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Alberdi Igartua X, Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena A, Gredilla A, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Arana G, de Diego A, Madariaga JM. Geographical distribution of metals and metalloids along the estuary of the Oka River in the biosphere reserve of Urdaibai, Spain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:116010. [PMID: 38211539 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sediments sampled at the estuary of the Oka River in the biosphere reserve of Urdaibai, Spain were analyzed for trace elements. Sediments were collected at 45 points of the estuary and the concentration of 14 elements was measured. The geoaccumulation indexes (Igeo), Normalized Average Weighted Concentrations (NAWC) and mean Effect Range-Median quotients (mERMq) were calculated. The results obtained were complementary and allowed intra- and inter-estuary comparison. According to the present findings, the estuary was classified as healthy, since the anthropogenic contribution of metals and metalloids was generally small. However, shipping and fishing activities at the ports of Bermeo and Mundaka and urban and industrial wastes from Gernika were regarded as the major pollution sources. Nevertheless, only slightly contaminated and toxic sediments, especially related to Ni and Cu, were found in the towns of Gernika and Mundaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Alberdi Igartua
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Gredilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - S Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - G Arana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - J M Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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2
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Jebara A, Lo Turco V, Potortì AG, Bartolomeo G, Ben Mansour H, Di Bella G. Organic pollutants in marine samples from Tunisian coast: Occurrence and associated human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116266. [PMID: 33370609 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
140 contaminants belonging to various classes (organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, pyrethroid insecticides, carbamates, fungicides, acaricides, herbicides, synergists, insect growth regulators, polychlorobiphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were simultaneously analysed by GC-MS/MS in marine sediments, aquatic plant leaves and fish tissues samples. A total of 260 samples from five stations along the coast of Tunisia were evaluated. The results highlight that only 28 residues (12 polychlorobiphenyls, 8 organochlorine pesticides, 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and triphenyl phosphate) were detected at levels higher than relative LOQ values. The amounts in sediment samples were compared with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) showing that the values are acceptable and no toxic effect is expected on aquatic organisms. A little variation of contaminant residues in sediment samples among coastal stations was recorded. Namely, with respect to almost all polychlorobiphenyls and organochlorine pesticides, higher values were recorder in summer. With respect to almost all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, higher values were recorder in autumn. Aquatic plant leaves showed a residue accumulation higher than that of other compartments of marine system. The data about fish samples (Sparus aurata and Sarpa salpa, the two most frequently caught fish species at five sites on the central coast of Tunisia) do not pose direct hazard to human health because values were lower than protection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Jebara
- APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Polo Universitario, 98168, Messina, Italy
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3
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Das S, Aria A, Cheng JO, Souissi S, Hwang JS, Ko FC. Occurrence and distribution of anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants in coastal sediments and mud shrimps from the wetland of central Taiwan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227367. [PMID: 31917823 PMCID: PMC6956766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sediment profile and mud shrimp (Austinogebia edulis) from the
coastal wetland of central Taiwan in 2017 and 2018 were analyzed for
concentration, source, and composition of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; DDT and HCB), and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). Sediment profiling indicated PAH concentrations reaching
254.38 ng/g dw in areas near industrial areas and PAH concentrations of 41.8 and
58.42 ng/g dw in sampling areas further from industrial areas, suggesting that
the determining factor for spatial distribution of POPs might be proximity to
contaminant sources in industrial zones. Based on molecular indices, PAHs were
substantially of both pyrolytic and petrogenic origins. The main sources for
PCBs were Aroclor 1016 and 1260 and the congener BDE-209 was the dominant
component among PBDE congeners. While we were unable to obtain live mud shrimp
samples from the heavily contaminated areas, in samples from less contaminated
areas, the risk assessment on mud shrimp still illustrated a borderline threat,
with DDT concentrations almost reaching standardized values of Effects Range-Low
(ERL). Bioaccumulation factors for DDTs and PCBs (17.33 and 54.59, respectively)
were higher than other POPs in this study. Further study is essential to assess
and understand the impact of these chemicals on the wetland ecosystem near this
heavily industrialized area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagnika Das
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan
- University Lille, CNRS, University Littoral Cote d’Opale, UMR 8187, LOG,
Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France
| | - Andres Aria
- Argentine Institute of Oceanography, Bahia Blanca,
Argentina
- National South University, Chemistry Department, Area III, Bahía Blanca,
Argentina
| | - Jing-O Cheng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung,
Taiwan
| | - Sami Souissi
- University Lille, CNRS, University Littoral Cote d’Opale, UMR 8187, LOG,
Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University,
Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung,
Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong-Hwa University, Pingtung,
Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Irabien MJ, Cearreta A, Gómez-Arozamena J, Serrano H, Sanchez-Cabeza JA, Ruiz-Fernández AC. Geological record of extreme floods and anthropogenic impacts on an industrialised bay: The inner Abra of Bilbao (northern Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133946. [PMID: 31470326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Bilbao estuary is one of the most polluted areas on the northern coast of Spain, owing to the direct disposal of urban effluents and wastewaters from mining and industrial activities that has occurred during the last 170 years. Recent sediment records collected from the inner Abra of Bilbao bay were examined using a multidisciplinary approach including geochemical, micropaleontological and isotopic proxies to evaluate heavy metal contamination (Pb, Zn and Cd), ecological condition (benthic foraminifera), and sediment accumulation variability (210Pb). Results evidenced the interplay of both human activities and extreme weather events. Most contaminated materials are buried below a thin layer (1-21 cm) of cleaner sediments which have been deposited since contaminant discharges have substantially decreased, due to industrial reconversion and environmental regulations. However, the fingerprint left in the sedimentary record by the catastrophic floods of 1983 confirms the potential of natural events for sediment relocation, showing catastrophic events may endanger recently-achieved environmental improvements in historically contaminated coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Irabien
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Cearreta
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - José Gómez-Arozamena
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Cantabria UC, Avenida, Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Humberto Serrano
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Calz. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Calz. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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5
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Garmendia M, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Liñero O, Gredilla A, Arana G, Soto M, de Diego A. Long term monitoring of metal pollution in sediments as a tool to investigate the effects of engineering works in estuaries. A case study, the Nerbioi-Ibaizabal estuary (Bilbao, Basque Country). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:555-563. [PMID: 31590823 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Nerbioi-Ibaizabal estuary (Bilbao, Basque Country) suffered an important input of contaminants, including metals and metalloids, between 1875 and 1975. We collected sediments in the tidal part of the river in January 2018 and measured the concentrations of 27 elements in them. At that time, two important construction works were taking place in the area: the extension of the commercial port and the opening of long semi-closed channel. Comparing the current metallic hotspots with the geographical distribution of elements in previous years (2009, 2010 and 2014) showed us that these works seem to have significantly influenced the distribution of toxic elements in the estuary, even if the critical point of the second one is still to arrive with the inundation of the connection to the mainland. Long term pollution monitoring reveals as a powerful tool to check the effects of ongoing engineering works in estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garmendia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Silvia Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Olaia Liñero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ainara Gredilla
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Manuel de Lardizabal pasealekua 3, 20018 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Gorka Arana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto
- Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza pasealekua, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Alberto de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza pasealekua, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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6
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Irabien MJ, Cearreta A, Serrano H, Villasante-Marcos V. Environmental regeneration processes in the Anthropocene: The Bilbao estuary case (northern Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:977-987. [PMID: 30301123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work tackles a multidisciplinary study on the recent sedimentary record of the Bilbao estuary (northern Spain), which is the backbone of a city that was primarily industrial and now is widely recognized as a successful example of urban transformation. Although hotspots of heavily polluted materials still remain at the mouth of the two main tributaries (Galindo and Gobelas), the data obtained confirm the ongoing formation of a new layer of sediments (here called "postindustrial zone") covering historically polluted and azoic deposits. It is characterized by largely variable levels of metals and magnetic susceptibility and moderate-to-high abundances of benthic foraminifera. Monitoring of the evolution of this layer appears a key factor to assess environmental improvement and decision-making in polluted estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Irabien
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Cearreta
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Humberto Serrano
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Víctor Villasante-Marcos
- Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, C/ Alfonso XII, 3, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Li R, Liang J, Duan H, Gong Z. Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of phthalate esters in the Jiulong River estuary, Southeast China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 122:38-46. [PMID: 28712773 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of 16 phthalate esters (PAEs) in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment were investigated in the Jiulong River estuary, Fujian, Southeast China. Of the 16 PAE congeners analyzed, only six PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), were identified and quantified. The total concentrations of the six PAEs (∑6PAEs) detected for all seasons ranged from 3.01 to 26.4μg/L in water, 1.56 to 48.7mg/kg in SPM, and 0.037 to 0.443μg/kg in sediment. DEHP, DIBP and DBP were the most abundant PAE congeners in all of the water, SPM and sediment phases. The spatial distributions of PAEs in the estuary were controlled not only by the riverine runoff, seasons, hydrodynamic condition and human activities but also the physicochemical properties of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Li
- State key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hualing Duan
- State key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenbin Gong
- State key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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8
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Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena A, Rementeria A, Zaldibar B, de Vallejuelo SFO, Gredilla A, Arana G, de Diego A. Is there a direct relationship between stress biomarkers in oysters and the amount of metals in the sediments where they inhabit? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 111:95-105. [PMID: 27449829 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects exerted by metals in oysters are still a matter of debate and require more detailed studies. In this work we have investigated whether the health status of oysters are affected by the amount of metals present in the sediments of their habitat. Sediments and oysters were collected in the tidal part of the estuary of the Oka River (Basque Country), representative of other mesotidal, well mixed and short estuaries of the European Atlantic coast. The concentrations of 14 elements were determined in all the samples. Several biomarkers were also measured in the soft tissues of oysters. According to the concentrations found, the sediments were classified as non-toxic or slightly toxic. In good agreement, the histological alterations observed in oysters were not severe. Interestingly, in those sampling sites where the sediments showed relatively high metal concentrations, the metallic content in oysters was lower, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - A Rementeria
- Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Cell Biology & Histology Lab, School of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B Zaldibar
- Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Cell Biology & Histology Lab, School of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - S Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Gredilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - G Arana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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9
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de Los Ríos A, Pérez L, Echavarri-Erasun B, Serrano T, Barbero MC, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Orbea A, Juanes JA, Cajaraville MP. Measuring biological responses at different levels of organisation to assess the effects of diffuse contamination derived from harbour and industrial activities in estuarine areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 103:301-312. [PMID: 26707886 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of diffuse contamination, biological measurements were applied in a scrap cargo harbour, a marina and an industrial area. Metal accumulation and biomarkers (survival in air, digestive gland and gonad histopathology, lysosomal membrane stability, intralysosomal metal accumulation, transcription of vitellogenin and MT20, peroxisome proliferation and micronuclei formation) were measured in transplanted mussels, together with metrics of benthic invertebrates. Benthic species were classified into ecological groups and univariate indexes were calculated. The marina showed high richness (16) and percentage of opportunistic species (55.1%) and low metal accumulation. Mussels in the scrap cargo harbour showed high metal accumulation, up-regulation of MT20 transcription, reduced health status (LP<6 min) and increased micronuclei frequencies (up to 11.3‰). At the industrial area, low species richness (4) and badly organised assemblages were detected and chemical analyses indicated significant amounts of bioavailable metals. Overall, selected biological measurements showed potential for the assessment of diffuse contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Los Ríos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", University of Cantabria, c/Isabel Torres n° 15, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - L Pérez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B Echavarri-Erasun
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", University of Cantabria, c/Isabel Torres n° 15, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - T Serrano
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M C Barbero
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Ortiz-Zarragoitia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Orbea
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - J A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute "IH Cantabria", University of Cantabria, c/Isabel Torres n° 15, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - M P Cajaraville
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
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10
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Adeleye AO, Jin H, Di Y, Li D, Chen J, Ye Y. Distribution and ecological risk of organic pollutants in the sediments and seafood of Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, East China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1540-1548. [PMID: 26479920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the surface marine sediments and seafood from four geographic areas of the East China Sea were investigated. The POP concentrations were analyzed and their possible ecotoxicological risks assessed. The total concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sediments were found to be ND-22.40, ND-5.10, 32.10-171.70, and 0.60-63.00 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Low-chlorinated biphenyl congeners and HCHs were predominantly found at the Hangzhou Bay and Yangtze River areas. The sediment ecotoxicological risk was assessed, indicating the toxic effect of PCBs and DDTs on benthic organisms. In marine organisms of economic importance, the concentration of total PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) ranged from 43.20 to 291.20, 2.60 to 96.20, and 12.70 to 235.20 μg/kg dw, respectively. The bioaccumulation in marine organisms did not pose a significant health risk to consumers. As indicated by the POP residues in both marine sediments and organisms, POPs were persistent over time, posing a long-term risk to the local ecosystem and human health via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedayo O Adeleye
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310032, China; Physical/Chemical Oceanography Department, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 12729 Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Donghao Li
- Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Solaun O, Rodríguez JG, Borja A, Larreta J, Valencia V. Relationships between polychlorinated biphenyls in molluscs, hydrological characteristics and human pressures, within Basque estuaries (northern Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:130-135. [PMID: 25150824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interannual variability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), measured in the soft tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels and Crassostrea gigas oysters, collected from estuarine waters within the Basque Country (Bay of Biscay), are investigated. Samples were collected in the autumn, between 2002 and 2011. Sites located within the ports of Bilbao and Pasaia showed the highest PCBs concentrations in molluscs; the lowest were observed in the mouth of the Oka estuary, an area of low population and industrial activity. Congener profiles of PCBs in the tissues of molluscs reveal the predominance of hexachlorobiphenyls (CB153 and CB138). In addition, redundancy analysis has shown that residence time, river flow and a 'pressure index' explain 57% of the variability in the PCB congener concentrations (the higher the values of these variables, the higher the concentration). Finally, Σ7PCB median concentrations in molluscs and sediments, collected from nearby sampling sites, were found to be moderately correlated (r(2)=0.513, p<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Solaun
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
| | - J G Rodríguez
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - A Borja
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - J Larreta
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - V Valencia
- Marine Research Division, AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
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12
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Díez I, Santolaria A, Muguerza N, Gorostiaga JM. Capacity for recovery of rocky subtidal assemblages following pollution abatement in a scenario of global change. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 86:197-209. [PMID: 25084678 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The successful protection and management of marine ecosystems depend on understanding the capability of biota for recovering after stressor mitigation actions are taken. Here we present long-term changes (1984-2012) in degraded subtidal assemblages following the implementation of the sewerage scheme for the metropolitan area of Bilbao (1 million inhabitants). Qualitative and quantitative species composition of disturbed vegetation shifted over time, making it more similar to that of the reference assemblages considered. Species density in the disturbed habitats increased, which is also a positive sign of recovery. However, eleven years after the clean-up was completed, canopy-forming macrophytes showed no signs of recovery. We argue that the ecological resilience of the ecosystem may have been eroded after a long-standing pollution perturbation and that underlying climate change could be influencing the recovery trajectory of the degraded assemblages. The implications of these conclusions for the implementation of European marine environmental legislation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Díez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - A Santolaria
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - N Muguerza
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J M Gorostiaga
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Bellas J, Albentosa M, Vidal-Liñán L, Besada V, Franco MÁ, Fumega J, González-Quijano A, Viñas L, Beiras R. Combined use of chemical, biochemical and physiological variables in mussels for the assessment of marine pollution along the N-NW Spanish coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 96:105-17. [PMID: 24119442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study undertakes an overall assessment of pollution in a large region (over 2500 km of coastline) of the N-NW Spanish coast, by combining the use of biochemical (AChE, GST, GPx) and physiological (SFG) responses to pollution, with chemical analyses in wild mussel populations (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The application of chemical analysis and biological techniques identified polluted sites and quantified the level of toxicity. High levels of pollutants were found in mussel populations located close to major cities and industrialized areas and, in general, average concentrations were higher in the Cantabrian than in the Iberian Atlantic coast. AChE activities ranged between 5.8 and 27.1 nmol/min/mg prot, showing inhibition in 12 sampling sites, according to available ecotoxicological criteria. GST activities ranged between 29.5 and 112.7 nmol/min/mg prot, and extreme variability was observed in GPx, showing activities between 2.6 and 64.5 nmol/min/mg prot. Regarding SFG, only 5 sites showed 'moderate stress' (SFG value below 20 J/g/h), and most sites presented a 'high potential growth' (>35 J/g/h) corresponding to a 'healthy state'. Multivariate statistical techniques applied to the chemical and biological data identified PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and BDEs as the main responsible of the observed toxicity. However, the alteration of biological responses caused by pollutants seems to be, in general, masked by biological variables, namely age and mussel condition, which have an effect on the mussels' response to pollutant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Marina Albentosa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | | | - Victoria Besada
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Franco
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - José Fumega
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Amelia González-Quijano
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucía Viñas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, IIla de Toralla, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Carrero JA, Arrizabalaga I, Bustamante J, Goienaga N, Arana G, Madariaga JM. Diagnosing the traffic impact on roadside soils through a multianalytical data analysis of the concentration profiles of traffic-related elements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:427-34. [PMID: 23685368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The road traffic has become one of the most serious environmental problems in many cities and the main source of pollution of urban soils. To diagnose properly the magnitude of such impacts on roadside soils, eight urban and metropolitan soils were selected as a function of traffic density, distance to the road and years of operation, for which the concentration of 60 elements (major, minor and trace elements) were measured by semi-quantitative ICP-MS after acid digestion, as a first step in assessing the traffic impact. With this information, a comprehensive study was carried out focusing on the quantitative analysis of the concentration of 46 elements from the 8 sampling areas, analyzing the vertical and horizontal distributions of the metals in the roadside soils. The chemometric analysis showed that only the traffic-related elements accumulate in topsoil and present a high decreasing profile with depth and the distance to the road; however, this clear behavior takes places only in old roads that have undergone the traffic impact for a long time, but not in new roads or roads with low traffic density. Finally, the geoaccumulation indexes are suggested to be used instead of the local guidelines to assess the pollution state of the roadside soils, especially for the emerging trace elements like Antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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15
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Sources, Toxicity, Potential Cancer Risk Assessment and Analytical Methods for Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has drawn much attention around the world. Recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in developing low cost and reliable methods for the detection and precise determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), because of their carcinogenicity and toxicity. A comprehensive review focusing on sources, accumulation and toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons is presented. The review also highlights the current best practices for analysis of PAHs and discus in details the potential cancer risk assessment of Human risk exposure to PAH via three pathways. There is an increased need for laboratories in developing countries to determine such class of chemicals. A major focus revealed the need for low cost method that can be easily implemented such as Dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction.
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16
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Quelle C, Besada V, Andrade JM, Gutiérrez N, Schultze F, Gago J, González JJ. Chemometric tools to evaluate the spatial distribution of trace metals in surface sediments of two Spanish rías. Talanta 2011; 87:197-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Arana G, de Diego A, Madariaga JM. Risk assessment of trace elements in sediments: the case of the estuary of the Nerbioi-Ibaizabal River (Basque Country). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 181:565-573. [PMID: 20542636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Long term (January 2005-January 2008) monitoring of sediments was used to investigate metal pollution in the estuary of the Nerbioi-Ibaizabal River (Bilbao, Basque Country). Sediments were collected from eight representative locations of the estuary approximately every three months. The concentration of fourteen elements was measured in sediment extracts. Different graphical representations of the data set, simple statistical methods and sediment quality guidelines were combined to investigate trends in space and time, identify pollution sources, and assess sediment quality from a toxicological point of view. In general terms, the main trend reveals a significant fall in metal concentration over the period investigated. There are still certain points of the estuary with relatively high concentration of toxic metals, but the toxicological approach suggests that the risk for living organisms is not important.
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18
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Bartolomé L, Etxebarria N, Martínez-Arkarazo I, Raposo JC, Usobiaga A, Zuloaga O, Raingeard D, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Cajaraville MP. Distribution of organic microcontaminants, butyltins, and metals in mussels from the Estuary of Bilbao. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 59:244-254. [PMID: 20101400 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mussels are used as bioindicators of chemical pollution in coastal and estuarine waters. We measured the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalate esters (PEs), butyltins, and metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in mussel tissues collected from the lower Bilbao estuary (Arriluze, north of Spain) every 2 months from November 2002 to March 2004. The concentration (microg g(-1) dry weight) of PAHs, PCBs, and PEs ranged from 5.1 to 18.3, from 0.04 to 0.2, and from 1.5 to 27.6, respectively. Temporal pattern variations, including maximum and minimum values, were determined for metals and BTs from their concentration profiles during a period of 1 year. The main feature of organic microcontaminants was relatively high concentration values, reflecting the overall industrial and harbour activities of the site. Moreover, the ratios of methylated species and certain other diagnostic ratios suggested a petrogenic origin for PAHs. Finally, the relations among the concentrations found in mussel tissues and the levels of several cell biomarkers were established by a partial least squares model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bartolomé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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19
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Liang Y, Liu X, Yuan D, Gong Z, Zhang Z. Mercury species in seawater and sediment of Xiamen western sea area adjacent to a coal-fired power plant. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2010; 82:335-341. [PMID: 20432651 DOI: 10.2175/106143009x12487095236793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations and spatial distributions of mercury (Hg) species in seawater (including dissolved, particle, and total Hg) and sediment (including total and methyl Hg) of the Xiamen western sea area adjacent to a coal-fired power plant. The influence of the wastewater discharged from the seawater desulphurization (De-SO2) system of the power plant is discussed. Concentration of the three species of mercury in seawater from 18 sampling sites varied: dissolved ranged from 0.70 to 4.65 ng/L (mean 1.47 ng/L; median 1.12 ng/L); particulate ranged from not detected to 90.52 ng/L (mean 10.47 ng/L; median 1.26 ng/L); and total was 1.51 to 92.88 ng/L (mean 11.94 ng/L; median 2.84 ng/L). High concentrations of total Hg and particulate Hg, more than 70 ng/L, were observed in the area adjacent to the outfalls of the power plant. The Hg from the waste seawater of the power plant might be re-emitted to the atmosphere because it exists in seawater mainly in particulate attached form. The sediment total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.055 to 0.201 microg/g, with a mean of 0.126 microg/g and a median of 0.125 microg/g. Low methyl Hg concentrations in the sediment were observed in the study area, ranging from 0.017 to 0.256 ng/g as Hg, with a mean of 0.087 ng/g and a median of 0.081 ng/g. The ratios of methyl Hg to total Hg in the sediment were low, with a mean and median of 0.069%. Both total and methyl Hg were significantly linked to the sediment organic carbon (SOC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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20
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Tueros I, Borja A, Larreta J, Rodríguez JG, Valencia V, Millán E. Integrating long-term water and sediment pollution data, in assessing chemical status within the European Water Framework Directive. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:1389-1400. [PMID: 19476958 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) establishes a framework for the protection and improvement of estuarine (transitional) and coastal waters, attempting to achieve good water status by 2015; this includes, within the assessment, biological and chemical elements. The European Commission has proposed a list of priority dangerous substances (including metals such as Cd, Hg, Ni and Pb), with the corresponding list of environmental quality standards (EQS), to assess chemical status, but only for waters. In this contribution, a long-term (1995-2007) dataset of transitional and coastal water and sediment trace elements concentrations, from the Basque Country (northern Spain), has been used to investigate the response of these systems to water treatment programmes. Moreover, the approach proposed in the WFD, for assessing water chemical status (the 'one out, all out' approach), is compared with the integration of water and sediment data, into a unique assessment. For this exercise, background levels are used as reference conditions, identifying the boundary between high and good chemical status. EQS are used as the boundary between good and moderate chemical status. This contribution reveals that the first approach can lead to misclassification, with the second approach representing the pattern shown by the long-term data trends. Finally, the management implications, using each approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Tueros
- AZTI-Tecnalia Foundation, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea, s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
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21
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Men B, He M, Tan L, Lin C, Quan X. Distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Daliao River Estuary of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:818-826. [PMID: 19268317 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the aqueous phase, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediment, and pore water of the Daliao River Estuary in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China). Total PAH concentrations ranged from 139.16 to 1717.87ngL(-1) in surface water, from 226.57 to 1404.85ngL(-1) dry weight in SPM, from 276.26 to 1606.89ngg(-1) dry weight in sediments, and from 10.20 to 47.27microgL(-1) in pore water. PAH concentrations were at relatively moderate levels in water, SPM, sediment and pore water in comparison with those reported for other estuary and marine systems around the world. Sedimentary PAH concentrations decreased offshore owing to active deposition of laterally-transported river-borne particles. PCA analysis of the possible PAH source suggested petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH inputs in the studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, PR China
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22
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Borja A, Bald J, Franco J, Larreta J, Muxika I, Revilla M, Rodríguez JG, Solaun O, Uriarte A, Valencia V. Using multiple ecosystem components, in assessing ecological status in Spanish (Basque Country) Atlantic marine waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 59:54-64. [PMID: 19084879 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The European Water Framework and Marine Strategy Directives relate to the assessment of ecological quality, within estuarine and coastal systems. This legislation requires quality to be defined in an integrative way, using several biological elements (phytoplankton, benthos, algae, phanerogams, and fishes), together with physico-chemical elements (including pollutants). This contribution describes a methodology that integrates all of this information into a unique quality assessment for 51 stations from 18 water bodies, within the Basque Country. These water bodies are distributed into four typologies, including soft-bottom coastal areas and three types of estuaries. For each station, decision trees were used to integrate (i) water, sediment and biomonitor chemical data to achieve an integrated physico-chemical assessment and (ii) multiple biological ecosystem elements into an integrated biological assessment. Depending on the availability of ecological quality ratios or global quality values, different integration schemes were used to combine station assessments into water body assessments on a single scale. Several examples from each element have been selected, to illustrate their responses to different pressures; likewise, to establish how the assessed integrated quality has changed, over time. The results made biological and ecological sense and physico-chemical improvements were often correlated with improvements in the quality of benthos and fishes. These tools permit policy makers and managers to take decisions, based upon scientific knowledge, in water management, regarding the mitigation of human pressures and associated recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Borja
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
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23
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Raposo JC, Ozamiz G, Etxebarria N, Tueros I, Muñoz C, Muela A, Arana I, Barcina I. Mercury biomethylation assessment in the estuary of Bilbao (North of Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:482-488. [PMID: 18313183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the microbial methylation of mercury and the microbial activities in sediments and water collected from the estuary of Bilbao (North of Spain) was studied in three different sampling points and in two different seasons. Three different cultures were prepared with a sediment slurry to distinguish between biotic and abiotic methylation pathways and the variations of the methylmercury concentration and the variations of the population of total number of bacteria (TDC), anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB), sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and Desulfovibrio were measured. From this work, it can be concluded that the variation of MeHg concentrations is a result of the methylation/demethylation processes in the sediments, and that the abiotic processes have a negligible contribution to those processes. According to the statistical analysis of the results (partial least squares analysis) a significant statistical correlation was established between methylmercury and the SRB counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Raposo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 644 PO, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Cortazar E, Bartolomé L, Arrasate S, Usobiaga A, Raposo JC, Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N. Distribution and bioaccumulation of PAHs in the UNESCO protected natural reserve of Urdaibai, Bay of Biscay. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 72:1467-1474. [PMID: 18597814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Along 10 campaigns, from June 2002 to September 2004, the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in sediments and oysters (Crassostrea sp.) taken from four sites in the Unesco protected natural reserve of Urdaibai (Basque Country, Bay of Biscay). Total PAH concentration ranged from 0.7 to 140 microg kg(-1) (dw) in the case of sediments, and from 300 to 1400 microg kg(-1) (dw) in the case of oysters. During this study, the coast of the Bay of Biscay was severely affected by the Prestige oil spill (November 2002). Presumably, as a consequence of this accident, both spatial and temporal variations of the PAHs, as well as the sources of the PAHs were affected by the oil spill, and this effect was observed in the total concentrations and, especially, in several diagnostic ratios and in multivariate data analysis. Finally, both BAF (bioaccumulation factor) and BSAF (biota-sediment accumulation factor) parameters were calculated to conclude that particulate matter seems to be the most favourable uptake pathway of PAHs in oysters from this estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cortazar
- Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - L Bartolomé
- Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - S Arrasate
- Kimika Organikoa II Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Usobiaga
- Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - J C Raposo
- Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - N Etxebarria
- Kimika Analitikoa Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 P.K., 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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Leorri E, Cearreta A, Irabien MJ, Yusta I. Geochemical and microfaunal proxies to assess environmental quality conditions during the recovery process of a heavily polluted estuary: the Bilbao estuary case (N. Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 396:12-27. [PMID: 18400261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the eventual environmental improvement of the Bilbao estuary (northern Spain), from 1997 to 2006, in order to assess current estuarine restoration being undertaken as part of a Revitalization Strategic Plan. The monitoring programme is based on spatial and temporal variation in the distributions of both benthic foraminiferal assemblages and heavy metals contained in surficial sediments from the polluted intertidal flats. The overall pattern shows a decreasing metal concentration; however, reversals to this trend are noticed in the middle estuary. From 2000 to 2003, a significant decrease in heavy metal concentration was observed which is most likely related to the implementation in 2001-2002 of the biological treatment at a central wastewater treatment plant. Although the metal concentration decreased by 85% for some elements, these values still remain considerably high. No significant change occurred between 2003 and 2006 in metal concentrations. During the monitoring period the estuary channel presented environmental conditions close to azoic in 3/4 of its watercourse. Only in the year 2006, the two lowermost estuarine samples exhibited an increase in microfaunal densities. These samples were dominated by pollution-resistant estuarine species. The fact that estuarine sediments quality is recovering very slowly seems to be caused mainly by the resuspension of accumulated contaminants in the sediments due to dredging and working activities in the estuary. Thus, local authorities should consider also the clean up of the pollutants stored in the sediments, not seeking only the achievement of the water quality standards, as these polluted sediments can act as source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leorri
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/E.H.U., Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Prieto A, Zuloaga O, Usobiaga A, Etxebarria N, Fernández L, Marcic C, de Diego A. Simultaneous speciation of methylmercury and butyltin species in environmental samples by headspace-stir bar sorptive extraction–thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:130-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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