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Baarz BR, Rink L. Rebalancing the unbalanced aged immune system - A special focus on zinc. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101541. [PMID: 34915196 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, aging is understood as a dynamic and multifaceted dysregulation process that spares almost no human organ or cell. The immune system being among the most affected, it has been shown predominantly that its integrity determines the tightrope walk between the difference of escaping or suffering from age-related diseases. Next to drug-based anti-aging strategies, micronutrient intervention may represent an emerging but less radical way to slow immune aging. While a sufficient supply of a variety of micronutrients is undeniably important, adequate intake of the trace element zinc appears to tower over others in terms of reaching old age. Inconveniently, zinc deficiency prevalence among the elderly is high, which in turn contributes to increased susceptibility to infection, decreased anti-tumor immunity as well as attenuated response to vaccination. Driven by this research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the various rebalancing capabilities of zinc in the unbalanced immune system of the elderly. This includes an in-depth and cell type-centered discussion on the role of zinc in immunosenescence and inflammaging. We further address upcoming translational aspects e.g. how zinc deficiency promotes the flourishing of certain pathogenic taxa of the gut microbiome and how zinc supply counteracts such alterations in a manner that may contribute to longevity. In the light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we also briefly review current knowledge on the interdependency between age, zinc status, and respiratory infections. Based on two concrete examples and considering the latest findings in the field we conclude our remarks by outlining tremendous parallels between suboptimal zinc status and accelerated aging on the one hand and an optimized zinc status and successful aging on the other hand.
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Norman K, Haß U, Pirlich M. Malnutrition in Older Adults-Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients 2021; 13:2764. [PMID: 34444924 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also with physical decline, which has wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living and quality of life in general. Malnutrition is common and may also contribute to the development of the geriatric syndromes in older adults. Malnutrition in the old is reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, but hidden deficiencies such as micronutrient deficiencies are more difficult to assess and therefore frequently overlooked in the community-dwelling old. In developed countries, the most cited cause of malnutrition is disease, as both acute and chronic disorders have the potential to result in or aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, as higher age is one risk factor for developing disease, older adults have the highest risk of being at nutritional risk or becoming malnourished. However, the aetiology of malnutrition is complex and multifactorial, and the development of malnutrition in the old is most likely also facilitated by ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in old adults spanning from age-related changes to disease-associated risk factors, and outlines remaining challenges in the understanding, identification as well as treatment of malnutrition, which in some cases may include targeted supplementation of macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone is not sufficient to meet age-specific requirements.
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Abstract
The importance of zinc (Zn) for cardiovascular health continuously gains recognition. As shown earlier, compromised Zn homeostasis and prolonged inflammation are common features in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Similarly, Zn biochemistry alters several vascular processes, and Zn status is an important feature of cardiovascular health. Zn deficiency contributes to the development of CVDs; thus, Zn manipulations, including Zn supplementation, are beneficial for preventing and treating numerous cardiovascular (CV) disorders. Finally, additional long-term, well-designed studies, performed in various population groups, should be pursued to further clarify significant relationships between Zn and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Giacconi R, Giuli C, Casoli T, Balietti M, Costarelli L, Provinciali M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Postacchini D, Galeazzi R, Fattoretti P, Nisi L, Fabbietti P, Papa R, Malavolta M. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease influence Zinc and Copper homeostasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:58-63. [PMID: 31345366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. An altered homeostasis of Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu), as well as a dysregulated expression of Zn-regulatory proteins have been previously described in AD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) are commonly used as AD treatment to improve cognitive function, but their effect on Zn homeostasis is still unexplored. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to define the metal dyshomeostasis in AD patients, to investigate AChEI influence on Zn homeostasis and inflammation, and to analyze the relationship between cognitive impairment at two-year follow-up and metal concentrations, considering AChEI use. METHODS AND RESULTS 84 Healthy Elderly (HE) and 95 AD patients were enrolled (62 AchEI user and 33 AchEI naïve). HE showed similar plasma Zn and Cu concentrations and Cu/Zn ratio in comparison to AChEI users, but significantly higher Zn level, as well as lower Cu amount and Cu/Zn ratio than AChEI naïve patients. Moreover, AChEI users had increased Zn plasma level, reduced Cu amount, Cu/Zn ratio, and IL1β concentration and lower Zip2 lymphocytic expression vs. naïve patients. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the MMSE score decline after two-year follow-up was reduced by AChEI therapy and was positively associated with plasma Zn decrease over time. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that AChEI use may affect peripheral Zn and Cu homeostasis in AD patients, decrease Cu/Zn ratio demonstrating a general reduction of inflammatory status in patients under AChEI treatment. Finally, AChEI influence on circulating Zn could be implicated in the drug-related slowdown of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
| | - C Giuli
- Geriatrics Operative Unit, IRCCS INRCA, Fermo, Italy
| | - T Casoli
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Balietti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Costarelli
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Postacchini
- Geriatrics Operative Unit, IRCCS INRCA, Fermo, Italy
| | - R Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Fattoretti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Nisi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Fabbietti
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Papa
- Centre of Socio-Economic Gerontological Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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Aydemir TB, Troche C, Kim J, Kim MH, Teran OY, Leeuwenburgh C, Cousins RJ. Aging amplifies multiple phenotypic defects in mice with zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) deletion. Exp Gerontol 2016; 85:88-94. [PMID: 27647172 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and zinc dyshomeostasis are two common hallmarks of aging. A major zinc transporter ZIP14 (slc39a14) is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli, e.g. interleukin-6. We have evaluated the influence of age on the Zip14 KO phenotype using wild-type (WT) and Zip14 knockout (KO) mice. Aging produced a major increase in serum IL-6 concentrations that was dramatically augmented in the Zip14 KO mice. In keeping with enhanced serum IL-6 concentrations, aging produced tissue-specific increases in zinc concentration of skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. Metabolic endotoxemia produced by Zip14 ablation is maintained in aged KO mice. Muscle non-heme iron (NHI) was increased in aged WT mice but not in aged Zip14 KO mice demonstrating NHI uptake by muscle is ZIP14-dependent and increases with age. NF-κB and STAT3 activation was greater in aged mice, but was tissue specific and inversely related to tissue zinc. Micro-CT analysis revealed that Zip14 KO mice had markedly reduced trabecular bone that was greatly amplified with aging. These results demonstrate that the inflammation-responsive zinc transporter ZIP14 has phenotypic effects that are amplified with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolunay Beker Aydemir
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Catalina Troche
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Oriana Y Teran
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert J Cousins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Ostan R, Cevenini E, Gonos ES, Monti D. Micronutrient-gene interactions related to inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity in ageing and inflammation. A systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:29-49. [PMID: 24388876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent longitudinal studies in dietary daily intake in human centenarians have shown that a satisfactory content of some micronutrients within the cells maintain several immune functions, a low grade of inflammation and preserve antioxidant activity. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, selenium) play a pivotal role in maintaining and reinforcing the performances of the immune and antioxidant systems as well as in affecting the complex network of the genes (nutrigenomic) with anti- and pro-inflammatory tasks. Genes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and some key regulators of trace elements homeostasis, such as Metallothioneins (MT), are involved in the susceptibility to major geriatric disease/disorders. Moreover, the genetic inter-individual variability may affect the nutrients' absorption (nutrigenetic) with altered effects on inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity. The interaction between genetic factors and micronutrients (nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic approaches) may influence ageing and longevity because the micronutrients may become also toxic. This review reports the micronutrient-gene interactions in ageing and their impact on the healthy state with a focus on the method of protein-metal speciation analysis. The association between micronutrient-gene interactions and the protein-metal speciation analysis can give a complete picture for a personalized nutrient supplementation or chelation in order to reach healthy ageing and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Cevenini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Basso A, Malavolta M. Micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe)-gene interactions in ageing and inflammatory age-related diseases: implications for treatments. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:297-319. [PMID: 22322094 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In ageing, alterations in inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant capacity lead to increased susceptibility to diseases and loss of mobility and agility. Various essential micronutrients in the diet are involved in age-altered biological functions. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, iron) play a pivotal role either in maintaining and reinforcing the immune and antioxidant performances or in affecting the complex network of genes (nutrigenomic approach) involved in encoding proteins for a correct inflammatory/immune response. By the other side, the genetic inter-individual variability may affect the absorption and uptake of the micronutrients (nutrigenetic approach) with subsequent altered effects on inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the individual micronutrient-gene interactions are fundamental to achieve healthy ageing. In this review, we report and discuss the role of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe)-gene interactions in relation to the inflammatory status and the possibility of a supplement in the event of a micronutrient deficiency or chelation in presence of micronutrient overload in relation to specific polymorphisms of inflammatory proteins or proteins related of the delivery of the micronutriemts to various organs and tissues. In this last context, we report the protein-metal speciation analysis in order to have, coupled with micronutrient-gene interactions, a more complete picture of the individual need in micronutrient supplementation or chelation to achieve healthy ageing and longevity.
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Stathopoulou MG, Kanoni S, Papanikolaou G, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T, Dedoussis G. Mineral Intake. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science 2012; 108:201-36. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kayaaltı Z, Şahiner L, Durakoğlugil ME, Söylemezoğlu T. Distributions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter and metallothionein 2A (MT2A) core promoter region gene polymorphisms and their associations with aging in Turkish population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 53:354-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kanoni S, Nettleton JA, Hivert MF, Ye Z, van Rooij FJ, Shungin D, Sonestedt E, Ngwa JS, Wojczynski MK, Lemaitre RN, Gustafsson S, Anderson JS, Tanaka T, Hindy G, Saylor G, Renstrom F, Bennett AJ, van Duijn CM, Florez JC, Fox CS, Hofman A, Hoogeveen RC, Houston DK, Hu FB, Jacques PF, Johansson I, Lind L, Liu Y, McKeown N, Ordovas J, Pankow JS, Sijbrands EJ, Syvänen AC, Uitterlinden AG, Yannakoulia M, Zillikens MC, Wareham NJ, Prokopenko I, Bandinelli S, Forouhi NG, Cupples LA, Loos RJ, Hallmans G, Dupuis J, Langenberg C, Ferrucci L, Kritchevsky SB, McCarthy MI, Ingelsson E, Borecki IB, Witteman JC, Orho-Melander M, Siscovick DS, Meigs JB, Franks PW, Dedoussis GV. Total zinc intake may modify the glucose-raising effect of a zinc transporter (SLC30A8) variant: a 14-cohort meta-analysis. Diabetes 2011; 60:2407-16. [PMID: 21810599 PMCID: PMC3161318 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many genetic variants have been associated with glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is important for β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that zinc intake could influence the glucose-raising effect of specific variants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a 14-cohort meta-analysis to assess the interaction of 20 genetic variants known to be related to glycemic traits and zinc metabolism with dietary zinc intake (food sources) and a 5-cohort meta-analysis to assess the interaction with total zinc intake (food sources and supplements) on fasting glucose levels among individuals of European ancestry without diabetes. RESULTS We observed a significant association of total zinc intake with lower fasting glucose levels (β-coefficient ± SE per 1 mg/day of zinc intake: -0.0012 ± 0.0003 mmol/L, summary P value = 0.0003), while the association of dietary zinc intake was not significant. We identified a nominally significant interaction between total zinc intake and the SLC30A8 rs11558471 variant on fasting glucose levels (β-coefficient ± SE per A allele for 1 mg/day of greater total zinc intake: -0.0017 ± 0.0006 mmol/L, summary interaction P value = 0.005); this result suggests a stronger inverse association between total zinc intake and fasting glucose in individuals carrying the glucose-raising A allele compared with individuals who do not carry it. None of the other interaction tests were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher total zinc intake may attenuate the glucose-raising effect of the rs11558471 SLC30A8 (zinc transporter) variant. Our findings also support evidence for the association of higher total zinc intake with lower fasting glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Kanoni
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Jennifer A. Nettleton
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Zheng Ye
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Frank J.A. van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative–Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julius S. Ngwa
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary K. Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Georgia Saylor
- Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Frida Renstrom
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda J. Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative–Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Diabetes Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative–Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Denise K. Houston
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul F. Jacques
- Nutrition Epidemiology Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (USDA HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nicola McKeown
- Nutrition Epidemiology Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (USDA HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James S. Pankow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eric J.G. Sijbrands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative–Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative–Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nick J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Nita G. Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Ruth J. Loos
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacqueline C.M. Witteman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative–Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - David S. Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Clinical Epidemiology Unit and Diabetes Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Basso A, Malavolta M. Zinc, metallothioneins and immunosenescence: effect of zinc supply as nutrigenomic approach. Biogerontology 2011; 12:455-65. [PMID: 21503725 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-011-9337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable biological process associated with gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes and increased susceptibility to diseases. Nutritional factor, zinc, known to be involved in improving immunity, may remodel some of the age-associated changes, leading to a healthy ageing. "In Vitro" studies involving human lymphocytes exposed to endotoxins, and "in vivo" studies comparing old and young mice fed with low dietary zinc suggest that zinc is important for both innate and adaptive immune efficiency, and more optimal inflammatory/immune response. The intracellular zinc homeostasis is mainly regulated by Metallothioneins (MT), via ion release through the reduction of thiol groups in MT molecule. These processes are crucial because mediating the zinc signalling within the immune cells assigning to zinc a role of "second messenger". Zinc homeostasis is altered in ageing partly due to higher expression levels of MT, leading to an increased sequestration of zinc, resulting in less availability of free intracellular zinc. Improvement of immune functions and stress response systems occurs in elderly after physiological zinc supplementation. The main reason behind these effects seems to be related to a like "hormetic" response induced by zinc. However, the choice of old subjects for zinc supplementation has to be performed in relationship to the specific genetic background of MT and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) because the latter is involved both in MT gene expression and in intracellular zinc homeostasis. Old subjects carrying GG genotypes (termed C- carriers) in IL-6--174G/C locus display increased IL-6 production, low intracellular zinc ion availability, impaired innate immune response and enhanced MT. By contrast, old subjects carrying GC and CC genotypes (termed C+ carriers) in the same IL-6--174 locus displayed satisfactory intracellular zinc and innate immune response. Moreover, male carriers of C+ allele are more prone to reach centenarian age than C- ones. Therefore, old C- subjects are likely to benefit more from zinc supplementation restoring NK cell cytotoxicity and improving the zinc status. Plasma zinc deficiency and the altered immune response is more evident when the genetic variations of IL-6 polymorphism are associated with the genetic variations of MT1A in position +647, suggesting that the genetic variations of IL-6 and MT1A are very useful tools for the identification of old people who effectively need zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Nutrition and Ageing Centre, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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Onder G, Capoluongo E, Giovannini S, Concolino P, Russo A, Liperoti R, Bernabei R, Landi F. Interaction between GSTM1 genotype and IL-6 on mortality in older adults: results from the ilSIRENTE study. Cytokine 2010; 53:301-5. [PMID: 21169033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inflammatory process is related to oxidative stress and inflammation was proven to be a strong determinant of the aging process and to ultimately lead to death. The aim of the present study was to assess if, in a population of older adults, the effect of antioxidant genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes on mortality may differ depending on levels of inflammation. METHODS Data are from 353 older persons aged ≥80 years enrolled in the ilSIRENTE study. Study population was divided into two groups computed based on the median value of serum IL-6 (low IL-6, n=177 and high IL-6, n=176). All participants were followed up for 48 months. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 85.8 years (Standard Deviation 4.8), 235 (66.6%) were women. Overall 48/177 participant (27.1%) in the low IL-6 group died during the study period, compared with 97/176 (55.1%) in the high IL-6 group (p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, GSTM1 wildtype had no effect on mortality in the low IL-6 group (RR=1.07; 95% CI 0.46-2.47), but it was associated with a significant lower mortality rate in the high IL-6 level (RR=0.33; 95% CI 0.15-0.69). Testing the interaction between IL-6 and GSTM1 genotype, we found a significant result (p=0.02). No significant effect of GSTT1 genotype on mortality was shown in participants with low and high IL-6 level. CONCLUSION GSTM1 wildtype is associated with reduced mortality among older adults with high levels of inflammation, but not among those with low levels of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Onder
- Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Schiffrin EJ, Morley JE, Donnet-Hughes A, Guigoz Y. The inflammatory status of the elderly: the intestinal contribution. Mutat Res 2009; 690:50-6. [PMID: 19666034 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A common finding in the elderly population is a chronic subclinical inflammatory status that coexists with immune dysfunction. These interconnected processes are of sufficient magnitude to impact health and survival time. In this review we discuss the different signals that may stimulate the inflammatory process in the aging population as well as the molecular and cellular components that can participate in the initiation, the modulation or termination of the said process. A special interest has been devoted to the intestine as a source of signals that can amplify local and systemic inflammation. Sentinel cells in the splanchnic area are normally exposed to more than one stimulus at a given time. In the intestine of the elderly, endogenous molecules produced by the cellular aging process and stress as well as exogenous evolutionarily conserved molecules from bacteria, are integrated into a network of receptors and molecular signalling pathways that result in chronic inflammatory activation. It is thus possible that nutritional interventions which modify the intestinal ecology can diminish the pro-inflammatory effects of the microbiota and thereby reinforce the mucosal barrier or modulate the cellular activation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Schiffrin
- Nestlé Nutrition, HealthCare Nutrition, Route des Avouillons 30, CH-1196 Gland, Nestec Ltd., Vevey, Switzerland
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Malaguarnera L, Cristaldi E, Malaguarnera M. The role of immunity in elderly cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 74:40-60. [PMID: 19577481 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of malignancies in elderly patients living in industrialized countries has led to both identify the causes that alter the normal homeostatic balance in elderly and designate the specific treatments. The progressive decline of the immune system (immunosenescence) involving cellular and molecular alterations impact both innate and adaptive immunity. The immunosenescence leads to increased incidence of infectious diseases morbidity and mortality as well as heightened rates of other immune disorders such as autoimmunity, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. Here, we summarize the knowledge on the major changes in the immune system associated with aging in primary lymphoid organs as well as a description of molecular mechanisms, and the impact on cancer development.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although interactions between fat soluble micronutrients and lipid metabolism in relation to absorption, status and body composition have been well described, there is new evidence to suggest that key genes have profound effects on how micronutrients and lipids are handled in a range of cells and organs. This review highlights the importance of genetic variation in folate, selenium, zinc and carotenoid metabolism and the recent findings of micro-macro nutrient interactions. RECENT FINDINGS Although the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene has been linked to CVD for some time, recent findings indicate that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene are also linked to diabetes and may influence the pathogenesis of this disease through elevated alanine amino transferase concentrations. A recent selenium supplementation trial showed that SNPs can affect responses of GPx4, GPx1 and GPx3 protein expression or activity in response to Se supplementation or withdrawal. There is convincing evidence to suggest that the high variability of plasma carotenoids seen in human populations is at least partly caused by multiple genetic variations in genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transfer. The most striking evidence of an interaction between carotenoid and lipid metabolism, however, comes from the observation that BCMO1 mice develop liver steatosis independent of the vitamin A content of the diet, and the discovery of common SNPs in this gene indicates that this interaction might be of clinical significance. SUMMARY Knowledge of genetic variants that affect micronutrient metabolism and responses to micronutrient supplementation were until recently largely limited to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. However, identification of novel functional SNPs in BCMO1, the critical enzyme of beta-carotene metabolism, and in several key selenoproteins indicates the potential importance of micronutrient-gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Lietz
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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