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Šetinc M, Celinšćak Ž, Bočkor L, Zajc Petranović M, Stojanović Marković A, Peričić Salihović M, Deelen J, Škarić-Jurić T. The role of longevity-related genetic variant interactions as predictors of survival after 85 years of age. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111926. [PMID: 38484896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have identified several genetic variants that might play a role in achieving longevity. This study investigates interactions between pairs of those single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their effect on survival above the age of 85 in a sample of 327 Croatian individuals. Although none of the SNPs individually showed a significant effect on survival in this sample, 14 of the 359 interactions tested (between SNPs not in LD) reached the level of nominal significance (p<0.05), showing a potential effect on late-life survival. Notably, SH2B3 rs3184504 interacted with different SNPs near TERC, TP53 rs1042522 with different SNPs located near the CDKN2B gene, and CDKN2B rs1333049 with different SNPs in FOXO3, as well as with LINC02227 rs2149954. The other interaction pairs with a possible effect on survival were FOXO3 rs2802292 and ERCC2 rs50871, IL6 rs1800795 and GHRHR rs2267723, LINC02227 rs2149954 and PARK7 rs225119, as well as PARK7 rs225119 and PTPN1 rs6067484. These interactions remained significant when tested together with a set of health-related variables that also had a significant effect on survival above 85 years. In conclusion, our results confirm the central role of genetic regulation of insulin signalling and cell cycle control in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šetinc
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | | | - Luka Bočkor
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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2
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Revelas M, Thalamuthu A, Zettergren A, Oldmeadow C, Najar J, Seidu NM, Armstrong NJ, Riveros C, Kwok JB, Schofield PR, Trollor JN, Waern M, Wright MJ, Zetterberg H, Ames D, Belnnow K, Brodaty H, Scott RJ, Skoog I, Attia JR, Sachdev PS, Mather KA. High polygenic risk score for exceptional longevity is associated with a healthy metabolic profile. GeroScience 2023; 45:399-413. [PMID: 35972662 PMCID: PMC9886704 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy metabolic measures in humans are associated with longevity. Dysregulation leads to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and negative health outcomes. Recent exceptional longevity (EL) genome wide association studies have facilitated estimation of an individual's polygenic risk score (PRS) for EL. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with high ELPRS have a low prevalence of MetS. Participants were from five cohorts of middle-aged to older adults. The primary analyses were performed in the UK Biobank (UKBB) (n = 407,800, 40-69 years). Replication analyses were undertaken using three Australian studies: Hunter Community Study (n = 2122, 55-85 years), Older Australian Twins Study (n = 539, 65-90 years) and Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (n = 925, 70-90 years), as well as the Swedish Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (n = 2273, 70-93 years). MetS was defined using established criteria. Regressions and meta-analyses were performed with the ELPRS and MetS and its components. Generally, MetS prevalence (22-30%) was higher in the older cohorts. In the UKBB, high EL polygenic risk was associated with lower MetS prevalence (OR = 0.94, p = 1.84 × 10-42) and its components (p < 2.30 × 10-8). Meta-analyses of the replication cohorts showed nominal associations with MetS (p = 0.028) and 3 MetS components (p < 0.05). This work suggests individuals with a high polygenic risk for EL have a healthy metabolic profile promoting longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Revelas
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jenna Najar
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nazib M Seidu
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaj Belnnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Giuliani C, Garagnani P, Franceschi C. Genetics of Human Longevity Within an Eco-Evolutionary Nature-Nurture Framework. Circ Res 2019; 123:745-772. [PMID: 30355083 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait, and to disentangle its basis has a great theoretical and practical consequences for biomedicine. The genetics of human longevity is still poorly understood despite several investigations that used different strategies and protocols. Here, we argue that such rather disappointing harvest is largely because of the extraordinary complexity of the longevity phenotype in humans. The capability to reach the extreme decades of human lifespan seems to be the result of an intriguing mixture of gene-environment interactions. Accordingly, the genetics of human longevity is here described as a highly context-dependent phenomenon, within a new integrated, ecological, and evolutionary perspective, and is presented as a dynamic process, both historically and individually. The available literature has been scrutinized within this perspective, paying particular attention to factors (sex, individual biography, family, population ancestry, social structure, economic status, and education, among others) that have been relatively neglected. The strength and limitations of the most powerful and used tools, such as genome-wide association study and whole-genome sequencing, have been discussed, focusing on prominently emerged genes and regions, such as apolipoprotein E, Forkhead box O3, interleukin 6, insulin-like growth factor-1, chromosome 9p21, 5q33.3, and somatic mutations among others. The major results of this approach suggest that (1) the genetics of longevity is highly population specific; (2) small-effect alleles, pleiotropy, and the complex allele timing likely play a major role; (3) genetic risk factors are age specific and need to be integrated in the light of the geroscience perspective; (4) a close relationship between genetics of longevity and genetics of age-related diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases) do exist. Finally, the urgent need of a global approach to the largely unexplored interactions between the 3 genetics of human body, that is, nuclear, mitochondrial, and microbiomes, is stressed. We surmise that the comprehensive approach here presented will help in increasing the above-mentioned harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giuliani
- From the Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology (C.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.G.).,Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Italy (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) (P.G.), University of Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (P.G.)
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4
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Sundermann EE, Hussain MA, Moore DJ, Horvath S, Lin DTS, Kobor MS, Levine A. Inflammation-related genes are associated with epigenetic aging in HIV. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:853-865. [PMID: 31286441 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characteristic of both HIV and aging ("inflammaging") and may contribute to the accelerated aging observed in people living with HIV (PLWH). We examined whether three inflammation-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were risk factors for accelerated aging and HIV-associated, non-AIDS (HANA) conditions among PLWH. We examined 155 postmortem cases with HIV (mean age = 47.3, 81% male, 68% self-reported White) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium who had pre-mortem neurobehavioral/medical/virologic data and epigenomic data from occipital cortex tissue. Accelerated aging was measured according to the Epigenetic Clock; an aging biomarker based on DNA methylation levels. Past or current age-associated HANA conditions including cerebrovascular, liver and kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and diabetes were determined via self-report. Epigenetic Aging Z-scores and likelihood of past/current HANA conditions were compared between major allele homozygotes and minor allele carriers for each SNP (IL-6 - 174G>C, IL-10 - 592C>A, TNF-α - 308 G>A) separately. Analyses were adjusted for relevant demographic/clinical factors. Epigenetic aging (e.g., higher Z-scores) was significantly greater in IL-6 C allele carriers (p = .002) and IL-10 CC homozygotes (p = .02) compared to other genotype groups. The likelihood of any past/current HANA condition did not differ by IL-10 genotype but was 3.36 times greater in IL-6 C allele carriers versus others (OR = 3.36, 95%CI = 1.09-10.34, p = .03). TNF-α genotype was not associated with epigenetic aging or HANA conditions. IL-6 and IL-10 SNPs may help to identify PLWH who are at high risk for accelerated aging. These insights into pathophysiological pathways may inform interventional approaches to treat rapid aging among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Mariam A Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David T S Lin
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Andrew Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Revelas M, Thalamuthu A, Oldmeadow C, Evans TJ, Armstrong NJ, Kwok JB, Brodaty H, Schofield PR, Scott RJ, Sachdev PS, Attia JR, Mather KA. Review and meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with exceptional human longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:24-34. [PMID: 29890178 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors contribute to exceptional longevity, with genetics playing a significant role. However, to date, genetic studies examining exceptional longevity have been inconclusive. This comprehensive review seeks to determine the genetic variants associated with exceptional longevity by undertaking meta-analyses. METHODS Meta-analyses of genetic polymorphisms previously associated with exceptional longevity (85+) were undertaken. For each variant, meta-analyses were performed if there were data from at least three independent studies available, including two unpublished additional cohorts. RESULTS Five polymorphisms, ACE rs4340, APOE ε2/3/4, FOXO3A rs2802292, KLOTHO KL-VS and IL6 rs1800795 were significantly associated with exceptional longevity, with the pooled effect sizes (odds ratios) ranging from 0.42 (APOE ε4) to 1.45 (FOXO3A males). CONCLUSION In general, the observed modest effect sizes of the significant variants suggest many genes of small influence play a role in exceptional longevity, which is consistent with results for other polygenic traits. Our results also suggest that genes related to cardiovascular health may be implicated in exceptional longevity. Future studies should examine the roles of gender and ethnicity and carefully consider study design, including the selection of appropriate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Revelas
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia; Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Santos-Lozano A, Santamarina A, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Fiuza-Luces C, Cristi-Montero C, Bernal-Pino A, Lucia A, Garatachea N. The genetics of exceptional longevity: Insights from centenarians. Maturitas 2016; 90:49-57. [PMID: 27282794 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world population ages, so the prevalence increases of individuals aged 100 years or more, known as centenarians. Reaching this age has been described as exceptional longevity (EL) and is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Many genetic variations known to affect life expectancy exist in centenarians. This review of studies conducted on centenarians and supercentenarians (older than 110 years) updates knowledge of the impacts on longevity of the twenty most widely investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; GIDFYS, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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7
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Wei GZ, Wang F, Zhao YG, Li SS, Shi ML, Gao K, Luo Y, Tang WR. Association of longevity with TNF-α G308A and IL-6 G174C polymorphic inflammatory biomarkers in Caucasians: a meta-analysis. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 49:706-713. [PMID: 26754162 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-015-0992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in genes encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were previously shown to affect mortality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the functional promoter regions of TNF-α (G308A) and IL-6 (G174C) are among the most widely studied. OBJECTIVES To determine whether TNF-α G308A and IL-6 G174C SNPs confer susceptibility to longevity, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively estimate the association between these SNPs and longevity in long-lived individuals (LLI, aged ≥ 80 years). MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies addressing the role of TNF-α and IL-6 SNPs in longevity were identified from the PubMed database. Pooled ORs with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between SNPs and longevity. RESULTS The meta-analysis was based on four studies of TNF-α G308A and nine of IL-6 G174C, covering a total of 2945 LLI individuals and 2992 controls. Overall, no significantly increased risks were observed for G308A [A vs. G (additive model): OR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.79-1.22, p = 0.852; AA + AG vs. GG (dominant model): OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.75-1.24, p = 0.791] or for G174C [C vs. G (additive model): OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 0.94-1.22, p = 0.293; CC + CG vs. GG (dominant model): OR = 1.09, 95 % CI = 0.93-1.28, p = 0.299]. There was no change in the significance when a cutoff age of ≥ 90 years was introduced. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that the TNF-α G308A and IL-6 G174C SNPs affected the probability of reaching an advanced age in Caucasians, and that they have little effect on delaying the onset and progression of age-related diseases, but this does not rule out the possibility of population-specific effects caused by different genes and/or environmental factors and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Zhong Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue-Guang Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Min-Ling Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Kang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Ru Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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8
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Rea IM, Dellet M, Mills KI. Living long and ageing well: is epigenomics the missing link between nature and nurture? Biogerontology 2015; 17:33-54. [PMID: 26133292 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait and increasingly we understand that both genes and lifestyle interact in the longevity phenotype. Non-genetic factors, including diet, physical activity, health habits, and psychosocial factors contribute approximately 50% of the variability in human lifespan with another 25% explained by genetic differences. Family clusters of nonagenarian and centenarian siblings, who show both exceptional age-span and health-span, are likely to have inherited facilitatory gene groups, but also have nine decades of life experiences and behaviours which have interacted with their genetic profiles. Identification of their shared genes is just one small step in the link from genes to their physical and psychological profiles. Behavioural genomics is beginning to demonstrate links to biological mechanisms through regulation of gene expression, which directs the proteome and influences the personal phenotype. Epigenetics has been considered the missing link between nature and nurture. Although there is much that remains to be discovered, this article will discuss some of genetic and environmental factors which appear important in good quality longevity and link known epigenetic mechanisms to themes identified by nonagenarians themselves related to their longevity. Here we suggest that exceptional 90-year old siblings have adopted a range of behaviours and life-styles which have contributed to their ageing-well-phenotype and which link with important public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Margaret Dellet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ken I Mills
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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9
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Soerensen M, Dato S, Tan Q, Thinggaard M, Kleindorp R, Beekman M, Suchiman HED, Jacobsen R, McGue M, Stevnsner T, Bohr VA, de Craen AJM, Westendorp RGJ, Schreiber S, Slagboom PE, Nebel A, Vaupel JW, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Evidence from case-control and longitudinal studies supports associations of genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6 with human longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:487-500. [PMID: 22234866 PMCID: PMC3592963 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated 102 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the common genetic variation in 16 genes recurrently regarded as candidates for human longevity: APOE; ACE; CETP; HFE; IL6; IL6R; MTHFR; TGFB1; APOA4; APOC3; SIRTs 1, 3, 6; and HSPAs 1A, 1L, 14. In a case-control study of 1,089 oldest-old (ages 92-93) and 736 middle-aged Danes, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs769449 (APOE) was significantly decreased in the oldest-old, while the MAF of rs9923854 (CETP) was significantly enriched. These effects were supported when investigating 1,613 oldest-old (ages 95-110) and 1,104 middle-aged Germans. rs769449 was in modest linkage equilibrium (R (2)=0.55) with rs429358 of the APOE-ε4 haplotype and adjusting for rs429358 eliminated the association of rs769449, indicating that the association likely reflects the well-known effect of rs429358. Gene-based analysis confirmed the effects of variation in APOE and CETP and furthermore pointed to HSPA14 as a longevity gene. In a longitudinal study with 11 years of follow-up on survival in the oldest-old Danes, only one SNP, rs2069827 (IL6), was borderline significantly associated with survival from age 92 (P-corrected=0.064). This advantageous effect of the minor allele was supported when investigating a Dutch longitudinal cohort (N=563) of oldest-old (age 85+). Since rs2069827 was located in a putative transcription factor binding site, quantitative RNA expression studies were conducted. However, no difference in IL6 expression was observed between rs2069827 genotype groups. In conclusion, we here support and expand the evidence suggesting that genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6, and possible HSPA14, is associated with human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark.
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10
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Baune BT, Konrad C, Grotegerd D, Suslow T, Birosova E, Ohrmann P, Bauer J, Arolt V, Heindel W, Domschke K, Schöning S, Rauch AV, Uhlmann C, Kugel H, Dannlowski U. Interleukin-6 gene (IL-6): a possible role in brain morphology in the healthy adult brain. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:125. [PMID: 22695063 PMCID: PMC3464888 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been implicated in dual functions in neuropsychiatric disorders. Little is known about the genetic predisposition to neurodegenerative and neuroproliferative properties of cytokine genes. In this study the potential dual role of several IL-6 polymorphisms in brain morphology is investigated. Methodology In a large sample of healthy individuals (N = 303), associations between genetic variants of IL-6 (rs1800795; rs1800796, rs2069833, rs2069840) and brain volume (gray matter volume) were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) followed a tagging SNP approach (e.g., Stampa algorigthm), yielding a capture 97.08% of the variation in the IL-6 gene using four tagging SNPs. Principal findings/results In a whole-brain analysis, the polymorphism rs1800795 (−174 C/G) showed a strong main effect of genotype (43 CC vs. 150 CG vs. 100 GG; x = 24, y = −10, z = −15; F(2,286) = 8.54, puncorrected = 0.0002; pAlphaSim-corrected = 0.002; cluster size k = 577) within the right hippocampus head. Homozygous carriers of the G-allele had significantly larger hippocampus gray matter volumes compared to heterozygous subjects. None of the other investigated SNPs showed a significant association with grey matter volume in whole-brain analyses. Conclusions/significance These findings suggest a possible neuroprotective role of the G-allele of the SNP rs1800795 on hippocampal volumes. Studies on the role of this SNP in psychiatric populations and especially in those with an affected hippocampus (e.g., by maltreatment, stress) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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11
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Iannitti T, Palmieri B. Inflammation and genetics: an insight in the centenarian model. Hum Biol 2012; 83:531-59. [PMID: 21846209 DOI: 10.3378/027.083.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of centenarians is growing worldwide. This specific cohort has aroused the attention of scientists worldwide and is considered one of the most valuable models to study the mechanisms involved in the aging process. In fact, they have reached the extreme limits of human life span and, most important of all, they show relatively good health being able to perform their routine daily life. Because they have escaped the common lethal diseases, the role of their genetic background has been brought into focus. In fact, sequence variations, in a variety of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, have been found to influence successful ageing and longevity. The key role played by cytokines has been also confirmed in centenarians as we know that inflammation has been related to several pathological burdens (e.g., obesity, atherosclerosis, and diabetes). Successful ageing seems to be related to an optimal functioning of the immune system, pointing out that polymorphisms for the immune system genes, which are involved in the regulation of immune-inflammatory responses, may play a key role in the genetics of ageing. This review provides an update in the field of ageing related to inflammation and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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12
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Albani D, Mazzuco S, Polito L, Batelli S, Biella G, Ongaro F, Gustafson DR, Antuono P, Gajo G, Durante E, Caberlotto L, Zanardo A, Siculi M, Gallucci M, Forloni G. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor polymorphism rs2229765 and circulating interleukin-6 level affect male longevity in a population-based prospective study (Treviso Longeva--TRELONG). Aging Male 2011; 14:257-64. [PMID: 22115178 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2011.607521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling modulation has been associated with increased lifespan in model organisms, while high levels of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) are a marker of disability and mortality. In the prospective, population-based "Treviso Longeva"--TRELONG Study from Italy (n = 668, age range 70-105.5 years at baseline, followed for seven years) we investigated the effects of survival on the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene polymorphism rs2229765, the IL-6 gene promoter polymorphism rs1800795, and plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IL-6, alone or in combination. We found a sex-dependent effect for the IGF-1R rs2229765 polymorphism, as male carriers of the homozygous A/A genotype survived longer, while the IL-6 rs1800795 genotype did not influence overall or sex-specific longevity. Higher IL-6 levels were more detrimental for survival among males than females, while IGF-1 had no dose-response effect. These findings sustain the hypothesis that sex-specific longevity relies on detectable differences in genetic and biochemical parameters between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Distributions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter and metallothionein 2A (MT2A) core promoter region gene polymorphisms and their associations with aging in Turkish population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 53:354-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Chu NF, Lin FH, Chin HC, Hong YJ. Association between interleukin-6 receptor gene variations and atherosclerotic lipid profiles among young adolescents in Taiwan. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:136. [PMID: 21835044 PMCID: PMC3180403 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the potential genetic associations between four polymorphisms of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene and atherosclerotic lipid profiles among young adolescents in Taiwan. Methods Using data from the Taipei Children Heart Study-II - a cross-sectional survey in 2003. After multi-stage sampling, we selected 418 boys and 441 girls with an average age of 13.1 years. We genotyped the subjects for four IL-6R gene polymorphisms (rs4845617 G/A, rs4845623 A/G, rs8192284 A/C, and rs2229238 C/T) using a TaqMan 5' nuclease assay. Lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using standard methods. We also calculated CHOL/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and TG/HDL-C ratio as atherosclerotic indexes. Results IL-6R rs8192284 A/C and rs2229238 C/T variants showed strong associations with high TG (additive model, OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.05-2.37; OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.04-2.29, respectively), low HDL-C (additive model, OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.03-2.39; OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.12-2.52, respectively), and high CHOL/HDL-C (additive model, OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.08-2.61, OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.18-2.79, respectively) in girls. We inferred five common haplotypes using rs4845617 G/A, rs4845623 A/G, and rs2229238 C/T (GAC, GAT, GGC, AAC, and AAT). In girls, the AAT haplotype was associated with a significant risk of high TG, low HDL-C, high CHOL/HDL-C, and abnormal lipid levels (high TG or low HDL-C) when compared with the GAC haplotype (OR range = 3.08-4.40, all p < 0.05). Conclusion The IL-6R rs8192284 A/C and rs2229238 C/T variants are associated with dyslipidemia in girls, but not in boys. The AAT haplotype of the IL-6R gene (rs4845617 G/A, rs4845623 A/G, and rs2229238 C/T) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nain-Feng Chu
- Department of Community Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
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15
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Abstract
The ageing process is very complex. Human longevity is a multifactorial trait which is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Twin and family studies imply that up to 25% of human lifespan is heritable. The longevity gene candidates have generally fallen into the following categories: inflammatory and immune-related factors, stress response elements, mediators of glucose and lipid metabolism, components of DNA repair and cellular proliferation and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. Because of the central role of HLA molecules in the development of protective immunity and the extraordinary degree of polymorphism of HLA genes, many studies have addressed the possible impact of these genes on human longevity. Most of the data available so far demonstrated a possible role of HLA class II specificities in human longevity but definitive evidence has remained elusive. Although the data are limited and controversial, it has been hypothesized that longevity could be associated with cytokine gene polymorphisms correlating with different levels of cytokine production, thereby modulating immune responses in health and disease. Because of the essential role of cytokines in immune responses, the regulation of cytokine gene expression and their polymorphic nature, the genetic variations of these loci with functional significance could be appropriate immunogenetic candidate markers implicated in the mechanism of successful ageing and longevity. In addition, several other genes such as Toll-like receptor genes, Cycloxygenases (COX)/Lipoxygenases (LOX), CCR5, NK receptor genes and MBL2 have been assessed as a possible biomarkers associated with ageing. This review will summarize the data on the role of these immune genes in human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Naumova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Alexandovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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16
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Elcoroaristizabal Martín X, Gómez Busto F, Artaza Artabe I, Barroso Niso J, Goicoechea Boyer J, García de Vicuña VODM, Martínez de Pancorbo M. [Genetic profiles of longevity and healthy cognitive aging in nonagenarians from the Basque Country]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2011; 46:217-22. [PMID: 21652117 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently there are notable differences in the aging of individuals in modern populations. While some of them enjoy a long healthy aging, others develop neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Environmental factors are critical, but genetics could explain the differences observed. It has recently been postulated that longevity genes might also be neuroprotective. OBJECTIVES To assess whether certain genetic variants associated with longevity might have a neuroprotective effect. METHODS The subjects of this study are people older than 90 years. We will collect sociodemographic and clinical data and multiple assessments, cognitive, functional, anthropometric, nutritional, sensory and physical each participant. In addition, 64 SNPs loci distributed in 13 candidate genes FOXO3, SIRT1, TOMM40, APOE, PICALM, COMT, CETP, CLU, CR1, IL-6, PCK-1, ZNF224 and ACE will be analysed by Taqman array. RESULTS It is hoped to gain more knowledge about under/over-represented alleles in nonagenarians. Furthermore, comparison of the genetic characteristics of nonagenarians with AD with those free of disease will enable links to be seen between certain alleles with protection or the risk of AD. Associated information on the participants will create subgroups showing the interactions between environment and genetic variation in relation to healthy aging and AD. CONCLUSION The study of the genetic variability of nonagenarians can give us information on the alleles associated with longevity and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Elcoroaristizabal Martín
- Grupo de Investigación BIOMICS, Departamento de Z. y Biología Celular A, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados - CIEA «Lucio Lascaray», Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, España
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17
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Pereira D, Garcia D, Narciso F, Santos M, Dias J, Queiroz B, Souza E, Nóbrega O, Pereira L. Effects of 174 G/C polymorphism in the promoter region of the interleukin-6 gene on plasma IL-6 levels and muscle strength in elderly women. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:123-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - D.M. Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - J.M.D. Dias
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - E.R. Souza
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasil
| | - O.T. Nóbrega
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasil; Universidade de Brasília, Brasil
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18
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Halaschek-Wiener J, Amirabbasi-Beik M, Monfared N, Pieczyk M, Sailer C, Kollar A, Thomas R, Agalaridis G, Yamada S, Oliveira L, Collins JA, Meneilly G, Marra MA, Madden KM, Le ND, Connors JM, Brooks-Wilson AR. Genetic variation in healthy oldest-old. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6641. [PMID: 19680556 PMCID: PMC2722017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who live to 85 and beyond without developing major age-related diseases may achieve this, in part, by lacking disease susceptibility factors, or by possessing resistance factors that enhance their ability to avoid disease and prolong lifespan. Healthy aging is a complex phenotype likely to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. We sequenced 24 candidate healthy aging genes in DNA samples from 47 healthy individuals aged eighty-five years or older (the 'oldest-old'), to characterize genetic variation that is present in this exceptional group. These healthy seniors were never diagnosed with cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, or Alzheimer disease. We re-sequenced all exons, intron-exon boundaries and selected conserved non-coding sequences of candidate genes involved in aging-related processes, including dietary restriction (PPARG, PPARGC1A, SIRT1, SIRT3, UCP2, UCP3), metabolism (IGF1R, APOB, SCD), autophagy (BECN1, FRAP1), stem cell activation (NOTCH1, DLL1), tumor suppression (TP53, CDKN2A, ING1), DNA methylation (TRDMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B) Progeria syndromes (LMNA, ZMPSTE24, KL) and stress response (CRYAB, HSPB2). We detected 935 variants, including 848 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 87 insertion or deletions; 41% (385) were not recorded in dbSNP. This study is the first to present a comprehensive analysis of genetic variation in aging-related candidate genes in healthy oldest-old. These variants and especially our novel polymorphisms are valuable resources to test for genetic association in models of disease susceptibility or resistance. In addition, we propose an innovative tagSNP selection strategy that combines variants identified through gene re-sequencing- and HapMap-derived SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Halaschek-Wiener
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mahsa Amirabbasi-Beik
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nasim Monfared
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Pieczyk
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Sailer
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Kollar
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ruth Thomas
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georgios Agalaridis
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - So Yamada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Oliveira
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Collins
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Graydon Meneilly
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A. Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth M. Madden
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph M. Connors
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela R. Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Albani D, Batelli S, Polito L, Prato F, Pesaresi M, Gajo GB, De Angeli S, Zanardo A, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Gallucci M, Forloni G. Interleukin-6 plasma level increases with age in an Italian elderly population ("The Treviso Longeva"-Trelong-study) with a sex-specific contribution of rs1800795 polymorphism. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 31:155-162. [PMID: 19377912 PMCID: PMC2693733 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-009-9092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The transcription rate of interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be reduced by the C-allele of a polymorphism (rs1800795) located in the 5'-flanking region of the IL-6 gene (NM_000600), and IL-6 plasma levels increase with age. We assembled an elderly Italian population ["The Treviso Longeva (Trelong) study", age range 70-106 years, n = 668 subjects] and assessed rs1800795 genotype and plasma IL-6 concentrations. The rs1800795 genotype was also assessed in an independent Italian study ("Milan" study, age range 70-96, n = 245 subjects). To verify an age- or sex-specific effect of rs1800795 genotype we compared people younger (70-85) and older (85+) than 85 years of age. We found a significant reduction in the frequency of rs1800795 C/C genotype in 85+ men from the Trelong study, while in the Milan study this data did not reach significance. However, considering the two studies together, the frequency of the rs1800795 C/C genotype was significantly lower in 85+ than in 70-85 males (4.0% and 10.7%, respectively), while it remained unchanged in females. As for IL-6 plasma levels, after a multivariate analysis to control for confounders, a correlation between age and plasma IL-6 concentrations was revealed (P < 0.0001). An increase in circulating IL-6 levels in the entire 85+ group compared to the 70-85 group (P < 0.05, Tukey's test) was also noticed. We suggest a sex-specific pattern for genetic variability linked to inflammatory response and longevity, consistent with the age-related increase in IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Batelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Prato
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Pesaresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Gajo
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Trasfusional Center Regional Hospital Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Sergio De Angeli
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Trasfusional Center Regional Hospital Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanardo
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Regional Hospital Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallucci
- ARGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Association, Trento Trieste Avenue, 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Treviso General Hospital, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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20
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Dai Y, Liu XL, Chai QB, Gai YH, Li Y, Liu BG. Relationship between the -572G/C polymorphism in IL-6 gene promoter and hepatitis virus B infection in Chinese Han population. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:1522-1526. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i15.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the association of IL-6 gene promoter polymorphism with the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Chinese population.
METHODS: The genome DNA was obtained from blood samples and three IL-6 promoter polymorphisms (G-174C, G-572C and G-597A) were evaluated using PCR-RFLP in 160 HBV-infected patients and 212 healthy controls. Frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the control group were compared with those of the HBV infection. Furthermore, subgroups of chronic carriers were compared among them. For cases and controls, the distribution of gender, age, smoking, drinking and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation of the IL-6 genotype was determined using Chi-square Test; and the diversity of age using Mann-Whitney U-test. The unconditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the statistical association of genotypes in two groups adjusted for confused factors.
RESULTS: No polymorphism at position -174 and -597 was detected in all participants, but significant difference was found in the polymorphism at position -572 between the cases and controls (G/C vs G/G, OR = 2.65, P < 0.05; C/C vs G/G, OR = 3.31, P < 0.05). Subgroups analysis, revealed the odds ratio value in the less than thirty years old group (G/G vs G/C or C/C, OR = 16.92, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The data reveal that the polymorphism at position -572 of the IL-6 gene promoter may be associated with the susceptibility to HBV infection; meanwhile, the age is a coordinative risk factor.
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, aging research has expanded to include not only age-related disease models, and conversely, longevity and disease-free models, but also focuses on biological mechanisms related to the aging process. By viewing aging on multiple research frontiers, we are rapidly expanding knowledge as a whole and mapping connections between biological processes and particular age-related diseases that emerge. This is perhaps most true in the field of genetics, where variation across individuals has improved our understanding of aging mechanisms, etiology of age-related disease, and prediction of therapeutic responses. A close partnership between gerontologists, epidemiologists, and geneticists is needed to take full advantage of emerging genome information and technology and bring about a new age for biological aging research. Here we review current genetic findings for aging across both disease-specific and aging process domains. We then highlight the limitations of most work to date in terms of study design, genomic information, and trait modeling and focus on emerging technology and future directions that can partner genetic epidemiology and aging research fields to best take advantage of the rapid discoveries in each.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Di Bona D, Vasto S, Capurso C, Christiansen L, Deiana L, Franceschi C, Hurme M, Mocchegiani E, Rea M, Lio D, Candore G, Caruso C. Effect of interleukin-6 polymorphisms on human longevity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2009; 8:36-42. [PMID: 18930842 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have assessed changes in frequency of -174 interleukin (IL)-6 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with age. If IL-6 tracks with disability and age-related diseases, then there should be reduction, in the oldest old, of the frequency of homozygous GG subjects, who produce higher IL-6 levels. However, discordant results have been obtained. To explore the relationship between this polymorphism and longevity, we analyzed individual data on long-living subjects and controls from eight case-control studies conducted in Europeans, using meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in the IL-6 genotype between the oldest old and controls (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.96; 95% C.I.: 0.77-1.20; p=0.71), but there was significant between-study heterogeneity (I2=55.5%). In a subgroup analyses when male centenarians from the three Italian studies were included, the frequency of the IL-6 -174 GG genotype was significantly lower than the other genotypes (OR=0.49; 95% C.I.: 0.31-0.80; p=0.004), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2=0%). Our data supports a negative association between the GG genotype of IL-6 SNP and longevity in Italian centenarians, with males who carry the genotype being two times less likely to reach extreme old age compared with subjects carrying CC or CG genotypes. These findings were not replicated in other European groups suggesting a possible interaction between genetics, sex and environment in reaching longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Di Bona
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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23
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Tonet AC, Nóbrega ODT. Imunossenescência: a relação entre leucócitos, citocinas e doenças crônicas. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2008.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O processo de envelhecimento e sua conseqüência natural – a velhice – constituem uma das maiores preocupações da sociedade moderna, sobretudo devido ao rápido crescimento da parcela idosa da população com relação aos demais grupos etários. Esse crescimento traz mudanças para nossa civilização e desafia a sociedade em diferentes aspectos, especialmente naqueles relativos à saúde humana. Este último talvez seja o mais enfatizado e preocupante, já que a maioria dos idosos apresenta ao menos uma doença crônica e limitações de saúde. Sob o caráter biológico, o processo de envelhecimento é um fenômeno complexo que submete o organismo a inúmeras alterações fisiológicas, afetando sua integridade e permitindo o surgimento das doenças crônicas na velhice, com impacto sobre a saúde e a qualidade de vida do idoso. Dentre os sistemas do organismo, os que mais sofrem efeitos do envelhecimento são o nervoso, o endócrino e o imunológico. Nesta revisão, o processo de envelhecimento é abordado sob a ótica das alterações do sistema imunológico conhecidas como o fenômeno da imunossenescência. São analisados aspectos relacionados a alterações numéricas, morfológicas e funcionais dos diferentes tipos celulares que compõem o sistema, com ênfase para os efeitos biológicos dos principais mediadores inflamatórios (citocinas) para o surgimento das doenças crônico-degenerativas presentes no envelhecimento.
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Mocchegiani E, Malavolta M. Zinc-gene interaction related to inflammatory/immune response in ageing. GENES & NUTRITION 2008; 3:61-75. [PMID: 18850188 PMCID: PMC2467449 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-008-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pivotal role played by zinc-gene interaction in affecting some relevant cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and heat shock proteins (HSP70-2) in ageing, successful ageing (nonagenarians) and the most common age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and infections, is now recognized. The polymorphisms of genes codifying proteins related to the inflammation are predictive on one hand in longevity, on the other hand they are associated with atherosclerosis or severe infections. Since the health life-span has a strong genetic component, which in turn also affected by nutritional factors like zinc, the association of these polymorphisms with innate immune response, zinc ion bioavailability and Metallothioneins (MT) homeostasis is an useful tool to unravel the role played by zinc-gene interactions in longevity, especially due to the inability of MT in zinc release in ageing and chronic inflammation. In ageing, this last fact leads to depressed innate immune response for host defence. In contrast, in very old age the inflammation is lower with subsequent more zinc ion bioavailability, less MT gene expression and satisfactory innate immunity. Therefore, the zinc-gene (IL-6, TNF-alpha, Hsp70-2) interactions, via MT homeostasis, are crucial to achieve successful ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Immunology Center (Laboratory of Nutrigenomic and Immunosenescence), Research Department, INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy,
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25
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Abstract
Biomarkers are increasingly employed in empirical studies of human populations to understand physiological processes that change with age, diseases whose onset appears linked to age, and the aging process itself. In this chapter, we describe some of the most commonly used biomarkers in population aging research, including their collection, associations with other markers, and relationships to health outcomes. We discuss biomarkers of the cardiovascular system, metabolic processes, inflammation, activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and organ functioning (including kidney, lung, and heart). In addition, we note that markers of functioning of the central nervous system and genetic markers are now becoming part of population measurement. Where possible, we detail interrelationships between these markers by providing correlations between high risk levels of each marker from three population-based surveys: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, NHANES 1999-2002, and the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging. NHANES III is used instead of NHANES 1999-2002 when specific markers of interest are available only in NHANES III and when we examine the relationship of biomarkers to mortality which is only known for NHANES III. We also describe summary measures combining biomarkers across systems. Finally, we examine associations between individual markers and mortality and provide information about biomarkers of growing interest for future research in population aging and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Crimmins
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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26
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Tonet A, Karnikowski M, Moraes C, Gomes L, Karnikowski M, Córdova C, Nóbrega O. Association between the -174 G/C promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Brazilian older women. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 41:47-53. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L Gomes
- Universidade Católica de Brasília
| | | | - C Córdova
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasil
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27
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Capurso C, Solfrizzi V, D'Introno A, Colacicco AM, Capurso SA, Semeraro C, Capurso A, Panza F. Interleukin 6 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Gene Polymorphism in Centenarians. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 71:843-8. [PMID: 17506774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent population-based studies identified the magnitude of interleukin 6 (IL6) serum levels as a marker for functional disability, and a predictor of disability and mortality among the elderly. We investigated whether there was evidence in Southern Italy of an association between the IL6 gene variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism and extreme longevity, and tested for the possible interaction of apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles with the IL6 VNTR alleles. Four alleles coding for variants of four different lengths have been identified: allele A [760 base pairs (bp)], allele B (680 bp), allele C (640 bp), and allele D (610 bp). IL6 VNTR and APOE allele and genotype frequencies were studied in a total of 61 centenarians and 94 middle-aged subjects from Southern Italy. The IL6 VNTR allele B was overrepresented in the younger control group compared with centenarians (odds ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.88, Bonferroni p-value < 0.05). No interactions between IL6 VNTR alleles and APOE alleles on the odds ratios to reach extreme longevity were evaluated for the smallest number of subjects in centenarians and younger controls. Our findings suggested that the presence of the IL6 VNTR allele B could be detrimental for reaching extreme longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Capurso
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy.
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28
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Krabbe KS, Mortensen EL, Avlund K, Pilegaard H, Christiansen L, Pedersen AN, Schroll M, Jørgensen T, Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H. Genetic priming of a proinflammatory profile predicts low IQ in octogenarians. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 30:769-81. [PMID: 17913303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within interleukin (IL)-18, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 gene promoter regions are risk factors for cognitive decline in healthy octogenarians, and to isolate the strongest inflammatory biomarkers of cognitive function in the peripheral blood. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was administered to 112 individuals at ages 80 and 85. An IL-18 haplotype was an independent risk factor of poor Performance IQ. The TNF-308GA genotype was related to individual declines in Verbal IQ, and the IL-10-592 CC genotype was related to better Verbal IQ at the age of 80. Circulating levels of TNF-alpha, sTNFRs, and IL-6 were negatively correlated with IQ at age 85 and less strongly to IQ at age 80 with activation of the TNF system as the strongest biomarker. In conclusion, SNPs related to high proinflammatory or low anti-inflammatory activity are independent risk factors of reduced cognitive function in octogenarians. Only the IL-18 haplotype was associated with inflammation in the peripheral blood and only with regard to circulating TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Krabbe
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Franceschi C, Bezrukov V, Blanché H, Bolund L, Christensen K, de Benedictis G, Deiana L, Gonos E, Hervonen A, Yang H, Jeune B, Kirkwood TBL, Kristensen P, Leon A, Pelicci PG, Peltonen L, Poulain M, Rea IM, Remacle J, Robine JM, Schreiber S, Sikora E, Slagboom PE, Spazzafumo L, Stazi MA, Toussaint O, Vaupel JW. Genetics of healthy aging in Europe: the EU-integrated project GEHA (GEnetics of Healthy Aging). Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1100:21-45. [PMID: 17460163 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1395.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the 5-year European Union (EU)-Integrated Project GEnetics of Healthy Aging (GEHA), constituted by 25 partners (24 from Europe plus the Beijing Genomics Institute from China), is to identify genes involved in healthy aging and longevity, which allow individuals to survive to advanced old age in good cognitive and physical function and in the absence of major age-related diseases. To achieve this aim a coherent, tightly integrated program of research that unites demographers, geriatricians, geneticists, genetic epidemiologists, molecular biologists, bioinfomaticians, and statisticians has been set up. The working plan is to: (a) collect DNA and information on the health status from an unprecedented number of long-lived 90+ sibpairs (n = 2650) and of younger ethnically matched controls (n = 2650) from 11 European countries; (b) perform a genome-wide linkage scannning in all the sibpairs (a total of 5300 individuals); this investigation will be followed by linkage disequilibrium mapping (LD mapping) of the candidate chromosomal regions; (c) study in cases (i.e., the 2650 probands of the sibpairs) and controls (2650 younger people), genomic regions (chromosome 4, D4S1564, chromosome 11, 11.p15.5) which were identified in previous studies as possible candidates to harbor longevity genes; (d) genotype all recruited subjects for apoE polymorphisms; and (e) genotype all recruited subjects for inherited as well as epigenetic variability of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The genetic analysis will be performed by 9 high-throughput platforms, within the framework of centralized databases for phenotypic, genetic, and mtDNA data. Additional advanced approaches (bioinformatics, advanced statistics, mathematical modeling, functional genomics and proteomics, molecular biology, molecular genetics) are envisaged to identify the gene variant(s) of interest. The experimental design will also allow (a) to identify gender-specific genes involved in healthy aging and longevity in women and men stratified for ethnic and geographic origin and apoE genotype; (b) to perform a longitudinal survival study to assess the impact of the identified genetic loci on 90+ people mortality; and (c) to develop mathematical and statistical models capable of combining genetic data with demographic characteristics, health status, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- C.I.G.-Interdepartmental Centre "L.Galvani," University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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30
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Salvioli S, Olivieri F, Marchegiani F, Cardelli M, Santoro A, Bellavista E, Mishto M, Invidia L, Capri M, Valensin S, Sevini F, Cevenini E, Celani L, Lescai F, Gonos E, Caruso C, Paolisso G, De Benedictis G, Monti D, Franceschi C. Genes, ageing and longevity in humans: problems, advantages and perspectives. Free Radic Res 2007; 40:1303-23. [PMID: 17090420 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600917136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological data indicate the presence of a strong familial component of longevity that is largely determined by genetics, and a number of possible associations between longevity and allelic variants of genes have been described. A breakthrough strategy to get insight into the genetics of longevity is the study of centenarians, the best example of successful ageing. We review the main results regarding nuclear genes as well as the mitochondrial genome, focusing on the investigations performed on Italian centenarians, compared to those from other countries. These studies produced interesting results on many putative "longevity genes". Nevertheless, many discrepancies are reported, likely due to the population-specific interactions between gene pools and environment. New approaches, including large-scale studies using high-throughput techniques, are urgently needed to overcome the limits of traditional association studies performed on a limited number of polymorphisms in order to make substantial progress to disentangle the genetics of a trait as complex as human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salvioli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Tan Q, Kruse TA, Christensen K. Design and analysis in genetic studies of human ageing and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2006; 5:371-87. [PMID: 16337437 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the success of the Human Genome Project and taking advantage of the recent developments in high-throughput genotyping techniques as well as in functional genomics, it is now feasible to collect vast quantities of genetic data with the aim of deciphering the genetics of human complex traits. As a result, the amount of research on human ageing and longevity has been growing rapidly in recent years. The situation raises questions concerning efficient choice of study population, sampling schemes, and methods of data analysis. In this article, we summarize the key issues in genetic studies of human ageing and longevity ranging from research design to statistical analyses. We discuss the virtues and drawbacks of the multidisciplinary approaches including the population-based cross-sectional and cohort studies, family-based linkage analysis, and functional genomics studies. Different analytical approaches are illustrated with their performances compared. In addition, important research topics are highlighted together with experiment design and data analyzing issues to serve as references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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32
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Ravaglia G, Forti P, Maioli F, Chiappelli M, Dolzani P, Martelli M, Bianchin M, Mariani E, Bolondi L, Licastro F. Associations of the -174 G/C interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphism with serum interleukin 6 and mortality in the elderly. Biogerontology 2006; 6:415-23. [PMID: 16518703 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-005-4908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serum interleukin-6 (sIL6) is an acknowledged predictor of all-cause mortality in older age. A common G/C polymorphism has been identified at position -174 of the IL6 gene promoter (IL6-174G>C), but its associations with sIL6 and mortality are still unclear. Data from a population-based elderly cohort (n=824) were used to study the associations of baseline sIL6 with the IL6-174 C-allele (C+) carrier status and all-cause mortality at 4 years, in the presence and absence of preexisting major diseases (PMD). Analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic factors and body-mass-index. Three-hundred-eighty-eight participants (47.1%) had PMD. Compared to the bottom sIL6 quartile, mortality increased both in presence [Hazard Ratio (HR)=3.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-6.25] and absence of PMD [HR=3.91; 95%CI: 1.42-10.72] for the third higher sIL6 quartile, but only in presence of PMD for the top sIL6 quartile [HR=2.30; 95%CI: 1.09-4.83]. In absence of PMD, C+ carrier status did not affect both sIL6 and mortality. In presence of PMD, C+ carrier status was associated with increased baseline sIL6 [odds ratio 2.01; 95%CI: 1.25-3.22, for all sIL6 quartiles above the bottom] but not with increased mortality risk. A survival advantage was even found for C+ carriers with PMD and sIL6 in the top quartile [HR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.13-0.76]. In conclusion, although associated with increased sIL6 levels in presence of major diseases, the IL6-174 C-allele does not seem to have direct detrimental effects on survival in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ravaglia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, and Hepatology, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti, 9-40138, Bologna, Italy.
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33
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Christensen K, Johnson TE, Vaupel JW. The quest for genetic determinants of human longevity: challenges and insights. Nat Rev Genet 2006; 7:436-48. [PMID: 16708071 PMCID: PMC2726954 DOI: 10.1038/nrg1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Twin studies show that genetic differences account for about a quarter of the variance in adult human lifespan. Common polymorphisms that have a modest effect on lifespan have been identified in one gene, APOE, providing hope that other genetic determinants can be uncovered. However, although variants with substantial beneficial effects have been proposed to exist and several candidates have been put forward, their effects have yet to be confirmed. Human studies of longevity face numerous theoretical and logistical challenges, as the determinants of lifespan are extraordinarily complex. However, large-scale linkage studies of long-lived families, longitudinal candidate-gene association studies and the development of analytical methods provide the potential for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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34
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Tan Q, Christiansen L, Bathum L, Zhao JH, Vach W, Vaupel JW, Christensen K, Kruse TA. Haplotype Effects on Human Survival: Logistic Regression Models Applied to Unphased Genotype Data. Ann Hum Genet 2005. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2004.00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Abstract
It has been recognized for some time that cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are, to a major extent, inflammatory disorders associated with an environment characterized by a sedentary lifestyle together with abundant intakes of calories. Systemic low-level inflammation is suggested to be a cause as well as consequence of pathological processes with local tumor necrosis factor alpha production as an important biological driver. It is hypothesized that physical inactivity contributes to an enhanced proinflammatory burden independently of obesity, as regular muscle contractions mediate signals with myokines/cytokines as important messengers, which suppress proinflammatory activity at distant sites as well as within skeletal muscle. Muscle-derived interleukin (IL)-6 is considered to possess a central role in anti-inflammatory activities and health beneficial effects in relation to physical exercise. It is discussed how this fits the consistent observation that enhanced plasma levels of IL-6 represent a strong risk marker in chronic disorders associated with systemic low-level inflammation and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Bruunsgaard
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark.
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36
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Nordfors L, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. End-stage renal disease--not an equal opportunity disease: the role of genetic polymorphisms. J Intern Med 2005; 258:1-12. [PMID: 15953127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite several decades of development in renal replacement therapy, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients continue to have markedly increased morbidity and mortality especially caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). This shows that current strategies, e.g. the focus on dialysis adequacy, to improve the clinical outcome in ESRD patients have to be complemented by novel approaches. Although traditional risk factors are common in dialysis patients they cannot alone explain the unacceptably high prevalence of CVD in this patient group. Much recent interest has therefore focused on the role of various nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as inflammation, vascular calcification and oxidative stress. Recent studies show that genetic factors, such as DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms, may significantly influence the immune response, the levels of inflammatory markers, as well as the prevalence of atherosclerosis in this patient group. To elucidate the respective roles of DNA polymorphisms in genes that encode inflammatory markers (such as IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and other factors that may affect the development of atherosclerosis (such as apolipoprotein E, transforming growth factor and fetuin-A), sufficiently powered studies are needed in which genotype, the protein product and the specific phenotype all are analysed in relation to outcome. The recent developments in the field of genetics have opened up entirely new possibilities to understand the impact of genotype on disease development and progress and thus offer new options and strategies for treatment. It seems conceivable that in the near future, prognostic or predictive multigene DNA assays will provide the nephrological community with a more precise approach for the identification of "high-risk" ESRD patients and the development of accurate individual treatment strategies. For this purpose, integrative studies on genotype-phenotype associations and impact on clinical outcome are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nordfors
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Reiner AP, Diehr P, Browner WS, Humphries SE, Jenny NS, Cushman M, Tracy RP, Walston J, Lumley T, Newman AB, Kuller LH, Psaty BM. Common promoter polymorphisms of inflammation and thrombosis genes and longevity in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. Atherosclerosis 2005; 181:175-83. [PMID: 15939070 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response genes may influence life span or quality at advanced ages. Using data from the population-based cardiovascular health study (CHS) cohort, we examined the associations between promoter polymorphisms of several inflammation and thrombosis genes with longevity. We ascertained genotypes for interleukin (IL)-6 -174 G/C, beta-fibrinogen -455 G/A, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 -675 4G/5G, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) -438 G/A in 2224 men and women > or = 65 years old at baseline. During 10 years of follow-up, men with the TAFI -438 A/A genotype had decreased mortality due to all causes, and lived, on average, 0.9 more years of life, or 1.1 more years of healthy life, than men with the -438 G allele. The effects of TAFI -438 G/A in women were smaller and not statistically significant. PAI-1 4G/4G genotype appeared to be associated with lower non-cardiovascular mortality in men, but with greater cardiovascular mortality in women. In exploratory analyses, we observed a possible interaction among anti-inflammatory drugs, interleukin-6 -174 C/C genotype, and longevity. These findings suggest that modulators of fibrinolytic activity may have a generalized influence on aging, and merit further investigation in studies of genetic determinants of human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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38
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Franceschi C, Olivieri F, Marchegiani F, Cardelli M, Cavallone L, Capri M, Salvioli S, Valensin S, De Benedictis G, Di Iorio A, Caruso C, Paolisso G, Monti D. Genes involved in immune response/inflammation, IGF1/insulin pathway and response to oxidative stress play a major role in the genetics of human longevity: the lesson of centenarians. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:351-61. [PMID: 15621218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review data of recent literature on the distribution in centenarians of candidate germ-line polymorphisms that likely affect the individual chance to reach the extreme limit of human life. On the basis of previous observations on the immunology, endocrinology and cellular biology of centenarians we focused on genes that regulate immune responses and inflammation (IL-6, IL-1 cluster, IL-10), genes involved in the insulin/IGF-I signalling pathway and genes that counteract oxidative stress (PON1). On the whole, data indicate that polymorphisms of these genes likely contribute to human longevity, in accord with observations emerging from a variety of animal models, and suggest that a common core of master genes and metabolic pathways are responsible for aging and longevity across animal species. Moreover, in the concern of our plan to discover new genetic factors related to longevity, we explored the possibility to by-pass the need of an a-priori choice of candidate genes, extending the search to genes and genomic regions of still unknown function. Alu sequences may be considered as good markers of highly variable and potentially unstable loci in functionally important genomic regions. We extensively screened Alu-rich genomic sites and found a new genomic region associated with longevity.
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Tan Q, Christiansen L, Bathum L, Zhao JH, Yashin AI, Vaupel JW, Christensen K, Kruse TA. Estimating haplotype relative risks on human survival in population-based association studies. Hum Hered 2005; 59:88-97. [PMID: 15838178 DOI: 10.1159/000085223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Association-based linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping is an increasingly important tool for localizing genes that show potential influence on human aging and longevity. As haplotypes contain more LD information than single markers, a haplotype-based LD approach can have increased power in detecting associations as well as increased robustness in statistical testing. In this paper, we develop a new statistical model to estimate haplotype relative risks (HRRs) on human survival using unphased multilocus genotype data from unrelated individuals in cross-sectional studies. Based on the proportional hazard assumption, the model can estimate haplotype risk and frequency parameters, incorporate observed covariates, assess interactions between haplotypes and the covariates, and investigate the modes of gene function. By introducing population survival information available from population statistics, we are able to develop a procedure that carries out the parameter estimation using a nonparametric baseline hazard function and estimates sex-specific HRRs to infer gene-sex interaction. We also evaluate the haplotype effects on human survival while taking into account individual heterogeneity in the unobserved genetic and nongenetic factors or frailty by introducing the gamma-distributed frailty into the survival function. After model validation by computer simulation, we apply our method to an empirical data set to measure haplotype effects on human survival and to estimate haplotype frequencies at birth and over the observed ages. Results from both simulation and model application indicate that our survival analysis model is an efficient method for inferring haplotype effects on human survival in population-based association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, KKA, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
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Hurme M, Lehtimäki T, Jylhä M, Karhunen PJ, Hervonen A. Interleukin-6 −174G/C polymorphism and longevity: a follow-up study. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:417-8. [PMID: 15664628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased rate of inflammation has been observed to be associated with aging. This is manifested, e.g. as increased blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). The production of IL-6 is, at least partially, genetically determined the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the promoter (-174G/C) being decisive. Consequently, some studies have demonstrated that the -174G/C genotype frequencies are different in very old persons as compared to younger ones. However, the results published this far have been conflicting. One of the main confounding factors in these kind of case/control association studies is the undetected difference in the population structure. To avoid this, we now have collected the mortality data of our cohort of 285 nonagenarians (representing mortality between 90 and 95 years of age) and correlated these to the IL-6 genotype. The frequency of -174 allele G was clearly higher in the survivors (n = 114) than in the non-survivors (n = 171).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere University Hospital, FIN-33014, Tampere, Finland.
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Berger FG. The interleukin-6 gene: a susceptibility factor that may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 88:281-5. [PMID: 15609131 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-0726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer prognosis differs among racial and ethnic groups. Though the incidence of breast cancer is lower in African-Americans than in Caucasians, mortality is higher. While socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle issues are undoubtedly important in such disparities, genetic factors that differ among populations and that are involved in the molecular pathways regulating tumor development may also play roles. In this communication, I summarize recent investigations of the gene encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and suggest that this gene is a susceptibility factor that determines racial and/or ethnic differences in breast cancer survival. Published studies of a G/C polymorphism at nucleotide -174 within the promoter region of the IL-6 gene are consistent with this suggestion. This polymorphism alters expression of the cytokine. In addition, allele and genotype frequencies at the -174 site differ dramatically among racial and ethnic groups. Finally, the variant genotypes are associated with alterations in breast cancer survival. In all, these observations argue for additional studies of the IL-6 gene polymorphism as a predisposing genetic factor that contributes to racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin G Berger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Coker Life Sciences Building, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Christiansen L, Bathum L, Frederiksen H, Christensen K. Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and survival. Eur J Hum Genet 2004; 12:843-7. [PMID: 15241482 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has previously been suggested to confer protection against coronary heart disease (CHD), one of the main causes of death in the Western world. Two coding polymorphisms, 55M/L and 192Q/R, and a promoter variant, -107C/T, has been extensively studied with respect to susceptibility to CHD. In this study, we have investigated the impact of these three polymorphisms on mortality using a sample of 1932 Danish individuals aged 47-93 years, previously used in gene-longevity studies. A cross-sectional study comparing the genotype distribution of the three polymorphisms separately as well as the haplotype distribution in different age groups did not reveal any difference. However, a longitudinal follow-up study on survival in the same sample indicated that 192RR homozygotes have a poorer survival compared to QQ homozygotes (hazard rate: 1.38, P = 0.04). We hereafter used an independent sample of 541 Danish individuals from the oldest cohort and confirmed the initial findings (hazard rate: 1.38, P = 0.09). In both samples, the effect was most pronounced in women. Using self-reported data on ischemic heart disease to evaluate the impact of the PON 192Q/R polymorphism on susceptibility to CHD, we found only a nonsignificant trend of 192RR homozygosity in women being a risk factor. Our results thus indicates that PON1 192RR homozygosity is associated with increased mortality in women in the second half of life and that this increased mortality is possibly related to CHD severity and survival after CHD rather than susceptibility to development of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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