1
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Carter M, Goodsir F, Cundall P, Devlin M, Fuller S, Jeffery B, Hil G, Talouli A. Ticking ecological time bombs: Risk characterisation and management of oil polluting World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112087. [PMID: 33548805 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Second World War in the Pacific has left a legacy of over 3800 wrecks on the ocean floor. These wrecks contain thousands of tons of oil and pose a risk to the marine environment. Estimates of current corrosion rates show many wrecks are at risk of structural collapse. However, the scale of threat posed by potentially polluting wrecks (PPW) to coastal ecosystems in the Pacific is largely unknown, due to the lack of data to inform risk. This paper presents a strategy aimed to prioritise, manage, and mitigate negative effects of oil spills posed by PPW in the Pacific, using an example in Chuuk Lagoon. Wrecks are assessed and prioritised by means of risk characterisation. Wrecks are surveyed using photogrammetry to assess hull integrity. Finally, recommendations are made for the production of bespoke management plans and risk reduction strategies that work towards safeguarding marine ecosystems and the livelihoods of coastal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Carter
- Major Projects Foundation, 121 Woodstock Street, Mayfield, NSW 2304, Australia; La Trobe University, Plenty Rd, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Freya Goodsir
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Peter Cundall
- Major Projects Foundation, 121 Woodstock Street, Mayfield, NSW 2304, Australia
| | - Michelle Devlin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Sascha Fuller
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Bill Jeffery
- University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao 96923, Guam
| | - Greg Hil
- La Trobe University, Plenty Rd, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Anthony Talouli
- Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa
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2
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Jägerbrand AK, Brutemark A, Barthel Svedén J, Gren IM. A review on the environmental impacts of shipping on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133637. [PMID: 31422318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are several environmental and ecological effects of shipping. However, these are rarely assessed in total in the scientific literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the different impacts of water-based transport on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems and to identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research. The review identified several environmental and ecological consequences within the main impact categories of water discharges, physical impacts, and air emissions. However, although quantitative data on these consequences are generally scarce the shipping contribution to acidification by SOx- and NOx-emissions has been quantified to some extent. There are several knowledge gaps regarding the ecological consequences of, for example, the increasing amount of chemicals transported on water, the spread of non-indigenous species coupled with climate change, and physical impacts such as shipping noise and artificial light. The whole plethora of environmental consequences, as well as potential synergistic effects, should be seriously considered in transport planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika K Jägerbrand
- Calluna AB, Hästholmsvägen 28, SE-131 30 Nacka, Sweden; Department of Construction Engineering and Lighting Science, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, P.O. Box 1026, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Ing-Marie Gren
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7013, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Egres AG, Hatje V, Gallucci F, Machado ME, Barros F. Effects of an experimental oil spill on the structure and function of benthic assemblages with different history of exposure to oil perturbation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 152:104822. [PMID: 31668831 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the short-term effects of a diesel oil spill on the strucure and function of nematode and macrobenthic assemblages between tidal flats with different history of exposure to oil perturbation. A manipulative field experiment was conducted, where oil exposed treatments were contrasted with controls, during four successive times, two before and two after the oil spills. During the oil spill the death and the presence of diverse debilitated macrofaunal organisms were observed in the oil treatments. However, 24 h later no significant changes were identified, suggesting that the impacted plots were quickly recolonized. Nematode assemblages showed a decrease in overall density and an increase of r-strategist traits such as non-selective deposit feeders and colonizers at perturbed treatments from one of the historically non-perturbed tidal flats. We discuss the mechanisms responsible by distinctive patterns of response observed between the two benthic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gonzalez Egres
- Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica (LEB), Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Hatje
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Gallucci
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, São Paulo, 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Francisco Barros
- Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica (LEB), Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
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4
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Amir-Heidari P, Arneborg L, Lindgren JF, Lindhe A, Rosén L, Raie M, Axell L, Hassellöv IM. A state-of-the-art model for spatial and stochastic oil spill risk assessment: A case study of oil spill from a shipwreck. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:309-320. [PMID: 30825750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills are serious environmental issues that potentially can cause adverse effects on marine ecosystems. In some marine areas, like the Baltic Sea, there is a large number of wrecks from the first half of the 20th century, and recent monitoring and field work have revealed release of oil from some of these wrecks. The risk posed by a wreck is governed by its condition, hazardous substances contained in the wreck and the state of the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a need for a common standard method for estimating the risks associated with different wrecks. In this work a state-of-the-art model is presented for spatial and stochastic risk assessment of oil spills from wrecks, enabling a structured approach to include the complex factors affecting the risk values. A unique feature of this model is its specific focus on uncertainty, facilitating probabilistic calculation of the total risk as the integral expected sum of many possible consequences. A case study is performed in Kattegat at the entrance region to the Baltic Sea to map the risk from a wreck near Sweden. The developed model can be used for oil spill risk assessment in the marine environment all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Amir-Heidari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lars Arneborg
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-42671 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - J Fredrik Lindgren
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindhe
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Rosén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Raie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lars Axell
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-42671 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Ida-Maja Hassellöv
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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5
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Zhou J, Chen D, Huang R, Huang G, Yuan Y, Fan H. Effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes on soil microbial activity and the microbial community in oil-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 234:424-430. [PMID: 30640167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid economic development has caused an increase in serious pollution problems due to the ever-increasing use of oil and its products, thus making oil pollution control an urgent task. Studies have shown that large amounts of bacterial-feeding nematodes are present in oil-contaminated soil; their function is as yet unclear. In this experiment, different densities of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were inoculated into artificially simulated oil-contaminated soil to examine their effects on microbial activity and the microbial community in oil-contaminated soil. Six treatments were investigated: sterilized oil-contaminated soil as control 1 (FSP), nematode-free soil as control 2 (S), oil-contaminated soil (SP), oil-contaminated soil + 5, 10 or 20 individual C. elegans per gram of dry soil (i.e., SPN5, SPN10, SPN20). Results showed that oil pollution significantly increased the soil basal respiration. However, C. elegans weakened the soil basal respiration to different degrees and soil microbial respiration entropy essentially changed in line with the soil basal respiration. Oil pollution and C. elegans boosted catalase activity in contaminated soil by approximately 64.2-145.1%. Soil urease activity of SPN5, SPN10 and SPN20 was 88.5%, 126.7% and 109.0% stronger, respectively, than that of SP. The inoculation of C. elegans changed the microbial phospholipid fatty acid content in the oil-contaminated soil, including soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Gram-positive bacteria (G+) and Gram-negative bacteria (G-). Therefore, this research demonstrates that C. elegans can stimulate microbial reproduction in oil-contaminated soil, enhance related soil enzyme activities and regulate soil microbial community structure and diversity, thereby improving the contaminated soil environment and promoting oil degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Rongxia Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Yinghong Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Houbao Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
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6
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Faria LCD, Di Domenico M, Andrade SCS, Santos MCD, Fonseca G, Zanol J, Amaral ACZ. The use of metabarcoding for meiofauna ecological patterns assessment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:160-168. [PMID: 29933903 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine meiofauna comprises up to 22 phyla. Its morphological identification requires time and taxonomists' expertise, and molecular tools can make this task faster. We aim to disentangle meiofaunal diversity patterns at Araçá Bay by applying a model selection approach and estimating the effectiveness of metabarcoding (18S rDNA) and morphological methods for estimating the response of meiofauna diversity in small-scale interactions with environmental variables. A rarefaction curve indicated that ten samples were sufficient for estimating the total number of meiofauna OTUs in a tidal flat. In both approaches, richness was predicted by mean sand percentage, sediment sorting, and bacteria concentration. Nematode genera composition differed significantly between approaches, the result of taxonomic mismatch in the genetic database. The similarity between the model selected for diversity descriptors, the richness of nematode genera and meiofauna composition emphasized the utility of predictive models for metabarcoding estimates to detect small-scale interactions of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiza Cabral de Faria
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, Pontal do Sul, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Zip Code 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, Pontal do Sul, PO Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Zip Code 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão 277, Zip Code 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Cristina Dos Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bloco A, Sala A0-108, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Instituto do Mar. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Joana Zanol
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bloco A, Sala A0-108, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil; Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Estr. de Xerém, 27, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - A Cecilia Z Amaral
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Cidade Universitária, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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7
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Lindgren JF, Hassellöv IM, Nyholm JR, Östin A, Dahllöf I. Induced tolerance in situ to chronically PAH exposed ammonium oxidizers. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:333-339. [PMID: 28545865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment was sampled in the vicinity of a long-term source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to evaluate whether tolerance can be induced in situ. Total PAH concentrations as well as the bioavailable PAHs were measured, and for nine PAHs the pore water concentration could be calculated. An induced tolerance in the ammonium oxidizing community was detected at the site with highest PAH concentration and tolerance was strongest, although not significantly, correlated to bioavailable alkylated PAHs. In addition, the tolerant microbial community showed a significant lower baseline capability for nitrification with an on average 35% reduction compared to the other sites. Meiofaunal community structure differed between all sites, and the difference was significantly correlated to bioavailable alkylated PAHs and PAH31 concentrations. The results suggest that in order to judge magnitude of long-term effects, the bioavailable fraction is to be preferred, and when possible as estimation of the freely dissolved concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fredrik Lindgren
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida-Maja Hassellöv
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Östin
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, 164 90 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingela Dahllöf
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Louati H, Said OB, Soltani A, Cravo-Laureau C, Duran R, Aissa P, Mahmoudi E, Pringault O. Responses of a free-living benthic marine nematode community to bioremediation of a PAH mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15307-15318. [PMID: 25103943 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the responses of benthic nematodes to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination and (2) to test bioremediation techniques for their efficiency in PAH degradation and their effects on nematodes. Sediments with their natural nematofauna communities from Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia) were subjected to a PAH mixture (100 ppm) of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene during 30 days. Nematode abundance and diversity significantly decreased, and the taxonomic structure was altered. Results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data revealed that PAH treatments were significantly different from the control. Spirinia parasitifera became the dominant species (70 % relative abundance) and appeared to be an "opportunistic" species to PAH contamination while Oncholaimus campylocercoides and Neochromadora peocilosoma were strongly inhibited. Biostimulation (addition of mineral salt medium) and bioaugmentation (inoculation of a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium) were used as bioremediation techniques. Bioremediation treatments enhanced degradation of all three PAHs, with up to 96 % degradation for phenanthrene resulting in a significant stimulation of nematode abundance relative to control microcosms. Nevertheless, these treatments, especially the biostimulation provoked a weak impact on the community structure and diversity index relative to the control microcosms suggesting their feasibility in biorestoration of contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Louati
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-IFREMER- IRD-ECOSYM, Université Montpellier 2, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - Olfa Ben Said
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France
| | - Amel Soltani
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France
| | - Cristiana Cravo-Laureau
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France
| | - Robert Duran
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie-UMR CNRS IPREM 5254, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue de l'Université, 64012, Pau, France
| | - Patricia Aissa
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Olivier Pringault
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-IFREMER- IRD-ECOSYM, Université Montpellier 2, 34090, Montpellier, France
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9
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Masetti G, Calder B. A risk index methodology for potentially polluting marine sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-014-9504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Louati H, Said OB, Soltani A, Got P, Cravo-Laureau C, Duran R, Aissa P, Pringault O, Mahmoudi E. Biostimulation as an attractive technique to reduce phenanthrene toxicity for meiofauna and bacteria in lagoon sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3670-3679. [PMID: 24277429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microcosm experiment was setup to examine (1) the effect of phenanthrene contamination on meiofauna and bacteria communities and (2) the effects of different bioremediation strategies on phenanthrene degradation and on the community structure of free-living marine nematodes. Sediments from Bizerte lagoon were contaminated with (100 mg kg(-1)) phenanthrene and effects were examined after 20 days. Biostimulation (addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer or mineral salt medium) and bioaugmentation (inoculation of a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium) were used as bioremediation treatments. Bacterial biomass was estimated using flow cytometry. Meiofauna was counted and identified at the higher taxon level using a stereomicroscope. Nematodes, comprising approximately two thirds of total meiofauna abundance, were identified to genus or species. Phenanthrene contamination had a severe impact on bacteria and meiofauna abundances with a strong decrease of nematodes with a complete disappearance of polychaetes and copepods. Bioremediation counter balanced the toxic effects of phenanthrene since meiofauna and bacteria abundances were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those observed in phenanthrene contamination. Up to 98 % of phenanthrene removal was observed. In response to phenanthrene contamination, the nematode species had different behavior: Daptonema fallax was eliminated in contaminated microcosms, suggesting that it is an intolerant species to phenanthrene; Neochromadora peocilosoma, Spirinia parasitifera, and Odontophora n. sp., which significantly (p < 0.05) increased in contaminated microcosms, could be considered as "opportunistic" species to phenanthrene whereas Anticoma acuminata and Calomicrolaimus honestus increased in the treatment combining biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Phenanthrene had a significant effect on meiofaunal and bacterial abundances (p < 0.05), with a strong reduction of density and change in the nematode communities. Biostimulation using mineral salt medium strongly enhanced phenanthrene removal, leading to a decrease of its toxicity. This finding opens exciting axes for the future use of biostimulation to reduce toxic effects of PAHs for meiofauna and bacteria in lagoon sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Louati
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia,
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11
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Lindgren JF, Hassellöv IM, Dahllöf I. PAH effects on meio- and microbial benthic communities strongly depend on bioavailability. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 146:230-8. [PMID: 24326190 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic pollutants in dissimilar habitats can vary depending on differences in bioavailability. The factors determining bioavailability are not yet fully understood. This study was performed to evaluate whether analysis of total PAH concentrations in sediments is a satisfactory measurement to indicate environmental effects or if bioavailability is needed to be taken into account. We have here performed a 60-day experiment, where nominal PAH concentrations of 1,300 μg/kg sediment were added to three different marine sediments. Meiofaunal and microbial communities were analyzed for alterations in community response at 30 and 60 days. Results showed that bioavailability of PAHs varied between the three different sediments. Nonetheless, the petroleum addition gave rise to significant negative effects on all three sediments at both time points. The two direct measurements of toxicity on the microbial community, potential nitrification and denitrification, displayed a lower effect of the PAH addition in the muddy sediment at both time points, compared to the other two sediment types. No effects were seen in the analysis of meiofaunal community structure. Measurements of PAH bioavailability in the three sediment types concurred with the results from the microbial community, revealing a lower bioavailability in the muddy sediment compared to the other two sediment types, 34% compared to sandy and 18% compared to organic at day 0. At day 60 it was 61% lower compared to sandy and 20% lower compared to organic. The negative effects of the PAH addition on the microbial nitrogen cycle were in six out of eight cases best correlated to the amount of alkylated bioavailable PAH in the sediments, and thus microbial nitrogen cycle is a possible good indicator for assessing PAH-induced stress. The results presented here have implications for risk analysis studies of petroleum-contaminated marine sediments; consequently, sediment characteristics and its effects on bioavailability are important to include. In addition, these results add to the understanding that bioavailability measurements of PAHs are a more correct assessment compared to measurements of total PAH concentrations, and need to be included when estimating effects of PAHs in marine benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fredrik Lindgren
- Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ida-Maja Hassellöv
- Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Dahllöf
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Louati H, Said OB, Soltani A, Got P, Mahmoudi E, Cravo-Laureau C, Duran R, Aissa P, Pringault O. The roles of biological interactions and pollutant contamination in shaping microbial benthic community structure. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2535-2546. [PMID: 24206831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological interactions between metazoans and the microbial community play a major role in structuring food webs in aquatic sediments. Pollutants can also strongly affect the structure of meiofauna and microbial communities. This study aims investigating, in a non-contaminated sediment, the impact of meiofauna on bacteria facing contamination by a mixture of three PAHs (fluoranthene, phenanthrene and pyrene). Sediment microcosms were incubated in the presence or absence of meiofauna during 30 days. Bioremediation treatments, nutrient amendment and addition of a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium, were also tested to enhance PAH biodegradation. Results clearly show the important role of meiofauna as structuring factor for bacterial communities with significant changes observed in the molecular fingerprints. However, these structural changes were not concomitant with changes in biomass or function. PAH contamination had a severe impact on total meiofaunal abundance with a strong decrease of nematodes and the complete disappearance of polychaetes and copepods. In contrast, correspondence analysis, based on T-RFLP fingerprints, showed that contamination by PAH resulted in small shifts in microbial composition, with or without meiofauna, suggesting a relative tolerance of bacteria to the PAH cocktail. The PAH bioremediation treatments were highly efficient with more than 95% biodegradation. No significant difference was observed in presence or absence of meiofauna. Nutrient addition strongly enhanced bacterial and meiofaunal abundances as compared to control and contaminated microcosms, as well as inducing important changes in the bacterial community structure. Nutrients thus were the main structural factor in shaping bacterial community composition, while the role of meiofauna was less evident.
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Landquist H, Hassellöv IM, Rosén L, Lindgren JF, Dahllöf I. Evaluating the needs of risk assessment methods of potentially polluting shipwrecks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 119:85-92. [PMID: 23467103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Shipwrecks deteriorate and the probability of a release of oil increases with time on the sea floor. The potential leakage is a risk to the marine environment and may also have social and economic consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate existing methods for risk assessment of shipwrecks and suggest a generic risk assessment framework. A risk assessment is necessary for providing decision support on remediation actions and thus enabling an efficient use of available resources. Existing risk assessment methods aimed for assessing shipwrecks were evaluated by comparison to relevant parts of an international standard on risk management. The comparison showed that existing methods lack several key components of risk assessment procedures. None of the evaluated methods provide a comprehensive risk assessment for potentially polluting shipwrecks and few take into account uncertainty and sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a need to develop risk assessment methods considering long-term effects of continuous release of oil into the marine environment. Finally, a generic comprehensive framework for risk assessment of shipwrecks is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Landquist
- Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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