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Behbehani M, Uddin S, Dupont S, Fowler SW, Gorgun AU, Al-Enezi Y, Al-Musallam L, Kumar VV, Faizuddin M. Ocean Acidification-Mediated Food Chain Transfer of Polonium between Primary Producers and Consumers. TOXICS 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 36668740 PMCID: PMC9862112 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and zooplankton are key marine components that play an important role in metal distribution through a food web transfer. An increased phytoplankton concentration as a result of ocean acidification and warming are well-established, along with the fact that phytoplankton biomagnify 210Po by 3−4 orders of magnitude compared to the seawater concentration. This experimental study is carried out to better understand the transfer of polonium between primary producers and consumers. The experimental produced data highlight the complex interaction between the polonium concentration in zooplankton food, i.e. phytoplankton, its excretion via defecated fecal pellets, and its bioaccumulation at ambient seawater pH and a lower pH of 7.7, typical of ocean acidification scenarios in the open ocean. The mass of copepods recovered was 11% less: 7.7 pH compared to 8.2. The effects of copepod species (n = 3), microalgae species (n = 3), pH (n = 2), and time (n = 4) on the polonium activity in the fecal pellets (expressed as % of the total activity introduced through feeding) was tested using an ANOVA 4. With the exception of time (model: F20, 215 = 176.84, p < 0.001; time: F3 = 1.76, p = 0.16), all tested parameters had an impact on the polonium activity (copepod species: F2 = 169.15, p < 0.0001; algae species: F2 = 10.21, p < 0.0001; pH: F1 = 9.85, p = 0.002) with complex interactions (copepod x algae: F2 = 19.48, p < 0.0001; copepod x pH: F2 = 10.54, p < 0.0001; algae x pH: F2 = 4.87, p = 0.009). The experimental data underpin the hypothesis that metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation will be enhanced in secondary consumers such as crustacean zooplankton due to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Behbehani
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, 451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Scott W. Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Aysun U. Gorgun
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yousef Al-Enezi
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Lamya Al-Musallam
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Vanitha V. Kumar
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Faizuddin
- Gulf Geoinformation Solutions, Hamariya Free Zone, P.O. Box 32223 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Gevao B, Uddin S, Behbehani M, Fowler SW. Temporal trend of polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in the northwestern Arabian Gulf - Evidence from sediment records. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113265. [PMID: 34959104 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study provides an insight into the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) inventories in the sediments of the northwestern Arabian/Persian Gulf. PCBs can be used as chemical markers that correlate with historical events in the region, to estimate the sedimentation rates in the northern Gulf, and to determine the sources of pollutants in the study area. The concentrations of PCBs were generally patchy in sediments. At Station 1 the ΣPCB concentrations generally fluctuated between 0.100 and 0.400 ng g-1 dw throughout the depositional history measured in a sediment core. There were four peaks in the ΣPCB profile corresponding to 1969, 1979, 1983 and 1991. Station 2 showed a prominent peak at depth of 25 cm. The concentrations of the ΣPCBs and ΣICE congeners at this depth were 28 and 12 ng g-1 dw respectively. Concentrations then dropped dramatically thereafter by a factor of 4. The ΣPCB concentrations at Station 3 were very low compared to the concentrations measured at Stations 1 and 2. The PCB concentration in Core 4 which was taken from open waters was 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those in the other coastal cores. However, a 1990-91 peak was omnipresent in these cores. There is no record of PCB production within the Gulf region, and PCB releases into the Kuwait marine environment are likely to originate from their use in products. These maxima in early-1990s can be correlated to inputs from war-related activities, including the reported destruction of PCB-containing transformers and military equipment during the occupation of Kuwait. None of the recent sediment core sections at the four stations had a ΣPCB concentration near the effects range-median (ERM) concentration of 180 ng g-1, or permissible exposure limits (PEL) of 189 ng g-1, or were above the effect range-low (ERL) values of 22.7 ng g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bondi Gevao
- Environment Protection Agency, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Saif Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait.
| | | | - Scott W Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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Annabi-Trabelsi N, Guermazi W, Karam Q, Ali M, Uddin S, Leignel V, Ayadi H. Concentrations of trace metals in phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112392. [PMID: 33894587 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of four trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were investigated for the first time in phytoplankton, zooplankton, and the seawater samples collected from the coast of Gabès, Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea. For over 40 years, this coast has witnessed significant anthropogenic impacts form fertilizer processing. Results obtained for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in seawater far exceed the concentration reported for other Mediterranean coastal waters, highlighting the Gulf of Gabès as a pollution hotspot. The average metals concentration was in the order Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd in water, and phytoplankton, whereas Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd in zooplankton. The biomagnification in phytoplankton and zooplankton for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd was 116, 56, 38, 31, and 127, 157, 30 and 27. The biomagnification of Zn and Pb was higher in zooplankton than phytoplankton, while Cu and Cd were higher in phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Annabi-Trabelsi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Guermazi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Qusaie Karam
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire Mer Molécules Santé EA2160 FR-CNRS 3473 IUML, Le Mans Université, France, Avenue O Messiaen, 72000, France
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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Zhang F, Wang J, Bi Q, Du J. 90Sr in seawater of the East China Sea: Inventory, new potential source, and environmental implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144266. [PMID: 33401046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
90Sr is useful for tracing water mass movement in oceans. We collected a suit of seawater samples from the East China Sea (ECS) in the May 2011 to investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of 90Sr and to understand its transportation and fate. To understand the sources and transportation of 90Sr more clearly, published 137Cs data from the same cruise were used to obtain the 90Sr/137Cs activity ratios. The results showed that 90Sr activities were controlled by the circulation system of the ECS, with high values in coastal regions and low values in oceanic waters. The plume with a high 90Sr/137Cs ratio showed that in late spring, the Changjiang Diluted Water could flow southeastward and extend to 126-127° E, which is farther than the previously known value of 124° E. The high 90Sr/137Cs ratios (1.35 ± 0.62) and a long effective half-life of 90Sr (20.0 ± 0.3 y) in the ECS surface water revealed that 90Sr is surplus in comparison with 137Cs. However, historical variations in the 90Sr/137Cs ratio seem to preclude the simple explanation that riverine input causes a 90Sr surplus in the ECS. Groundwater discharge with a high 90Sr but very low 137Cs may be a new potential source. However, it is difficult to quantify the contribution of groundwater discharge at present, and more detailed studies are required in this regard. Additionally, we compiled 90Sr and 137Cs water column inventory data in the western North Pacific and found that the cumulative fallout onto the ocean was different from that on land in the 20-40° N band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fule Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Qianqian Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Uddin S, Fowler SW, Behbehani M, Al-Ghadban AN, Swarzenski PW, Al-Awadhi N. A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111481. [PMID: 32768672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The region around the Gulf is moving toward a nuclear energy option with the first nuclear power plant now operational in Bushehr, Iran. Others are soon to be commissioned in Abu Dhabi and in Saudi Arabia. For this reason, radiological safety is becoming a prime concern in the region. This review compiles published data on radionuclide concentrations in seawater, sediment, and biota that have been analyzed in the Gulf countries, along with spatial distribution patterns to enable a synoptic view of the available datasets. The seawater concentrations of 3H, 210Po, 210Pb, 137Cs, and 90Sr varied between 130 and 146, 0.48-0.68, 0.75-0.89, 1.25-1.38, 0.57-0.78 mBq L-1, respectively. The 226Ra concentration in seawater varied between 0.26 and 3.82 Bq L-1. Extremely high 40K concentrations between 132 and 149 Bq L-1 have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to 8.9-9.3 Bq L-1 from the western side of the Gulf. Concentrations of 40K, total 210Pb, 137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 235U, 234U, 239+240Pu, and 238Pu were determined in sediment and ranged between 353 and 445, 23.6-44.3, 1.0-3.1, 4.8-5.29, 17.3-20.5, 15-16.4, 28.7-31.4, 1.26-1.30, 29.7-30.0, 0.045-0.21 and 0.028-0.03 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Significantly higher 137Cs values have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to the western coast of the Gulf. Whole fish concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs, 210Po and 90Sr ranged between 230 and 447, 0.7-7.3, <0.5-6.6, <0.5-15.80, <0.17, 0.88-4.26 and 1.86-5.34 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. 210Po was found to be highly concentrated in several marine organisms with the highest 210Po concentration found in the clam Marcia marmorata (193.5-215.6 Bq kg-1 dry weight). The review highlights the overall paucity of data and inconsistencies in the measurement of radionuclides throughout the Gulf region. Further, since the region is moving toward nuclear energy to meet its increasing energy demand, and coupled with the environmental effects from offshore oil exploration and the heavy impact of climate change, there is a pressing need to undertake a comprehensive marine radioactivity monitoring and assessment effort by conducting a joint cruise in the Gulf with participation of all the adjoining countries. Several recommendations on sampling marine matrixes in the Gulf are given with the aim of improving comparability of radionuclide data from the various studies undertaken in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - S W Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - M Behbehani
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | | | - P W Swarzenski
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 98000, Monaco
| | - N Al-Awadhi
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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Alharbi T, El-Sorogy A. Assessment of seawater pollution of the Al-Khafji coastal area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:383. [PMID: 31111273 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-seven coastal seawater samples were collected to assess seawater pollution and document the possible sources at Al-Khafji coastal area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Cd, Hg, and Pb were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results revealed the following order of concentration: Sr > Ni > V > Cu > As > Zn > Al > Fe > Cr > Mn > Pb > Co > Cd > Hg. Most metals exhibited a fluctuated pattern within the studied sites without obvious trend, except Sr and Ni, which showed a fluctuated pattern with increasing trend southwards. The studied sites were classified into polluted, slightly polluted, and non-polluted ones based on HCA analyses. The higher levels of metals in the seawater of the polluted sites may be attributed to atmospheric input and oil spills from underwater pipelines, off offshore oil wells, loading and handling operations, oil terminals, and oil tanker incidents in the Arabian Gulf in general and many other anthropogenic sources in Al-Khafji area in particular such as desalination plant, landfilling due to new constructions, industrial sewage, and the Khafji Joint Operations (KJO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Alharbi
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset El-Sorogy
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Huang D, Yu T, Bao H, Deng F, Lin J, Wang R. Vertical profiles of 90Sr activities in seawater in the Greenland Sea, Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 141:299-306. [PMID: 30955737 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 90Sr activities of seawater were investigated in the high-latitude region of the Arctic Ocean from August-September 2017. The 90Sr activities in seawater in the Chukchi Sea, central Arctic Ocean and East Greenland Sea were 0.31-2.42, 0.12-1.86 and 0.13-1.20 Bq m-3, respectively. The average 90Sr activity (0.92 Bq m-3) below 500 m in the central Arctic Ocean was higher than those in previous reports. Our study provided high-resolution baseline 90Sr activity data for the whole water column in the high-latitude region of the Arctic Ocean (~85°N). The inventory of 90Sr in the central Arctic Ocean was higher than those in the Chukchi Sea and East Greenland Sea. The results of our study indicated that 90Sr could be transported to the deep seawater and remain in the Arctic Ocean for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekun Huang
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Hongyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Fangfang Deng
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rongyuan Wang
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China
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Vighi M, Borrell A, Víkingsson G, Gunnlaugsson T, Aguilar A. Strontium in fin whale baleen: A potential tracer of mysticete movements across the oceans? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1224-1230. [PMID: 30308810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strontium is a metal broadly distributed in oceanic waters, where its concentrations follow gradients mainly driven by oceanographic and biological factors. Studies on terrestrial vertebrates show that Sr can accumulate in mammalian hair in amounts mainly related to the external environment, a property that has been scarcely investigated in aquatic mammals. Cetaceans are marine mammals whose skin is generally hairless, but the species belonging to the mysticete group feed through a filtering apparatus made of keratinous baleen plates that, like hair, grow continuously. During their annual latitudinal migrations, mysticetes cross water masses with variable chemo-physical characteristics that may be reflected in these tissues. In the present study, baleen plates were sampled from 10 fin whales obtained from NW Spain (N = 5) and SW Iceland (N = 5) to investigate Sr concentrations along the plates growth axis. Samples were taken longitudinally at regular 1 cm-intervals on each plate. Sr concentrations, determined through mass spectrometry, ranged from 5 to 40 mg kg-1 and increased from proximal to distal positions along plates. These results suggest a progressive adsorption of Sr on the plate surface, a process that also occurs in mammalian hair. Increasing trends were similar in the two regions but overall concentrations were significantly higher in NW Spain, reflecting different Sr baseline concentrations in the two areas and indicating isolation between the two whale populations. Some oscillations in Sr longitudinal trends were also detected, likely indicating that whales migrate across water masses with different Sr baselines. These results suggest that Sr concentrations in keratinous tissues of marine mammals can be used as ecological tracers of their migrations and habitat use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Vighi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Borrell
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Víkingsson
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Skúlagata 4, 121 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Th Gunnlaugsson
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Skúlagata 4, 121 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - A Aguilar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences; IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Shao Y, Yang G, Tazoe H, Ma L, Yamada M, Xu D. A review of measurement methodologies and their applications to environmental 90Sr. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:321-333. [PMID: 30029206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high fission yield product 90Sr has been released into the environment in large amounts due to nuclear weapon tests, nuclear power plant accidents, and nuclear fuel reprocessing industries. It is a long half-life radionuclide (28.9 y), with serious consequences to human health; hence, it is desirable to perform routine monitoring of 90Sr in environmental samples. Many 90Sr radiometric methods have been developed in the past decades, which generally require complicated separation and purification steps with a relatively long analytical time. Moreover, some nominally rapid methods usually have high method detection limits, making them unsuitable for the environmental samples with ultra-low 90Sr levels. In this review, some rapid and practical methods for 90Sr routine monitoring are summarized. Different sample pretreatments and major purification procedures for 90Sr developed in recent years, such as variable digestion methods and extraction chromatography using Sr resin or DGA resin, are especially described. Additionally, four conventional and widely used β spectrometric and mass spectrometric methods are demonstrated. Finally, 90Sr evaluations focusing on contaminated soil and seawater samples collected after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, and 90Sr application as tracers for environmental behavior are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Lingling Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Masatoshi Yamada
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Diandou Xu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Uddin S, Behbehani M. Concentrations of selected radionuclides and their spatial distribution in marine sediments from the northwestern Gulf, Kuwait. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:73-81. [PMID: 29475717 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on creating a baseline for 40K, 210Pb, 137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 235U, 234U, 239+240Pu and 238Pu in marine sediments in the northwestern Gulf. The respective measured concentration ranges were 386-489, 32.3-48.8, 1.5-2.9, 4.53-5.42, 18.3-23.1, 18.8-23.0, 22.3-30.5, 0.99-1.33, 25.6-34.8, 0.30-0.93, and 0.0008-0.00018Bqkg-1. The levels of these radionuclides are generally comparable to values reported for other marine waters in the northern hemisphere. The 137Cs activity in the Gulf sediments offshore Kuwait is an order of magnitude lower compared to sediments from northeastern Iran. Other than that finding, no hot spots were observed in sediments adjacent to power and desalination plants, oil and gas industrial activities or wastewater treatment facilities. These data will serve as a baseline to gauge possible future inputs of radionuclides in the northern Gulf. The calculated average ratio of 235U/238U activity in the area is in agreement with the reported figure of the natural uranium ratio, suggesting the absence of depleted uranium (DU) at all the stations. The low concentration of 239+240Pu suggests that there is no significant source of plutonium except that from atmospheric fallout from weapon testing and possible dry deposition via long-range dust transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
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