broiler chicken feed rations on rearing results, carcass composition and meat quality. The experiment involved 120 broiler chickens randomly allocated to three equinumerous groups (C, MT02, MT23). Each group was divided into five subgroups of eight chickens each. Over the first 21 days of life the birds were fed starter rations, and over the following 21 days received grower rations. Chicken starter/grower diets in groups MT02 and MT23 were supplemented with ground seeds of milk thistle in the amount of 0/2% (MT02) and 2/3% (MT23). It was demonstrated that Silybum marianum added to feed rations over the whole rearing period (group MT23) increased above 3% the birds' body weight on rearing day 42. (p < 0.05) and decreased about 7% the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) in comparison to group C. No effect of feeding on the carcass composition was observed, including on muscularity and fattening grade, although diets containing milk thistle reduced (by 15% and 19% in group MT02 and MT23, respectively) the content of crude fat in chicken leg muscles (p < 0.05). The highest (p < 0.05) content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was determined in the breast (38.06%) and leg (37.63%) muscles of chicken receiving feed rations containing Silybum marianum throughout the rearing period. No effect of nutrition on the evaluated physical properties of muscles was observed, except on the decrease in lightness color (L*) and increase in values a* and C as well as a decrease of water holding capacity of the breast muscles. It was found that Silybum marianum in chicken diets had a positive effect on the evaluated meat flavor characteristics of the muscles. To sum up, based on the study results, including ground seeds of milk thistle in broiler chickens nutrition can be recommended in the amount of 2/3% in starter/grower diets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Milczarek
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Bolesława Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (A.J.); (D.P.)
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