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Levallois A, Vivier B, Caplat C, Goux D, Orvain F, Lebel JM, Claquin P, Chasselin L, Basuyaux O, Serpentini A. Aluminium-based galvanic anode impacts the photosynthesis of microphytobenthos and supports the bioaccumulation of metals released. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106501. [PMID: 36989926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have looked at the potential biological effects of degradation products of galvanic anodes particularly on primary producers which are central to food webs in marine ecosystems. The galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) is widely used to protect submerged metallic structures from corrosion. Aluminium (Al) and zinc (Zn) are the main constituents of galvanic anodes and are therefore released in the marine environment by oxidation process to form ions or oxy-hydroxides. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the metals released from an aluminium-based galvanic anode on microphytobenthos performance in term of biofilm growing through the analysis of photosynthetic parameters, the determination of chlorophyll and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The bioaccumulation of Al and Zn were measured in the microphytobenthic compartment collected at the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plates exposed during 13 days to seawaters enriched in different concentrations of metals released from dissolution of one anode. Determination of bioconcentration factors confirmed that the microphytobenthos has incorporated Al. A significative effect was observed on the Chl a concentration for the higher tested concentration ([Al] = 210.1 ± 60.2 µg L - 1; [Zn] = 20.2 ± 1.4 µg L - 1). The seawater exposed to the anode affected the MPB productivity (ETRIImax) with consequences on acclimatation light (Ek), absorption cross section of PSII (σPII), Fv/Fm and NPQ. Regarding the EPS production, the anode degradation presented an impact on high and low molecular weight of both carbohydrates and protein fractions of microphytobenthos suggesting that EPS play an essential role in sequestering metal contaminants to maintain the integrity of the biological membranes and the functionality of the cellular organelles. The accumulation of Al released by GACP in microphytobenthos cells could lead to physiologic problems in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Levallois
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Baptiste Vivier
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Christelle Caplat
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie (CMABio3), Normandie Univ, US EMerode, Esplanade de la Paix, Université de Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CRISMAT, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, CRISMAT, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Orvain
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascal Claquin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Léo Chasselin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Basuyaux
- Synergie Mer et littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, F-50560 Blainville-sur-Mer
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
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Xu S, Zhu P, Wang C, Zhang D, Pan X. Environmental concentration PFOS as a light shield for lake exopolymers against photodegradation by formation of sandwiched supramolecular nanostructures. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119345. [PMID: 36395569 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
EPS (exopolymers) play a central role in global carbon cycling due to huger amount in aquatic environment, and PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonate) is also ubiquitous and persistent pollutant. Whether and how can PFOS of environmental concentrations affect behavior and fate of EPS was unclear. In this study, for the first time interaction between lake EPS and PFOS of environmental concentrations was visually probed by AFM-IR technique. It was found that EPS could effectively trap PFOS and the latter of environmental concentrations could trigger nanoscale reassembly of the former. Sandwiched PFOS-EPS nanostructures were formed via supramolecular interaction between EPS and PFOS, confirmed by fluorescence quenching titration and FTIR spectroscopy. The PFOS microlayers sandwiched in EPS was proven to be a light shield that could protect EPS from photodegradation because of its high reflectivity and nearly zero absorbance of UV-Vis light. The light shielding effect of PFOS was confirmed by evidences from photodegradation experiments, including change of concentrations of ions released and molecular weight distribution patterns. These novel findings provided valuable information for deep insight into environmental behavior of PFOS and its effects on biogeochemical carbon cycle of biopolymers in global waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Guo S, Wu Y, Zhu M, Sun X. Concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) and their role in the carbon export in the South China Sea and western tropical North Pacific. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105699. [PMID: 35839746 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of TEPs in the carbon cycle remains inadequately understood in oligotrophic tropical oceans. This study investigates TEP concentrations, distributions, sinking behavior and fluxes in the oligotrophic South China Sea (SCS) and western tropical North Pacific (WTNP). The results suggested that TEPs levels were relatively low [< 60 μg Xeq. L-1 (μg xanthan gum equivalent per liter)] in both regions, and they were higher in the epipelagic layer than in deeper layers. TEP concentrations correlated significantly positively with Chl a and picophytoplankton biomass, and TEP-associated carbon contributed significantly to particulate organic carbon (POC) pool in the SCS and WTNP. The sinking flux of TEPs constituted a mean of 61% of the total POC flux in the SCS and 46% in the WTNP, highlighting their important role in carbon export in these areas. Generally, this study should provide good insight into the role TEPs play in the carbon cycle in oligotrophic tropical oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Guo
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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Ho QN, Fettweis M, Spencer KL, Lee BJ. Flocculation with heterogeneous composition in water environments: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118147. [PMID: 35149367 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is a key process for controlling the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water environments and has received considerable attention in the field of water science (e.g., oceanography, limnology, and hydrology), remaining an active area of research. The research on flocculation has been conducted to elucidate the SPM dynamics and to diagnose various environmental issues. The flocculation, sedimentation, and transportation of SPM are closely linked to the compositional and structural properties of flocs. In fact, flocs are highly heterogeneous in terms of composition. However, the lack of comprehensive research on floc composition and structure has led to misconceptions regarding the temporal and spatial dynamics of SPM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneous composition of flocs (e.g., minerals, organic matter, metals, microplastic, engineered nanoparticles) and its effect on their structure and on their fate and transport within aquatic environments. Furthermore, the effects of human activities (e.g., pollutant discharge, construction) on floc composition are discussed.
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Key Words
- AB, Alcian Blue
- CBB, Coomassie Brilliant Blue
- CSPs, Coomassie stainable particles
- DOM, Dissolved organic matter
- ENPs, Engineered nanoparticles
- EPS, Extracellular polymeric substances
- FA, Fulvic acids
- Flocculation
- HA, Humic acids
- HS, Humic substances
- Heterogeneous composition
- Hm, Humin
- LB-EPS, Loosely bound EPS
- MPs, Microplastics
- Microplastics
- OM, Organic matter
- OWFs, Offshore wind farms
- Organic matter
- POM, Particulate organic matter
- SPM, Suspended particulate matter
- Suspended particle matter
- TB-EPS, Tightly bound EPS
- TEP, Transparent exopolymer particles
- TOC, Total organic carbon
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Nguyen Ho
- Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Korea
| | - Michael Fettweis
- Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Kate L Spencer
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Byung Joon Lee
- Energy Environment Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Korea; Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Korea.
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Kim B, Lee J, Noh J, Bae H, Lee C, Ha HJ, Hwang K, Kim DU, Kwon BO, Ha HK, Pierre G, Delattre C, Michaud P, Khim JS. Spatiotemporal variation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) associated with the microphytobenthos of tidal flats in the Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112780. [PMID: 34343754 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical functions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), viz., by-product of microphytobenthos (MPB), in tidal flat system are well documented, but some ecological aspects remain unknown. We investigated MPB biomass (Chl-a), EPS, diatom assemblage, and erodibility in two contrasting tidal flat environments (megatidal vs. macrotidal flat) in the Yellow Sea. Thick biofilms were observed when MPB bloomed, with high Chl-a and increased EPS concentrations. Among diatom genera, Navicula was the most dominant taxa found over the year (mean 41%) in both areas. Compared with non-bloom periods, the erodibility decreased by 54-73% as biofilm thickened during the blooms. It was attributed to the elevated abundance of large-sized (>40 μm) Navicula, which was expected to secrete large amounts of EPS. Overall, we successfully demonstrated spatiotemporal differences of sediment stabilization that significantly related to ecological variations of MPB, and identified the key diatom genus as a "sediment stabilizer" in the typical tidal flats of the Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomgi Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Bae
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Jun Ha
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuwon Hwang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-U Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Ha
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Eswaran R, Khandeparker L. Ecological relevance of high and low nucleic acid content bacteria in a monsoon influenced tropical estuary: Implications on the β-Glucosidase activity. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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