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Fähse M, Orejas C, Titschack J, Försterra G, Richter C, Laudien J. Ecophysiological and behavioural response of juveniles of the Chilean cold-water coral Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis to increasing sediment loads. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21538. [PMID: 38057359 PMCID: PMC10700329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilean Patagonia is a hotspot of biodiversity, harbouring cold-water corals (CWCs) that populate steep walls and overhangs of fjords and channels. Through anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, roadworks, aquafarming and increased landslide frequency, sediment input increases in the fjord region. While the absence of CWCs on moderately steep slopes has been suggested to reflect high vulnerability to sedimentation, experimental evidence has been lacking. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of CWCs to sediment stress, using juvenile Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis as a model. A 12-week aquarium experiment was conducted with three sediment loads: the average natural sediment concentration in Comau Fjord, 100- and 1000-fold higher sediment levels, expected from gravel road use and coastal erosion. Changes in coral mass and calyx dimensions, polyp expansion, tissue retraction and respiration were measured. For CWCs exposed to two and three order of magnitude higher sediment concentrations, 32% and 80% of the animals experienced a decrease in tissue cover, respectively, along with a decrease in respiration rate of 34% and 66%. Under the highest concentration corals showed reduced polyp expansion and a significantly reduced growth of ~ 95% compared to corals at natural concentration. The results show that C. huinayensis is affected by high sediment loads. As human activities that increase sedimentation steadily intensify, coastal planners need to consider detrimental effects on CWCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Fähse
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Covadonga Orejas
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón (IEO, CSIC), Avenida Príncipe de Asturias 70 Bis, 33212, Gijón, Spain
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg - Institute for Advanced Study (HWK), Lehmkuhlenbusch 4, 27753, Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Jürgen Titschack
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Senckenberg Am Meer, Marine Research Department, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Günter Försterra
- Huinay Scientific Field Station, Casilla 462, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Richter
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Universität Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Laudien
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Costa LC, Carvalho CF, Soares ASF, Souza ACP, Bastos EFT, Guimarães ECBT, Santos JC, Carvalho T, Calderari VH, Marinho LS, Marques MRC. Physical and chemical characterization of drill cuttings: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115342. [PMID: 37634349 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Drill cuttings comprise a mixture of rocks generated during drilling activities of exploration and production of oil and gas. These residues' properties are variable, depending on several drilling parameters and drilled rock composition. Many scientific studies have been published regarding the characterization of these residues. Articles summarizing these residues' characteristics and toxicity data are poorly explored in the literature. This work reviews the principal methods used to characterize drill cuttings and data about these residues' properties. Some authors have reported the large content of Zn in drill cuttings. These cuttings can be associated with base fluids (as olefins, varying from C11 to C18), and some time crude oil (high range of TPH, unresolved complex mixtures, and PAH compounds). Acute and chronic toxicity tests have shown negative impacts of different types of fluids, the components of these fluids, and cuttings on other marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Costa
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil.
| | - C F Carvalho
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil
| | - A S F Soares
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - A C P Souza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - E F T Bastos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - E C B T Guimarães
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - J C Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Carvalho
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil; Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - V H Calderari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - L S Marinho
- Environmental Engineering Program, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - M R C Marques
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
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Langenkämper D, Mogstad AA, Hansen IM, Baussant T, Bergsagel Ø, Nilssen I, Frost TK, Nattkemper TW. Exploring time series of hyperspectral images for cold water coral stress response analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272408. [PMID: 35939502 PMCID: PMC9359567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising technology for environmental monitoring with a lot of undeveloped potential due to the high dimensionality and complexity of the data. If temporal effects are studied, such as in a monitoring context, the analysis becomes more challenging as time is added to the dimensions of space (image coordinates) and wavelengths. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the impact of different stressor exposure patterns on the spectrum of the cold water coral Desmophyllum pertusum. 65 coral samples were divided into 12 groups, each group being exposed to different types and levels of particles. Hyperspectral images of the coral samples were collected at four time points from prior to exposure to 6 weeks after exposure. To investigate the relationships between the corals’ spectral signatures and controlled experimental parameters, a new software tool for interactive visual exploration was developed and applied, the HypIX (Hyperspectral Image eXplorer) web tool. HypIX combines principles from exploratory data analysis, information visualization and machine learning-based dimension reduction. This combination enables users to select regions of interest (ROI) in all dimensions (2D space, time point and spectrum) for a flexible integrated inspection. We propose two HypIX workflows to find relationships in time series of hyperspectral datasets, namely morphology-based filtering workflow and embedded driven response analysis workflow. With these HypIX workflows three users identified different temporal and spatial patterns in the spectrum of corals exposed to different particle stressor conditions. Corals exposed to particles tended to have a larger change rate than control corals, which was evident as a shifted spectrum. The responses, however, were not uniform for coral samples undergoing the same exposure treatments, indicating individual tolerance levels. We also observed a good inter-observer agreement between the three HyPIX users, indicating that the proposed workflow can be applied to obtain reproducible HSI analysis results.
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Baussant T, Arnberg M, Lyng E, Ramanand S, Bamber S, Berry M, Myrnes Hansen I, Van Oevelen D, Van Breugel P. Identification of tolerance levels on the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum (Lophelia pertusa) from realistic exposure conditions to suspended bentonite, barite and drill cutting particles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263061. [PMID: 35192627 PMCID: PMC8863230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs are numerous and widespread along the Norwegian continental shelf where oil and gas industry operate. Uncertainties exist regarding their impacts from operational discharges to drilling. Effect thresholds obtained from near-realistic exposure of suspended particle concentrations for use in coral risk modeling are particularly needed. Here, nubbins of Desmophyllum pertusum (Lophelia pertusa) were exposed shortly (5 days, 4h repeated pulses) to suspended particles (bentonite BE; barite BA, and drill cuttings DC) in the range of ~ 4 to ~ 60 mg.l-1 (actual concentration). Physiological responses (respiration rate, growth rate, mucus-related particulate organic carbon OC and particulate organic nitrogen ON) and polyp mortality were then measured 2 and 6 weeks post-exposure to assess long-term effects. Respiration and growth rates were not significantly different in any of the treatments tested compared to control. OC production was not affected in any treatment, but a significant increase of OC:ON in mucus produced by BE-exposed (23 and 48 mg.l-1) corals was revealed 2 weeks after exposure. Polyp mortality increased significantly at the two highest DC doses (19 and 49 mg.l-1) 2 and 6 weeks post-exposure but no significant difference was observed in any of the other treatments compared to the control. These findings are adding new knowledge on coral resilience to short realistic exposure of suspended drill particles and indicate overall a risk for long-term effects at a threshold of ~20 mg.l-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maj Arnberg
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Randaberg, Norway
| | - Emily Lyng
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Randaberg, Norway
| | | | - Shaw Bamber
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Randaberg, Norway
| | - Mark Berry
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Randaberg, Norway
| | - Ingrid Myrnes Hansen
- Ecotone AS, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dick Van Oevelen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ – Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Van Breugel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ – Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, the Netherlands
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