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Alesci A, Di Paola D, Fumia A, Marino S, D’Iglio C, Famulari S, Albano M, Spanò N, Lauriano ER. Internal Defense System of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819): Ecological Role of Hemocytes as Biomarkers for Thiacloprid and Benzo[a]Pyrene Pollution. TOXICS 2023; 11:731. [PMID: 37755742 PMCID: PMC10537264 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of pollutants, such as thiacloprid and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), into the waters of urbanized coastal and estuarine areas through fossil fuel spills, domestic and industrial waste discharges, atmospheric inputs, and continental runoff poses a major threat to the fauna and flora of the aquatic environment and can have a significant impact on the internal defense system of invertebrates such as mussels. Using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and anti-inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) antibodies for the first time, this work aims to examine hemocytes in the mantle and gills of M. galloprovincialis as biomarkers of thiacloprid and B[a]P pollution and analyze their potential synergistic effect. To pursue this objective, samples were exposed to the pollutants, both individually and simultaneously. Subsequently, oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated by enzymatic analysis, while tissue changes and the number of hemocytes in the different contaminated groups were assessed via histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Our findings revealed that in comparison to a single exposure, the two pollutants together significantly elevated oxidative stress. Moreover, our data may potentially enhance knowledge on how TLR2 and iNOS work as part of the internal defense system of bivalves. This would help in creating new technologies and strategies, such as biosensors, that are more suitable for managing water pollution, and garnering new details on the condition of the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastian Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Claudio D’Iglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sergio Famulari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
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Strehse JS, Maser E. Marine bivalves as bioindicators for environmental pollutants with focus on dumped munitions in the sea: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 158:105006. [PMID: 32501270 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The seas worldwide are threatened by a "new" source of pollution. Munitions dumped into the seas worldwide will corrode and start to leak. Their impacts on the environment and on human health are now more than ever subject of scientific research. Bivalves are a first choice bioindicator and their importance is demonstrated in numerous worldwide studies as well as their integration in important monitoring programs. In this review, the use of mussels in context with marine pollutants in recent years is pointed out in general but with a special focus on dumped conventional and chemical munitions. Monitoring experiments with mussels are able to generate large data sets, which should be mandatory included in decision support tools to increase their weight of evidence. The usefulness of mussels with regard to dumped munitions has clearly been documented in recent years and the further application of this important biomonitoring system is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Strehse
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Świacka K, Maculewicz J, Smolarz K, Szaniawska A, Caban M. Mytilidae as model organisms in the marine ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113082. [PMID: 31472454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing production and consumption of pharmaceuticals is a global problem. Due to insufficient data on the concentration and distribution of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment, there are no appropriate legal regulations concerning their emission. In order to understand all aspects of the fate of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment and their effect on marine biota, it is necessary to find the most appropriate model organism for this purpose. This paper presents an overview of the ecotoxicological studies of pharmaceuticals, regarding the assessment of Mytilidae as suitable organisms for biomonitoring programs and toxicity tests. The use of mussels in the monitoring of pharmaceuticals allows the observation of changes in the concentration and distribution of these compounds. This in turn gives valuable information on the amount of pharmaceutical pollutants released into the environment in different areas. In this context, information necessary for the assessment of risks related to pharmaceuticals in the marine environment are provided based on what effective management procedures can be developed. However, the accumulation capacity of individual Mytilidae species, the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and their biological effects should be further scrutinized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Szaniawska
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Höher N, Turja R, Brenner M, Nyholm JR, Östin A, Leffler P, Butrimavičienė L, Baršienė J, Halme M, Karjalainen M, Niemikoski H, Vanninen P, Broeg K, Lehtonen KK, Berglind R. Toxic effects of chemical warfare agent mixtures on the mussel Mytilus trossulus in the Baltic Sea: A laboratory exposure study. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:112-122. [PMID: 30850117 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Baltic blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) were implemented to assess potential toxicity, health impairments and bioaccumulation of dumped chemical warfare agents on marine benthic organisms. Mussels were collected from a pristine cultivation side and exposed under laboratory conditions to different mixtures of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) related phenyl arsenic compounds, Clark I and Adamsite as well as chloroacetophenone. Using a multi-biomarker approach, mussels were assessed thereafter for effects at different organisational levels ranging from geno-to cytotoxic effects, differences in enzyme kinetics and immunological responses. In an integrated approach, chemical analysis of water and tissue of the test organisms was performed in parallel. The results show clearly that exposed mussels bioaccumulate the oxidized forms of chemical warfare agents Clark I, Adamsite (DAox and DMox) and, to a certain extent, also chloroacetophenone into their tissues. Adverse effects in the test organisms at subcellular and functional level, including cytotoxic, immunotoxic and oxidative stress effects were visible. These acute effects occurred even at the lowest test concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Höher
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Raisa Turja
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Brenner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | | | - Anders Östin
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Cementvägen 20, 90182, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Leffler
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Cementvägen 20, 90182, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Laura Butrimavičienė
- Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Baršienė
- Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mia Halme
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maaret Karjalainen
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Niemikoski
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Vanninen
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Broeg
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Kari K Lehtonen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rune Berglind
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Cementvägen 20, 90182, Umeå, Sweden
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Péden R, Rocher B, Chan P, Vaudry D, Poret A, Olivier S, Le Foll F, Bultelle F. Highly polluted life history and acute heat stress, a hazardous mix for blue mussels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:594-606. [PMID: 30301078 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal sessile organisms constitute through their life history unintended stress recorders. This study focuses on the impact of pollution on Mytilus edulis ability to cope with an additional stress. For this purpose, two acclimation stages to different temperatures were conducted before an acute stress exposure in mussels collected from a heavily polluted site. Gill proteomes were analyzed by 2DE and regulated proteins identified. Massive mortality was observed for organisms acclimated to colder temperatures. Despite this major difference, both groups shared a common response with a strong representation of proteoforms corresponding to "folding, sorting and degradation" processes. Nevertheless, surviving mussels exhibit a marked increase in protein degradation consistent with the observed decrease of cell defense proteins. Mussels acclimated to warmer temperature response is essentially characterized by an improved heat shock response. These results show the differential ability of mussels to face both pollution and acute heat stress, particularly for low-acclimated organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Péden
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | - Béatrice Rocher
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- Platform in proteomics PISSARO IRIB, Rouen University, Normandy University, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Platform in proteomics PISSARO IRIB, Rouen University, Normandy University, France; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differenciation and Communication, INSERM U982, Rouen University, Normandy University, France
| | - Agnès Poret
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Stéphanie Olivier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Frank Le Foll
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
| | - Florence Bultelle
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, France
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Investigating the establishment of primary cultures of hemocytes from Mytilus edulis. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1205-1220. [PMID: 29511945 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic influences on the environment have been become a focal point for many social and political endeavors. With an ever-increasing rate of new contaminants being introduced into the environment every year, regulatory policies have begun to shift to prevention rather than mitigation. However, current in vivo testing strategies, in addition to ethical considerations, are too expensive and time consuming to adequately screen potential contaminants within a realistic timeframe. As a result, in vitro testing on cell cultures has been identified as an ideal alternative testing strategy for emerging contaminants. In the context of ecotoxicology, in vitro testing has had limited use particularly with marine invertebrates like the marine mussel Mytilus edulis mainly due to difficulties in establishing longer term cell cultures and cell lines. The aim of this study was to define an optimal technique (extraction and maintenance) for establishing a primary cell culture on M. edulis hemocytes that could be used for screening contaminants.
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