A novel method for oil deacidification: Chemical amidation with ethanolamine catalyzed by calcium oxide

Selective synthesis of triacylglycerols by the ADS-17-supported Candida antarctica lipase B through esterification of oleic acid and glycerol

BACKGROUND

Immobilized enzyme possessing both high activity and good selectivity is important in practice. In this study, Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was immobilized onto the macroporous resin ADS-17 for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis through esterification of oleic acid and glycerol. The reaction conditions were optimized by single-factor study and orthogonal test, and the reusability of the immobilized CALB (CALB@ADS-17) was evaluated. In addition, the mechanism of lipase immobilization was studied and the catalytic mechanism of CALB@ADS-17 was investigated.

RESULTS

Oleic acid conversion up to 99.20% and TAG content at 91.58 wt% could be obtained under optimal conditions. In addition, the CALB@ADS-17 retained 84.28% of its initial activity after 11 cycles of reuse. The mechanism of lipase immobilization was through hydrophobic adsorption. The relationship between temperature and oleic acid conversion was lnV0 = 6.3316 - 4.3321/T, and the activation energy (Ea) was 36.02 kJ mol-1. CALB@ADS-17 did not exhibit an obvious interfacial activation phenomenon. Its kinetic behavior can be described by the Michaelis-Menten model, whose kinetic parameters of vmax, kcat, Km, Ki, and kcat/Km were 0.01265 μmol L-1 s-1, 9310.72 s-1, 0.4907 mmol L-1, 3.997 mmol L-1, and 1.90 × 104 L mmol-1 s-1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

CALB@ADS-17 showed good esterification performance and exhibited good selectivity towards TAG generation. In addition, CALB@ADS-17 exhibited good reusability in esterification reactions and has potential in practical applications. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of Adsorption Deacidification on the Quality of Peony Seed Oil

To overcome the issues in the traditional deacidification processes of peony seed oil (PSO), such as losses of neutral oil and trace nutrients, waste discharge, and high energy consumption, adsorption deacidification was developed. The acid removal capacity of adsorbent-alkali microcrystalline cellulose was evaluated using the isothermal adsorption equilibrium and the pseudo-first-order rate equation. The optimized adsorption deacidification conditions included adsorbent-alkali microcrystalline cellulose at 3%, a heating temperature of 50 °C, and a holding time of 60 min. The physicochemical, bioactive properties, antioxidant capacities, and oxidative stabilities of PSO processed by alkali refining and oil-hexane miscella deacidification were compared under the same operating conditions. Fatty acid content was not significantly different across all three methods. The deacidification rates were 88.29%, 98.11%, and 97.76%, respectively, for adsorption deacidification, alkali refining, and oil-hexane miscella deacidification. Among the three deacidification samples, adsorption deacidification showed the highest retention of tocopherols (92.66%), phytosterols (91.96%), and polyphenols (70.64%). Additionally, the obtained extract preserved about 67.32% of the total antioxidant activity. The oil stability index was increased 1.35 times by adsorption deacidification. Overall, adsorption deacidification can be considered a promising extraction technology in terms of quality as compared to alkali refining and oil-hexane miscella deacidification.