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Uddin S, Fowler SW, Behbehani M, Al-Ghadban AN, Swarzenski PW, Al-Awadhi N. A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 159:111481. [PMID: 32768672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The region around the Gulf is moving toward a nuclear energy option with the first nuclear power plant now operational in Bushehr, Iran. Others are soon to be commissioned in Abu Dhabi and in Saudi Arabia. For this reason, radiological safety is becoming a prime concern in the region. This review compiles published data on radionuclide concentrations in seawater, sediment, and biota that have been analyzed in the Gulf countries, along with spatial distribution patterns to enable a synoptic view of the available datasets. The seawater concentrations of 3H, 210Po, 210Pb, 137Cs, and 90Sr varied between 130 and 146, 0.48-0.68, 0.75-0.89, 1.25-1.38, 0.57-0.78 mBq L-1, respectively. The 226Ra concentration in seawater varied between 0.26 and 3.82 Bq L-1. Extremely high 40K concentrations between 132 and 149 Bq L-1 have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to 8.9-9.3 Bq L-1 from the western side of the Gulf. Concentrations of 40K, total 210Pb, 137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 235U, 234U, 239+240Pu, and 238Pu were determined in sediment and ranged between 353 and 445, 23.6-44.3, 1.0-3.1, 4.8-5.29, 17.3-20.5, 15-16.4, 28.7-31.4, 1.26-1.30, 29.7-30.0, 0.045-0.21 and 0.028-0.03 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Significantly higher 137Cs values have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to the western coast of the Gulf. Whole fish concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs, 210Po and 90Sr ranged between 230 and 447, 0.7-7.3, <0.5-6.6, <0.5-15.80, <0.17, 0.88-4.26 and 1.86-5.34 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. 210Po was found to be highly concentrated in several marine organisms with the highest 210Po concentration found in the clam Marcia marmorata (193.5-215.6 Bq kg-1 dry weight). The review highlights the overall paucity of data and inconsistencies in the measurement of radionuclides throughout the Gulf region. Further, since the region is moving toward nuclear energy to meet its increasing energy demand, and coupled with the environmental effects from offshore oil exploration and the heavy impact of climate change, there is a pressing need to undertake a comprehensive marine radioactivity monitoring and assessment effort by conducting a joint cruise in the Gulf with participation of all the adjoining countries. Several recommendations on sampling marine matrixes in the Gulf are given with the aim of improving comparability of radionuclide data from the various studies undertaken in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - S W Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - M Behbehani
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | | | - P W Swarzenski
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 98000, Monaco
| | - N Al-Awadhi
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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Rahman MT, Helmy M, Ismail M, Helmy S, Husain A, Selimovic N, Husain A, Alsaddah J, Khaliel F, Al-Kumaim M, Jamali QA, Jaafar A, Shareef MA, Alsaddah J, Bitar ZI, Abdelaal KM, Khaliel F, Elameen SM, Al-Zakwani I, Gaber R, Gaber R, Gafarov VV, Gafarov V, Kassem HH, Kassem HH, Ali DMS, Alfaddagh A, Alhalabi B, Aman K, Rashed W, Al-Awadi A, Al-Awadhi N, Al-Kumim M, Zubaid R, Zubaid R, Ahmed A, Usha PT, Kassem HH, Al-Youha D, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Alsayegh Z, Hussein G, Ahmed A, Rashed W, Salem DM, Al-huthaifi A, Mohammad BI, Mohamed GA, Hamdy S, Mohamed GA, Aboushokka W, AL-Khawlani N, AlSadda J, Majumder AAS, Rahman A, Ali M, Chowdhury AW, Abdelal K, Ibrahem M, Nassar M, Hamad M, Arafa S, Elyas A, Anilkumar S, Alzaeem H, Hajar R, AlBannay R, Agrwal S, AlHaiky W, Makki K, Koshy S, Mahdi N, AlAlawi S, AlAlawi M, Haidr M, Alburaiki J, Khaliel F, Alsanei A, Eyjolfsson A, Kjellamn U, Saad E, Halees Z, AlSanei A, Halees Z, Selimovic N, Alkandari S, Almutairi M, Shokka WA, Anwer LA, Selimovic N, Kjellman U, AlSanei A, Alanazi M, Saad E, Alburaiki J, AlHalees Z, Al-Khateeb A, Al-Motarreb A, Al-Shami M, Munibari A, Al-Qudaimi A, Minshall I, Abdulwahab M, Al-Hashemi E, Rahmatullah SH, Selimovic N, AlShahid M, AlHalees Z, Khaliel F, Alkandari S, Almutairi M, Maadarani O, Almerri K, Abdelghafaar AM, mosalam K, Anwer LA, Abudan A, Aqil SM, AlHalees Z, AlSanei A, Khan S, Selimovic N, Othman MA, Katta A, Usama M, Panduranga P, Zubaid M, Sulaiman K, Rashed W, Alsheikh-Ali A, AlMahmeed W, Shehab A, Al Qudaimi A, Asaad N, Amin H, Bayomy S, Atalla W, Panov DO, Gromova EA, Gagulin IV, Gafarova AV, Panov D, Gromova E, Gagulin I, Gafarova A, Abdullah A, Al-Jarallah M, Sayed W, Aljarallah MA, El Shafy DSKA, Allah DEA, Bakri DMH, Mohamed HA, Ghoneim DA, Alhalabi B, Al-Nassar A, Zaher R, Al-Awadhi N, Longnecker JC, Alfaddagh A, Zaher R, Al-Awadhi N, Al-Nassar A, Longenecker J, Saeed A, Kassim S, Zubaid M, Alsheikh-Ali A, Alrawahi N, Ridha M, Akbar M, Alenezi F, Alhamdan R, Almahmeed W, Ouda H, Al-Mulla A, Baslaib F, Shehab A, Alnuaimi A, Amin H, Krumholz HM, Al-Sabt Y, Al-Shammari A, Dawod M, Al-Janfawi M, Zaher R, Al-Nassar A, Alhalabi B, Alfaddagh A, Longenecker J, Al-Sagheer N, Munibari AN, Ridha M, Akbar M, Ridha M, Akbar M, Jamiel A, Al-Mallah MH, Rajesh R, Faybushevich AG, Hemeda AA, Mousa AT, Aljarallah MA, Al-Nami N, El-Ghandour N, Al-Fahad F, Mohammed A, Al-Huwais S, Al-Taiar A, Al-Mallah MH, Al-Mallah MH, Mutairi M, Mistry B, Alsayegh A, Mostafa FA, Zekri H, Elmahdy S, Khalid F, Qureshi W, AL-Mallah MH, Zubaid M, Alsheikh-Ali A, Alrawahi N, Ridha M, Akbar M, Alenezi F, Alhamdan R, Almahmeed W, Ouda H, Al-Mulla A, Baslaib F, Shehab A, Alnuaimi A, Amin H, Krumholz HM, Bashawar DZ, Alali DA, Namazi MH, Vakili H, Safi M, Saadat H, Yousif FG, Yousif MS, Gaber MA, Abd-Elazeem A, Mohamed GA, Mustafa S, Wahed LA, El-Deen HS, Zedan M, Abd-Elrahman MZ, Soliman H, Mahran R, ElKady T, AL-Khawlani A, AL-Motarreb A, Sherif S, AlMilahi M, AlMutairi M, Hayat N. Gulf Heart Assocation 2015 Conference Proceedings Abstracts14Immediate and In-hospital Complications of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention22Mitral Valve Replacement in the Presence of Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in Upper Egypt33Anomalous Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Arising from Pulmonary Artery in a 63 year-old patient Case Report34Accuracy of global longitudinal strain analysis in early diagnosis and localization of significant coronary artery lesions in non st - elevation acute coronary syndrome37Heart rate at discharge is an independent predictor of readmission and mortality among patients admitted with acute heart failure. Cohort analysis from Salmaniya Medical Complex - Kingdom of Bahrain38More than 200 heart transplantation from the single centre in the Middle East. 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Results from Gulf Survey of Atrial Fibrillation Events (Gulf SAFE) in the Middle East69Detection of Early Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Maternoplacental Syndrome byTissue Doppler and Strain Rate Imaging70Right Ventricular Function Assessment in Single LAD lesion Patients Using Strain and Strain Rate Imaging74Anxiety traits and long-term risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in female population 25–64 years in Russia: MONICA-Psychosocial Epidemiological Study75The effect of personal anxiety on 16 years risk of an arterial hypertension in female population aged 25–64 in Russia: based on WHO epidemiological program MONICA-psychosocial77Comparison between Kuwaitis and expatriates in clinical features and outcome of primary PCI for acute ST elevation MI78Gender-related differences in the presentation, performance and outcome of primary PCI in a tertiary center in Kuwait79Venous saturations from central venous line and from venous side of heart lung machine are not interchangeable with mixed venous saturation from the pulmonary artery in children undergoing open heart surgery83Practice of smoking cessation counselling among physicians in Kuwait84Patterns of tobacco smoking among physicians in Kuwait85Cardiac Status among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis in Aden, Yemen: A Cross Sectional Study92Management and outcomes of Gulf citizens with ST elevation myocardial infarction: Findings from Gulf COAST99The Effect of Acute Epicatechin-3-gallate, Epigallocatechin and Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate Treatment on Tobacco Smoking Induced Heart Failure, In Ischemia/Reperfusion Rat Heart Model103Smoking patterns and smoking cessation counseling practices among medical students in Kuwait104Early Experience in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for complex Lesion among Yemeni Patients106Influence of gender on presentation and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in Kuwait107Characteristics and outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation in Kuwait108Prognostic Value of Normal Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Patients with Acute Chest Pain: A 15-years Follow up Study109Mitral Stenosis– Impact of Deranged Pulmonary Function Tests on Early Postoperative Outcome111Analysis of in-hospital delay components in patients with STEMI going for primary PCI in a single center112Association between Oral Hygiene Practices and Coronary Heart Disease in Kuwait113Under-utilization of Nuclear Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Middle East114Temporal Trends of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Saudi Arabia: A Call for Action117Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia using 3D mapping with the EnSite system118Exercise Intolerance in Postoperative Fallot Repair, Does it Correlate with Pulmonary Regurgitation?119Incremental Prognostic Value of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Renal Dysfunction120Impact of bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome on morbidity and mortality in the Gulf Region121Improving Documentation of Cardio-Vascular Disease Risk in Medical Records of Diabetic Patients attending Non Communicable Disease Clinics at West Bay Health Center in Qatar124The non-hyperemic coronary pressure notch as an indicator of the physiologic significance of coronary artery stenosis125Cardioprotective Effect Of Selenium And N-Acetylcysteine Versus Their Combination Against Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury126Association between albuminuria and abnormal cardiac Findings in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Role of Urine Albumin Excretion129Sub-clinical cardiovascular changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: Doppler ultrasound evaluation130Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein as a marker of severity in Adult with diabetic ketoacidosis131Carotid artery stenting in asymptomatic tight carotid artery stenosis scheduled for elective CABG surgery. (CASCADE study)132Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Yemen Data from Gulf Race133Catheterization in Post CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft); Lessons Learned. Eur Heart J Suppl 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suv043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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