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Puig M, Azarkamand S, Wooldridge C, Selén V, Darbra RM. Insights on the environmental management system of the European port sector. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150550. [PMID: 34601179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research focusses on assessing the environmental performance of European Ports based on a wide representation of EcoPorts members. The data is extracted from the Self-Diagnosis Method (SDM), a concise checklist against which port managers can self-assess the environmental management of their port in relation to the performance of the EcoPorts membership. A total number of 97 ports from 18 different European Maritime States contributed to this evaluation. They have answered questions related to the main components of internationally recognized Environmental Management System (EMS) standards. Similar periodic assessments have been carried out since 2013, allowing for the identification of benchmark performance. The geographical representation and characteristics of the participating ports are given along with the perceived ranking of priority environmental issues based on regular reviews. Air quality has been the top environmental priority for many years, followed by climate change, which has risen rapidly to the second position. Most of the ports have an environmental policy in place (96%) and a compilation of an inventory of significant environmental aspects (92%). Transparency is also very important to ports, with 91% of ports communicating their environmental policy to stakeholders, and 86% of ports making it publicly available on their website. Around 80% of ports have set up an environmental monitoring program, with port waste being the most monitored issue. With regard to services to shipping, more than half of the responding ports are offering on shore power supply (OPS), and one third of them have made LNG bunkering available. In parallel, an increasing number of ports compared with previous exercises (57%) provide differentiated dues for ships that go beyond regulatory standards, with air emissions, waste and climate change being the main target of these discounts. In general, trends over the years have shown a clear improvement of the environmental port performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Puig
- Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sahar Azarkamand
- Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Chris Wooldridge
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Valter Selén
- European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO), Treurenberg 6, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - R M Darbra
- Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Development of Framework for Improved Sustainability in the Canadian Port Sector. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canada Port Authorities (CPAs) are federal entities responsible for managing Canadian Ports with local, national, and international strategic importance. Despite their connection to the Government of Canada, the CPAs inconsistently report sustainability performance and are absent from Canada’s Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS)—a national strategy to operationalize the United Nation’s (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainability initiatives currently used by CPAs only contribute towards attaining 14 of 36 relevant SDG targets, suggesting the need for an additional sustainability framework to achieve the remainder of these targets. This paper proposes a port-specific framework based on disclosures from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to fill performance gaps in current sustainability initiatives. Disclosures were selected in an iterative process based on literature and industry best practices. The framework provides a unified approach for both CPAs and policymakers to attain SDG targets relevant to the Canadian port sector and align sustainability performance with Canada’s FSDS.
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Abstract
Oceans, seas, and marine resources are highly relevant for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Such relevance has given rise to the blue economy approach, where scholars and policymakers see activities carried out in cargo ports from a different perspective. The blue economy approach stresses the emergence of multiple transnational networks in relation to these topics and the development of green ports plus environmental measurements at seaports in general. In this context, our study aimed to review the various scientifically documented methods for measuring environmental performance in ports, ports companies, or port authorities in the maritime transport and inland waterways framework. The study followed a scientometric meta-analytic methodology to accomplish its goals. The study strictly referred to the Environmental Performance in Ports (EPP) and extracted the corpus to analyze data held in five databases embedded in the Web of Science Core Collection. Then, the selection was processed and refined with the PRISMA guidelines to establish the eligibility criteria for articles with the PICOS (Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study) tool. A limited study set was identified. This included port environmental performance indicators and studies that were strongly influenced by the European Sea Ports Organization and Green Marine networks. These were compared based on the ecological Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), scale structure, and diversity in application. Finally, we assessed two measurement forms documented in the scientific research on the subject at a global level and discussed their pros and cons.
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Determinants of Sustainability Reporting in the Present Institutional Context: The Case of Port Managing Bodies. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the practice of sustainability reporting that is specifically focused on the approach applied by port authorities (or port managing bodies—PMBs) and based on surveys as a data collection method, is very limited. Most research consists of single-case studies, only partly covers the different dimensions related to the implementation of sustainability reporting, or is based on content analysis. This paper offers a multidimensional approach of the concept of sustainability reporting based on a global survey yielding 97 complete and valid answers of PMBs. A binomial logistic regression has been conducted to identify those organizational characteristics, whether or not under the control of the PMB, that have the largest explanatory power when it comes to the adoption of the practice of sustainability reporting. The research results present new variables compared to the findings of previous studies, such as proximity to a city, the history of data gathering, and the presence of environmental/social certifications. Furthermore, this paper also investigates how these organizational characteristics are interlinked with external, contextual forces by making use of Institutional Theory. By combining organizational characteristics with information on the institutional environment in which the PMB operates, a more complete image is obtained. The results of this analysis show that myriad different institutional pressures are in play when it comes to having influence over the decision making of PMBs with regard to the adoption of sustainability reporting. Furthermore, several prominent associations between one of the isomorphisms and certain organizational characteristics can be observed.
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Alamoush AS, Ballini F, Ölçer AI. Revisiting port sustainability as a foundation for the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). JOURNAL OF SHIPPING AND TRADE 2021; 6:19. [PMCID: PMC8574933 DOI: 10.1186/s41072-021-00101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Port sustainability studies are increasing rapidly and are skewed toward environmental aspects, while at the same time their results are fragmented, making it difficult to collectively assess conclusions. This study, therefore, aims at building a framework which categorises port actions, measures, and implementation schemes (policy tools to improve the uptake), utilising the critical literature review method. Additionally, linkage of port sustainability to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) is highlighted. Port sustainability includes internal (port side) and external (ships and land transport) actions and measures. The study results form 16 homogeneous and interconnected sustainability categories, including a non-exhaustive list of operationalising measures, encompassing the three dimensions of sustainability (environment, economy and society) while implementation schemes are divided into four groups. Considering that ports are under scrutiny and perceiving growing pressure to improve their sustainable pathways, for example by addressing climate change and energy consumption, the identified ports’ sustainability actions and measures, including the linkage with the UN SDGs, are overarching and multidimensional and seen as a step in achieving far-reaching sustainable implementation. The study’s practical implications guide port policymakers and industry practitioners to go beyond the low hanging fruit (customary practices), and enable them to take reliable decisions for broader sustainability implementation. Additionally, the identified research implications stimulate further academic discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Ballini
- World Maritime University, P.O. Box 500, 201 24 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aykut I. Ölçer
- World Maritime University, P.O. Box 500, 201 24 Malmö, Sweden
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Vrdoljak D, Matić-Skoko S, Peharda M, Uvanović H, Markulin K, Mertz-Kraus R. Otolith fingerprints reveals potential pollution exposure of newly settled juvenile Sparus aurata. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111695. [PMID: 33181962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by a wide range of human activities. Fish otolith chemistry, by creating a unique specific signature, can be used as a natural tag for determining life stage dispersal, spatial connectivity and population structure. In this study, we tested whether differences in otolith composition among juveniles of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, could enable their proper allocation to polluted areas based on higher concentrations of elements related to contaminants. Otoliths were embedded, sectioned and analysed by LA-ICP-MS in line scan mode. Multivariate analysis confirmed clear separation between sites and elements. Samples from the site under the strongest anthropogenic impact from industrial and agricultural river input were characterized by higher values of Pb/Ca and Zn/Ca. However, these relatively low values likely do not have a negative effect on S. aurata recruitment, though they could serve for identifying the contribution of polluted nurseries to stock dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Vrdoljak
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 2100 Split, Croatia
| | - Sanja Matić-Skoko
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 2100 Split, Croatia.
| | - Melita Peharda
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 2100 Split, Croatia
| | - Hana Uvanović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 2100 Split, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Markulin
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 2100 Split, Croatia
| | - Regina Mertz-Kraus
- Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, J.-J.-Becher-Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Puig M, Raptis S, Wooldridge C, Darbra RM. Performance trends of environmental management in European ports. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111686. [PMID: 33181956 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the current status and trends over time in the environmental situation of European ports, based on the results of a wide representation of EcoPorts members (90 ports). All the information presented in this research comes from the Self-Diagnosis Method (SDM), a concise checklist managed by European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO), against which ports can self-assess their environmental management. The results provide data on a total number of 54 indicators, being the existence of an inventory of environmental legislation the indicator with the highest implementation (96,7%), followed by the existence of an environmental policy (95,7%). Waste is the environmental issue that is being more monitored by ports. Air quality continues as the top environmental priority, followed by energy consumption and noise. It is interesting to highlight the growing awareness of Climate change among ports as well as the increasing implementation of green initiatives in ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Puig
- Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sotiris Raptis
- European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO), Treurenberg 6, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Wooldridge
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - R M Darbra
- Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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8
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Review of Initiatives and Methodologies to Reduce CO 2 Emissions and Climate Change Effects in Ports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113858. [PMID: 32485868 PMCID: PMC7312454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ports are important infrastructures for economic growth and development. Among the most significant environmental aspects of ports that contribute to the issue of climate change are those due to carbon dioxide emissions generated by port activities. Given the importance of this topic, this paper gathers initiatives and methodologies that have been undertaken to calculate and reduce CO2 emissions and climate change effects in ports. After studying these methodologies, their strengths and opportunities for further enhancement have been analyzed. The results show that, in recent years, several ports have started to calculate their carbon footprint and report it. However, in some of the cases, not all the sources of GHG gases that are occurring actually in ports are taken into account, such as emissions from waste treatment operations and employees' commuting. On other occasions, scopes are not defined following standard guidelines. Furthermore, each authority or operator uses its own method to calculate CO2 emissions, which makes the comparison of results difficult. For these reasons, this paper suggests the need for creating a standardized tool to calculate carbon footprint in ports, which will make it possible to establish a benchmark and a potential comparison of results among ports.
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9
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Abstract
The sustainability approach commits to conserving natural resources and biodiversity. In ports, many efforts that encourage improvement in sustainability exist, such as sustainable ports, eco-ports, or green ports. However, whether the current planning approaches for sustainable ports, eco-ports, and green ports can effectively achieve sustainability remains a question. This study aims to discuss this issue through a literature review. The main findings include (1) the current sustainable port planning following the ambitions of sustainable development and aiming to fulfill this generation’s needs; (2) the eco-port planning approaches emphasizing environmental protection; (3) the planning approaches for green ports that have emerged within environmental management and give attention to the ecological issues; (4) all of the three approaches prioritizing environmental issues. We argue for the integration of eco-centric views for sustainability in port planning from a maritime supply chain perspective, and based on this, the concept of the green port is proposed. This study provides broad and mindful information regarding port sustainability education and can help foster innovation in order to face the challenges in sustainability.
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10
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Management Innovation for Environmental Sustainability in Seaports: Managerial Accounting Instruments and Training for Competitive Green Ports beyond the Regulations. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bouchoucha M, Brach-Papa C, Gonzalez JL, Lenfant P, Darnaude AM. Growth, condition and metal concentration in juveniles of two Diplodus species in ports. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:31-42. [PMID: 29421103 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High abundances of juvenile fish in certain ports suggest they might provide alternative nursery habitats for several species. To further investigate this possibility, post-settlement growth, metal uptake and body condition were estimated in 127 juveniles of two seabream species, collected in 2014-15, inside and outside the highly polluted ports of the Bay of Toulon. This showed that differences in local pollution levels (here in Hg, Cu, Pb and Zn) are not consistently mirrored within fish flesh. Muscle metal concentrations, below sanitary thresholds for both species, were higher in ports for Cu, Pb and V only. Otherwise, fish muscle composition principally differed by species or by year. Juvenile growth and condition were equivalent at all sites. Higher prey abundance in certain ports might therefore compensate the deleterious effects of pollution, resulting in similar sizes and body conditions for departing juvenile fish than in nearby natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bouchoucha
- Lab. Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Centre Ifremer de Méditerranée ZP de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France; UMR MARBEC 9190 CNRS-UM-IRD-Ifremer, CC093, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - C Brach-Papa
- Lab. Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Centre Ifremer de Méditerranée ZP de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | - J-L Gonzalez
- Lab. Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Centre Ifremer de Méditerranée ZP de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | - P Lenfant
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - A M Darnaude
- UMR MARBEC 9190 CNRS-UM-IRD-Ifremer, CC093, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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12
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Puig M, Michail A, Wooldridge C, Darbra RM. Benchmark dynamics in the environmental performance of ports. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 121:111-119. [PMID: 28576597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the 2016 environmental benchmark performance of the port sector, based on a wide representation of EcoPorts members. This is the fifth time that this study has been conducted as an initiative of the European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO). The data and results are derived from the Self-Diagnosis Method (SDM), a concise checklist against which port managers can self-assess the environmental management of their port in relation to the performance of the EcoPorts membership. The SDM tool was developed in the framework of the ECOPORTS project (2002-2005) and it is managed by ESPO. A total number of 91 ports from 20 different European Maritime States contributed to this evaluation. The main results are that air quality remains as the top environmental priority of the respondent ports, followed by energy consumption and noise. In terms of environmental management, the study confirms that key components are commonly implemented in the majority of European ports. 94% of contributing ports have a designated environmental manager, 92% own an environmental policy and 82% implement an environmental monitoring program. Waste is identified as the most monitored issue in ports (80%), followed by energy consumption (73%) and water quality (70%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Puig
- Group on Techniques for Separating and Treating Industrial Waste (SETRI), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonis Michail
- European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO), Treurenberg 6, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Wooldridge
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Mari Darbra
- European Sea Ports Organisation (ESPO), Treurenberg 6, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Valdor PF, Puente A, Gómez AG, Ondiviela B, Juanes JA. Are environmental risk estimations linked to the actual environmental impact? Application to an oil handling facility (NE Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:941-951. [PMID: 27865520 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk analysis of aquatic systems includes the evaluation of the likelihood that adverse ecological effects may occur as a result of exposure to one or more stressors. In harbor areas, pollution is provided by a complex mixture of substances with different levels of toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation, which complicates the hazards characterization and their multiple effects. A study of the relationship between the environmental impact and the environmental risk assessment at a specific isolated oil handling facility was undertaken. The environmental risk of the oil handling facility, considering the consequences of specific pollutants, was estimated and the associated environmental impact was quantified based on a 'weights of evidence' approach. The contamination quantified at the potentially affected area around the monobuoy of Tarragona has proved to be related with environmental risk estimations but the lines of evidence obtained do not allow us to assert that the activity developed at this facility has an associated environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma F Valdor
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Aina G Gómez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Bárbara Ondiviela
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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14
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Walker TR. Green Marine: An environmental program to establish sustainability in marine transportation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:199-207. [PMID: 26899158 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
European maritime companies have adopted programs to limit operational impacts on the environment. For maritime companies in North America, the Green Marine Environmental Program (GMEP) offers a framework to establish and reduce environmental footprints. Green Marine (GM) participants demonstrate annual improvements of specific environmental performance indicators (e.g., reductions in air pollution emissions) to maintain certification. Participants complete annual self-evaluations with results determining rankings for performance indicators on a 1-to-5 scale. Self-evaluations are independently verified every two years to ensure rigor and individual results are made publicly available annually to achieve transparency. GM benefits the marine industry across North America by encouraging sustainable development initiatives. GM's credibility is reflected through a diverse network of environmental groups and government agencies that endorse and help shape the program. Merits of this relatively new maritime certification (not previously described in the academic literature), are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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15
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Why, How and What do Organizations Achieve with the Implementation of Environmental Management Systems?—Lessons from a Comprehensive Review on the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Gómez AG, Ondiviela B, Puente A, Juanes JA. Environmental risk assessment of water quality in harbor areas: a new methodology applied to European ports. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 155:77-88. [PMID: 25819350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a standard and unified procedure for assessment of environmental risks at the contaminant source level in port aquatic systems. Using this method, port managers and local authorities will be able to hierarchically classify environmental hazards and proceed with the most suitable management actions. This procedure combines rigorously selected parameters and indicators to estimate the environmental risk of each contaminant source based on its probability, consequences and vulnerability. The spatio-temporal variability of multiple stressors (agents) and receptors (endpoints) is taken into account to provide accurate estimations for application of precisely defined measures. The developed methodology is tested on a wide range of different scenarios via application in six European ports. The validation process confirms its usefulness, versatility and adaptability as a management tool for port water quality in Europe and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina G Gómez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres N° 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Bárbara Ondiviela
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres N° 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres N° 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres N° 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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17
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Merhaby D, Net S, Halwani J, Ouddane B. Organic pollution in surficial sediments of Tripoli harbour, Lebanon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 93:284-293. [PMID: 25619918 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tripoli harbour is among the most important ports on the Mediterranean Sea eastern basin. The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were monitored (28 PCBs, 16 PAHs and 18 Me-PAHs) in 15 stations of Tripoli harbour basins, which are influenced by anthropogenic activities. Total PAHs concentrations ranged from 243 to 2965 μg kg(-1)dw, total Me-PAH concentrations ranged from 54 to 1638 μg kg(-1)dw, while total PCB levels ranged from 18 to 302 μg kg(-1)dw. PCBs profiles were dominated by four and six-chlorinated congeners while the PAHs were dominated by four and five rings. For identifying pollution emission sources of PAHs, different ratios were used. The results show that the pollution origin was predominated by pyrogenic process related to the deposition of coal dust and the combustion of biomass and coal. Based on Sediments Quality Guidelines the biological adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems were expected rarely to occasionally for PAHs and PCBs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Merhaby
- Université de Lille, Équipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Bâtiment C8, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France; Université Libanaise, Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sopheak Net
- Université de Lille, Équipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Bâtiment C8, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Jalal Halwani
- Université Libanaise, Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille, Équipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Bâtiment C8, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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18
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Acciaro M. Corporate responsibility and value creation in the port sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13675567.2015.1027150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Dutra A, Ripoll-Feliu VM, Fillol AG, Ensslin SR, Ensslin L. The construction of knowledge from the scientific literature about the theme seaport performance evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/ijppm-01-2014-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to know what scientific literature presents about the theme evaluation of seaport performance, thus enabling the construction of knowledge in the researchers and the identification of gaps in the research that will lead to advances in the area from the identification of the characteristics of a portfolio of relevant international publications.
Design/methodology/approach
– From the basic philosophical (constructivism), of the kind strategy (research-action) and the method used for the accomplishment of such strategy (structured process knowledge development process – constructivist (ProKnow-C)) the current research has a qualitative approach.
Findings
– From the analysis of the bibliographic portfolio composed of 23 articles, the main results were: focus of the evaluation of seaport performance is on operational and tactical efficiency rather than on strategic and global performance; the majority of the studies does not relate to the reality experienced by seaport managers due to the limited interaction with these managers, evidencing a distance of the researchers from the object of their research; and performance evaluation was barely used/explored as a tool to support management, only for the sake of evaluation itself.
Research limitations/implications
– The search occurred in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, Ebsco, Sciece Direct and Wiley.
Originality/value
– The identification of gaps that might promote advances in this field of knowledge, once the seaport segment is not exploring the potential that performance evaluation can offer and is already available in literature.
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20
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Valdor PF, Gómez AG, Puente A. Environmental risk analysis of oil handling facilities in port areas. Application to Tarragona harbor (NE Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 90:78-87. [PMID: 25487087 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pollution from oil spills is a widespread problem in port areas (as a result of fuel supply, navigation and loading/unloading activities). This article presents a method to assess the environmental risk of oil handling facilities in port areas. The method is based on (i) identification of environmental hazards, (ii) characterization of meteorological and oceanographic conditions, (iii) characterization of environmental risk scenarios, and (iv) assessment of environmental risk. The procedure has been tested by application to the Tarragona harbor. The results show that the method is capable of representing (i) specific local pollution cases (i.e., discriminating between products and quantities released by a discharge source), (ii) oceanographic and meteorological conditions (selecting a representative subset data), and (iii) potentially affected areas in probabilistic terms. Accordingly, it can inform the design of monitoring plans to study and control the environmental impact of these facilities, as well as the design of contingency plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma F Valdor
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres No. 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Aina G Gómez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres No. 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres No. 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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21
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Anne O, Burskyte V, Stasiskiene Z, Balciunas A. The influence of the environmental management system on the environmental impact of seaport companies during an economic crisis: Lithuanian case study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1072-1084. [PMID: 25109472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Freight handling in EU ports fell by more than 12 % during the global economic crisis in 2008-2009 after almost a decade of continuous growth. The decrease of freight handling in the Klaipeda seaport, the only port in Lithuania, was 6.7 % and happened due to the dominant outward movement of goods (mainly oil products). The Klaipeda seaport, due to its peculiarity, is the only ice-free port in the northern part of Baltic Sea. The present study explores the environmental impact of Klaipeda seaport activities from 2001 to 2011. Moreover, it compares the environmental effectiveness of environmental protection strategies used in the four biggest companies that, in fact, cover about 88 % of total activities (except general cargo) of the seaport. The first group of targeted companies used an environmental protection strategy to implement an ISO 14001-based environmental management system, and the second group selected to follow environmental management practices without certification. The paper analyses the development of the companies' activities in regard to the change of environmental effectiveness. The paper evaluates the pressure of the economic crisis on the companies' activities and its influence on environmental decisions, with particular interest in the ability of different environmental protection systems to resist and handle the expected performance. The study identified a significant decrease in companies' activities during the crisis period. However, the economic activities and environmental effectiveness demonstrated similar short-term tendencies in regard to the environmental strategy selection but differed in long-term perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Anne
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Ecology, Klaipeda University, Herkaus Manto Str. 84, 92294, Klaipeda, Lithuania,
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22
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Jaccoud C, Magrini A. Regulation of solid waste management at Brazilian ports: analysis and proposals for Brazil in light of the European experience. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 79:245-253. [PMID: 24368119 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With a coastline of 8500 km, Brazil has 34 public ports and various private terminals, which together in 2012 handled 809 million tonnes of goods. The solid wastes produced (from port activities, ships and cargoes) pose a highly relevant problem, both due to the quantity and diversity, requiring a complex and integrated set of practices resulting from legal requirements and proactive initiatives. The main Brazilian law on solid waste management is recent (Law 12,305/2010) and the specific rules on solid waste in ports are badly in need of revision to meet the challenges caused by expansion of the sector and to harmonize them with the best global practices. This paper analyzes the current legal/regulatory framework for solid waste management at Brazilian ports and compares this structure with the practice in Europe. At the end, we suggest initiatives to improve the regulation of solid wastes at Brazilian ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Jaccoud
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia (COPPE), Programa de Planejamento Energético e Ambiental (PPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Magrini
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia (COPPE), Programa de Planejamento Energético e Ambiental (PPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
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23
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Lirn T, Jim Wu Y, Chen YJ. Green performance criteria for sustainable ports in Asia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION & LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/ijpdlm-04-2012-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Oyarzun R, Manteca Martínez JI, López García JA, Carmona C. An account of the events that led to full bay infilling with sulfide tailings at Portman (Spain), and the search for "black swans" in a potential land reclamation scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 454-455:245-249. [PMID: 23557899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Oyarzun
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Ruggieri N, Castellano M, Capello M, Maggi S, Povero P. Seasonal and spatial variability of water quality parameters in the Port of Genoa, Italy, from 2000 to 2007. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:340-349. [PMID: 21056431 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the statistical analysis of a set of physico-chemical and biological water quality parameters, monthly collected from 2000 to 2007 in the Genoa Harbour area (Ligurian Sea). We applied multivariate methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA) for investigating the spatial and temporal variability and for providing important background information on pollution problems in the region. PCA evidenced the role of the sewage and river discharges and of the exchanges with the open sea in determining the harbour water quality. DFA was used to estimate underlying common trends in the time series. The DFA results partly show a general improvement of water quality over the 8-years period. However, in other areas, we found inter-annual variations but no significant multi-annual trend. Furthermore, we included meteorological variables in our statistical analyses because of their potential influence on the water quality parameters. These natural forcings explain part of the variability in water quality parameters that are superimposed on the dominating anthropogenic pollution factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ruggieri
- Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse, Universita' degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.
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26
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Petrosillo I, Vassallo P, Valente D, Mensa JA, Fabiano M, Zurlini G. Mapping the environmental risk of a tourist harbor in order to foster environmental security: Objective vs. subjective assessments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1051-1058. [PMID: 20181364 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new definition of environmental security gives equal importance to the objective and subjective assessments of environmental risk. In this framework, the management of tourist harbors has to take into account managers' perceptions. The subject of the present study is a tourist harbor in southern Italy where six different managers are present. This paper aims to assess subjectively and objectively the environmental risks associated with the harbor, and to compare the results to provide estimates of environmental security. Hereby managers have been interviewed and a simple model is used for making preliminary assessment of environmental risks. The comparison of the results highlighted a common mismatch between risk perception and risk assessment. We demonstrated that the old part of the harbor is less secure than the new part. In addition, one specific manager representing a public authority showed a leading role in ensuring the environmental security of the whole harbor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Petrosillo
- Laboratory of Landscape Ecology, Dept. of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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27
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Marazza D, Bandini V, Contin A. Ranking environmental aspects in environmental management systems: a new method tested on local authorities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:168-179. [PMID: 19959236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new method is described to determine and to rank the significance of the environmental aspects of a local authority, as a basis for the implementation of an environmental management system (EMS). The method is especially important as for the requirements of the EU "Environmental Management and Audit Scheme" (EMAS), a standard open to all sectors including public authorities. The method has been applied to the Municipalities of Faenza (a large town with 54,000 inhabitants) and of the small towns of Riolo Terme, Brisighella, Casola Valsenio (RA, Italy), which obtained or are on the way to get the EMAS certification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marazza
- CIRSA - Inter-departmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, Bologna University, via S.Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy.
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28
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Grifoll M, Jordà G, Borja A, Espino M. A new risk assessment method for water quality degradation in harbour domains, using hydrodynamic models. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:69-78. [PMID: 19828156 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This contribution presents a method for assessing the risk of water degradation in harbour domains. The method describes a normalized Index of Risk, ranging from 0 to 1, which determines the risk of water degradation due to a pollution event. A branch-decision scheme of decision-making theories was implemented in order to obtain this index. This method evaluates the cost of each decision as a function of the vulnerability, proximity and toxicity of the potential contaminant. A novel feature of this method is that the risk is defined by considering the physical behaviour of the harbour (i.e. water circulation patterns). Regions where water residence time is high are considered more vulnerable to pollutant releases. This method could be implemented from an operational perspective, in which case an oceanographic operational system could be used to obtain current forecasts which in turn would be used to forecast risk maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Grifoll
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria Marítima (LIM), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Zuin S, Belac E, Marzi B. Life cycle assessment of ship-generated waste management of Luka Koper. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:3036-3046. [PMID: 19643592 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sea ports and the related maritime activities (e.g. shipping, shipbuilding, etc.) are one of the main driver of Europe's growth, jobs, competitiveness and prosperity. The continuously growth of shipping sectors has however introduced some environmental concerns, particularly with respect to ship-generated waste management. The port of Koper, one of the major ports on the northern Adriatic Coast, is the focus of this study. In this paper, a life cycle assessment was performed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts caused by the ship-generated waste management of port of Koper. Carcinogens substance (e.g. dioxins) and inorganic emissions, especially heavy metals, resulted to be the most critical environmental issues, while the fossil fuels consumption is reduced by recovery of ship-generated oils. Moreover, the final treatment of ship waste was found to be critical phase of the management, and the landfill have a significant contribute to the overall environmental load. These results can be useful in the identification of the best practices and in the implementation of waste management plans in ports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zuin
- Consorzio Venezia Ricerche, Via della Libertà 12, c/o PST VEGA, 30175 Venice, Italy.
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30
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Petrosillo I, Valente D, Zaccarelli N, Zurlini G. Managing tourist harbors: are managers aware of the real environmental risks? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:1454-1461. [PMID: 19640551 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The management of tourist harbors has traditionally been analyzed with little attention to managers' awareness of the effects of their decisions on the environment. The aims of this paper were to assess managers' perceptions of the main environmental risks in their regions and to identify common behaviors among the managers involved in eight tourist harbors in southern Italy, where the same tourist harbor is often managed by different managers. A questionnaire was administered and statistical analyses were performed to test differences between managers of big and small harbors. Managers showed a low perception of environmental risks and, surprisingly, in certain harbors, some meaningful cases were highlighted: the most homogeneous case, where all managers showed a reasonable level of environmental awareness, and cases with strong mismatches among managers. In this paper, we propose that an assessment of managers' perceptions of risk be included as a new form of analysis when environmental risk assessments are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Petrosillo
- Laboratory of Landscape Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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31
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Darbra RM, Pittam N, Royston KA, Darbra JP, Journee H. Survey on environmental monitoring requirements of European ports. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2009; 90:1396-1403. [PMID: 18929441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A group of 26 European ports was interviewed to understand their requirements for environmental information and to establish how widespread the use of Earth Observation (EO) data was amongst them. Aspects covered by the research included port profile characterisation, environmental management activities, environmental needs and current monitoring practices. The study reflected the diversity amongst European ports and their environmental performances. Most of the ports were publicly owned and located in estuaries and rivers. General cargo was the most popular commodity handled. Practically all the ports had an environmental policy in place and half of them had been accredited by an external body. The main environmental parameters that ports required to be monitored were marine related issues (currents, waves and tide), water quality, meteorological parameters, turbidity and sediment processes. The principal driver for monitoring was maintaining key port operations, followed by legislation, and local responsibilities. Ports in general collected their own data in situ and only one-third had used remotely sensed data (data from Earth Observation satellites or from airplane mounted sensors) for environmental purposes. Half of them used computer modelling. This study was conducted within the framework of the European funded port environmental information collector project (PEARL).
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Darbra
- EcoPorts Foundation, De Ruijterkade 7, 1013AA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Peris-Mora E, Diez Orejas JM, Subirats A, Ibáñez S, Alvarez P. Development of a system of indicators for sustainable port management. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:1649-60. [PMID: 16095626 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The 1998 project ECOPORT, "Towards A Sustainable Transport Network", developed by the Valencia Port Authority (VPA), established the bases for implementing an Environmental Management System (EMS) in industrial harbours. The use of data and information shall always be required to develop an efficient EMS. The objective of the present research (INDAPORT) study is to propose a system of sustainable environmental management indicators to be used by any port authorities. All activities performed within a port area are analysed for any potential environmental impacts and risks. An environmental analysis of port activities has been carried out with the objective of designing the indicators system. Twenty-one corresponding activities have been identified for large industrial ports. Subsequently, the same methodology developed to date will be later applied to other Spanish and European ports. The study has been developed by using an original system and a methodology, which simultaneously use stage diagrams and systemic models (material and energy flow charts). Multi-criteria analysis techniques were used to evaluate potential impacts (identification of factors and evaluation of impacts).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peris-Mora
- Valencia Polytechnic University, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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33
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Darbra RM, Ronza A, Stojanovic TA, Wooldridge C, Casal J. A procedure for identifying significant environmental aspects in sea ports. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:866-74. [PMID: 15946703 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology has been designed to identify and rank the significant environmental aspects in sea ports. The main objective of the Strategic Overview of Significant Environmental Aspects (SOSEA) is to help port managers to identify significant environmental aspects and to reinforce the awareness about them in order to prioritise work in environmental management. Developed in close collaboration with port environmental managers and tested in a set of ports, it is a user-friendly tool that can be applied in approximately half a working day. It is based on ISO 14001 vocabulary and requirements and it can be considered as the base for the implementation of any Environmental Management System for port communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Darbra
- Centre d'Estudis del Risc Tecnològic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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