1
|
de Castro Cruz A, Fonseca ST, Araújo VL, Cardoso TB, Milagres Brandão FC, de Melo Ocarino J, Resende RA, Souza TR. Reductions in rearfoot eversion posture due to proximal muscle strengthening are dependent on foot-ankle varus alignment. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:79-86. [PMID: 38876705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strengthening the hip and trunk muscles may decrease foot pronation in upright standing due to expected increases in hip passive torque and lower-limb external rotation. However, considering the increased pronation caused by a more varus foot-ankle alignment, subjects with more varus may experience smaller or no postural changes after strengthening. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on lower-limb posture during upright standing and hip passive torque of women with more and less varus alignment. METHODS This nonrandomized controlled experimental study included 50 young, able-bodied women. The intervention group (n = 25) performed hip and trunk muscle strengthening exercises, and the control group (n = 25) maintained their usual activities. Each group was split into two subgroups: those with more and less varus alignment. Hip, shank, and rearfoot-ankle posture and hip passive external rotation torque were evaluated. Mixed analyses of variance and preplanned contrasts were used to assess prepost changes and between-group differences (α = 0.05). RESULTS The less-varus subgroup of the intervention group had a reduced rearfoot eversion posture (P = 0.02). No significant changes were observed in the less-varus subgroup of the control group (P = 0.31). There were no significant differences in posture between the control and intervention groups when varus was not considered (P ≥ 0.06). The intervention group had increased hip passive torque (P = 0.001) compared to the control group, independent of varus alignment. CONCLUSION Despite the increases in hip passive torque, the rearfoot eversion posture was reduced only in women with a less-varus alignment. Having more foot-ankle varus may prevent eversion reductions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Castro Cruz
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Teixeira Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Lara Araújo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Thais Brasil Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana de Melo Ocarino
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Renan Alves Resende
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aquino MRC, Resende RA, Van Emmerik R, Souza TR, Fonseca ST, Kirkwood RN, Ocarino JM. Influence of reduced passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion on lower limb kinetics and stiffness during gait. Gait Posture 2024; 109:147-152. [PMID: 38309125 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADF-ROM) during single support phase allows elastic energy storage in the calcaneal tendon, contributing to advance the body forward. Reduced ADF-ROM may influence lower limb kinetics and stiffness. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the influence of reduced passive ADF-ROM on lower limb internal moments and stiffness during gait? METHODS Thirty-two participants, classified into two groups according to passive ADF-ROM (smaller than 10° and greater than 15°), were submitted to gait assessment at self-selected speed with a force platform and a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical parametrical mapping (SPM) analyses were used to compare the lower limbs' internal moments between groups. Independent t-tests analyzed the differences between groups on lower limb stiffness during gait. RESULTS The lower ADF-ROM group had greater knee flexor moment (terminal stance and push-off), greater ankle abductor (i.e., shank internal rotator) moment in terminal stance and greater knee internal rotator moment in mid to terminal stance. The lower ADF-ROM group also had higher lower limb stiffness during gait. SIGNIFICANCE Individuals with reduced passive ADF-ROM had greater lower limb stiffness and adopted a gait pattern with increased knee and ankle moments, suggesting increased loading at these joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R C Aquino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renan A Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Richard Van Emmerik
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Kinesiology, 30 Eastman Lane, 01003 Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Thales R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata N Kirkwood
- McMaster University, Hamilton School of Rehabilitation Science, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8 ON, Canada
| | - Juliana M Ocarino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frederico RA, Santos TRT, Okai-Nóbrega LA, Ocarino JM, Souza TR, Fonseca ST. Runners with a history of shank and foot injury: Interactions among local musculoskeletal factors, age, and running experience. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 62:1-9. [PMID: 37300967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify subgroups of runners' profiles who had or did not have a History of Running-Related Injury in the Shank and Foot (HRRI-SF). DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Clinical measures of passive ankle stiffness (measured as ankle position (compliance) to index passive joint stiffness), forefoot-shank alignment, peak torque of ankle plantar flexors, years of running experience, and age were analyzed through Classification and Regression Tree (CART). RESULTS The CART identified four subgroups of runners with a greater prevalence of HRRI-SF: (1) ankle stiffness ≤0.42°; (2) ankle stiffness >0.42°, age ≤23.5 years, and forefoot varus >19,64°; (3) ankle stiffness >0.42°, age >62.5 years, and forefoot varus ≤19.70°; (4) ankle stiffness >42°, age >62.5 years, forefoot varus >19.70°, and running experience ≤7 years. Three subgroups had a lower prevalence of HRRI-SF: (1) ankle stiffness >0.42° and age between 23.5 and 62.5 years; (2) ankle stiffness >0.42°, age ≤23.5 years, and forefoot varus ≤14.64°; (3) ankle stiffness >0.42°, age >62.5 years, forefoot varus >19.7°, and running experience >7 years. CONCLUSION One runner profile subgroup showed that higher ankle stiffness could predict HRRI-SF without association with other variables. Distinct interactions among variables characterized the other subgroups' profiles. The identified interactions among the predictors used to characterize the runners' profiles could be used in clinical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alves Frederico
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ribeiro Teles Santos
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liria Akie Okai-Nóbrega
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo Ocarino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio Teixeira Fonseca
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aquino MRC, Resende RA, Kirkwood RN, Souza TR, Fonseca ST, Ocarino JM. Spatial-temporal parameters, pelvic and lower limb movements during gait in individuals with reduced passive ankle dorsiflexion. Gait Posture 2022; 93:32-38. [PMID: 35063755 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADF-ROM) allows the anterior roll of the tibia relative to the foot during the midstance phase of gait, which contributes to forward movement of the body. Individuals with reduced passive ADF-ROM may present altered movement patterns during gait due to an inefficient anterior tibial roll over the support foot during the stance phase. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the influence of reduced passive ADF-ROM on the pelvic and lower limb movements and spatiotemporal parameters during gait? METHOD Thirty-two participants divided into two groups according to the degree of passive ADF-ROM-less than 10° (lower ADF-ROM group) or greater than 15° (higher ADF-ROM group) -were subjected to gait assessment using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Independent t-tests were used to compare the pelvic and lower limb movements and spatiotemporal gait parameters between the groups on this cross-sectional study. RESULTS The lower ADF-ROM group had shorter step length, lower peak of pelvic ipsilateral rotation angle, and lower hip and knee maximum flexion angles in the stance phase (p < 0.05). In addition, the peaks of the ankle and forefoot-rearfoot dorsiflexion angles were smaller in the reduced ADF-ROM group (p < 0.05). The between-group differences presented effect sizes varying from moderate to large. SIGNIFICANCE Individuals with reduced passive ADF-ROM presented reduced foot and ankle dorsiflexion, knee and hip flexion, and pelvis rotation movements and shorter step length during gait. However, no differences in foot pronation were noted between groups. Therefore, individuals with reduced passive ADF-ROM present alterations in the lower limb and pelvic movements during gait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R C Aquino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renan A Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renata N Kirkwood
- McMaster University, Hamilton School of Rehabilitation Science, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8 ON, Canada.
| | - Thales R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; McMaster University, Hamilton School of Rehabilitation Science, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8 ON, Canada.
| | - Sergio T Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; McMaster University, Hamilton School of Rehabilitation Science, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8 ON, Canada.
| | - Juliana M Ocarino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costa BL, Magalhães FA, Araújo VL, Richards J, Vieira FM, Souza TR, Trede R. Is there a dose-response of medial wedge insoles on lower limb biomechanics in people with pronated feet during walking and running? Gait Posture 2021; 90:190-196. [PMID: 34509041 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effects of medial wedge insoles on lower limb biomechanics have been investigated, information about the effects of different magnitudes of medial posting is still lacking. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the dose-response effects of medial wedge insoles with postings varying between 0 °, 3 °, 6 °, and 9 ° of inclination on the lower limb biomechanics during walking and running in individuals with pronated feet? METHODS Sixteen participants with an FPI ≥ 6 were recruited. Four arch-supported insole conditions with varying degrees of medial heel wedge were tested (0°, 3°, 6°, and 9°). A 3D motion analysis system with force plates was used to obtain the kinetics and kinematics of walking and running at self-selected speeds. To compare the ankle, knee, and hip angles and moments among conditions, a time series analysis was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). RESULTS A reduction in ankle eversion angle was observed during walking for all insoles. For running, the 6° and 9° insoles decreased the ankle eversion angle during early stance and increased this angle during the propulsive phase. A decrease in ankle eversion moment was observed in walking and running for 6° and 9° insoles. An increase in knee adduction moment occurred in walking and running for all insoles. For hip, the 6° and 9° insoles showed, during walking, a decrease in hip adduction angle and an increase in hip adduction and external rotation moments. For most variables, statistical differences were found for a greater period across the stance phase as the medial wedge increased, except for ankle eversion moment and hip external rotation moment during walking. SIGNIFICANCE The biomechanical effects over the time series for many of the parameters increased with the addition of insole inclination, showing a dose-response effect of medial wedge insoles on the lower limb biomechanics during walking and running in adults with excessive foot pronation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brunna Librelon Costa
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Anicio Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lara Araújo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jim Richards
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Fernanda Muniz Vieira
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Trede
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hornestam JF, Arantes PMM, Souza TR, Resende RA, Aquino CF, Fonseca ST, da Silva PLP. Foot pronation affects pelvic motion during the loading response phase of gait. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:727-734. [PMID: 34020879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased foot pronation during walking has been associated with low back pain. This association may be due to the impact of increased pronation on pelvic motion. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of increased bilateral foot pronation on pelvic kinematic in frontal and transverse planes during the loading response phase of gait. METHODS Pelvic, hip, and foot angular positions of 20 participants were collected while they walked at fast speed wearing flat and medially inclined insoles inserted in the shoes. Pelvic motion in frontal and transverse planes was analyzed during the loading response phase. Foot eversion-inversion was analyzed during the complete stance phase to verify the insoles effectiveness in inducing increased pronation and to exclude excessive pronators. RESULTS Inclined insoles were effective in inducing increased foot pronation. Pelvic and hip motion were altered in the increased pronation condition compared to the control condition. In the frontal plane, mean pelvic position was more inclined to the contralateral side (mean difference [MD]: 0.54°; 95%CI: 0.23, 0.86) and its range of motion (ROM) was reduced (MD: 0.50°; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.79). In the transverse plane, mean pelvic position was less rotated toward the contralateral leg (MD: 1.03°; 95%CI: 0.65, 1.60) without changes in ROM (MD: 0.04°; 95%CI: -0.17, 0.25). The hip was more internally rotated (MD: 1.37°; 95%CI: 0.76, 1.98) without changes in ROM (MD: 0.10°; 95%CI: -1.02, 1.23). CONCLUSION Increased bilateral foot pronation changes pelvic motion during walking and should be assessed, as a contributing factor to possible pelvic and lower back disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira Hornestam
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Paula Maria Machado Arantes
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renan Alves Resende
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Ferreira Aquino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Sergio Teixeira Fonseca
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardoso VA, Resende RA, Aquino CF, Andrade AGP, Silva PLP, Amaral GM, Fonseca ST, Ocarino JM. A novel single-leg squat test with speed and accuracy requirements: Reliability and validity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed individuals. Knee 2021; 29:150-159. [PMID: 33636564 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some traditional single-leg squat tests focused on number of repetitions may not demand precise control of lower limb dynamic alignment, especially in the frontal and transverse planes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability and construct validity of a novel single-leg squat test - the 'precision-squat test' (PST) - designed to assess performance under varying task demands that can impact the execution of lower limb movements. A secondary objective was to investigate whether musculoskeletal factors predict performance in the PST in healthy individuals. METHODS Thirty healthy participants were assessed to verify test-retest reliability. To verify the test's construct validity, we compared the performance of 21 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) individuals and 21 matched controls. Finally, 36 healthy individuals were assessed to verify the musculoskeletal factors related to PST performance. All participants performed the PST: they executed single-leg squats while moving a laser pointer (attached to the thigh) between two targets. We varied target size and distance between targets to manipulate the task difficulty. RESULTS Reliability of the PST was excellent at all demand levels (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)(3,2) > 0.93). Squat time increased under test conditions involving higher task difficulty (P < 0.001) and in ACLR individuals compared with age-matched controls (P < 0.05). Regression analyses revealed that reduced knee extensors and hip external rotators torques are related to increased squat time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PST is a valid and reliable tool to assess performance of healthy and ACLR individuals. In addition, hip and knee strength are associated with performance during the test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Cardoso
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renan A Resende
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cecília F Aquino
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Campus Divinópolis, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - André G P Andrade
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula L P Silva
- Center for Cognition, Action, & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giovanna M Amaral
- Biological and Health Sciences Institute, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T Fonseca
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Ocarino
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Magalhães FA, Fonseca ST, Araújo VL, Trede RG, Oliveira LM, Castor CGME, Pinto RZ, Souza TR. Midfoot passive stiffness affects foot and ankle kinematics and kinetics during the propulsive phase of walking. J Biomech 2021; 119:110328. [PMID: 33611052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The midfoot joint complex (MFJC) is related to the mechanics and efficiency of the walking propulsive phase and low midfoot passive stiffness may require compensatory foot and ankle joint moments to avoid excessive pronation and inefficient propulsion. This study aimed to investigate the kinematics and kinetics of the MFJC and ankle during the propulsive phase of walking in subjects with larger and smaller midfoot passive stiffness. MFJC passive stiffness of 20 healthy adult participants, and the kinematics and kinetics of the MFJC (forefoot-rearfoot) and ankle (rearfoot-shank) during the stance phase of walking were measured. The participants were divided equally into two groups according to the MFJC passive stiffness. Ranges of motion (ROM) and mean joint moments were computed for the late stance. Independent t-tests (α = 0.05) revealed that subjects with lower midfoot passive stiffness showed an increased MFJC sagittal ROM (flattened longitudinal arch) (p = 0.002), increased ankle frontal ROM (more everted positions) (p = 0.002), increased MFJC frontal ROM (more inverted positions) (p = 0.019), as well as a tendency for larger ankle sagittal ROM (p = 0.056). They also showed increased MFJC (p = 0.021) and ankle (p = 0.018) moments in the sagittal plane, increased MFJC moment in the frontal plane (p = 0.047) and a tendency for a predominant ankle moment in the frontal (p = 0.058). Foot and ankle joint moments are possible strategies to reduce pronation and improve propulsion, but not sufficient to prevent the altered kinematics related to low midfoot stiffness. Therefore, midfoot passive stiffness is critical for foot and ankle kinematics and kinetics during walking propulsive phase and is a potential target of interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Anicio Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Teixeira Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lara Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Guilherme Trede
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lílian Marques Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Gomes Miranda E Castor
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fajardo CDC, Cardoso TB, Gontijo BA, Magalhães FAD, Souza TRD, Fonseca STD, Ocarino JDM, Resende RA. Hip passive stiffness is associated with midfoot passive stiffness. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:530-535. [PMID: 33658164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip motion in the transverse plane is coupled with foot motion in the frontal plane during closed kinematic activities, such as gait. Considering that movement patterns and bone alignment might influence passive mechanical properties of joints in the long term, it is possible that hip passive stiffness and foot complex stiffness and alignment are related to each other. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether hip passive stiffness, midfoot passive stiffness and shank-forefoot alignment are related to each other. METHOD Thirty healthy adult individuals with a mean age of 25.4 years participated (18 women and 12 men). The Foot Torsimeter was used to measure midfoot stiffness, and hip stiffness and foot alignment were measured using clinical measures. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to test the associations between each pair of variables, with α = 0.05. RESULTS Hip stiffness was positively correlated with midfoot absolute stiffness (r = 0.41, p = 0.02), indicating that increased hip stiffness is associated with increased midfoot stiffness. There were no associations between shank-forefoot alignment and the other variables. CONCLUSIONS In clinical settings, individuals with reduced hip passive stiffness may also have reduced midfoot passive stiffness, and vice versa. Shank-forefoot alignment is not linearly associated with hip or midfoot passive stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara de Castro Fajardo
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Brasil Cardoso
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Antônia Gontijo
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Anício de Magalhães
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende de Souza
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Teixeira da Fonseca
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Melo Ocarino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renan Alves Resende
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferreira VMLM, Oliveira RR, Nazareno TS, Freitas LV, Mendonça LD. Interaction of foot and hip factors identifies Achilles tendinopathy occurrence in recreational runners. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 45:111-119. [PMID: 32763839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the interaction of ankle-foot complex and hip joint factors with Achilles Tendinopathy (AT) occurrence in recreational runners. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Research Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 51 runners, 26 healthy and 25 with AT. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Shank-forefoot alignment (SFA), weight bearing lunge test (WBLT), passive hip internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), hip external rotators (ER) and ankle plantar flexors (PF) isometric strength. CART analyses were performed to assess interactions that could distinguish those with AT. RESULTS Passive hip IR ROM, ankle PF torque, SFA, and hip ER isometric torque were associated AT occurrence. The model correctly classified 92% of individuals without AT and 72% of those with AT. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88. Interaction factors revealed in nodes 3 and 10 were statistically significant. In node 3, runners with more than 29.33° of passive hip IR ROM had a 130% increased likelihood (PR = 2.30) of AT. Node 10 showed that individuals with higher PF torque, SFA varus, ER torque, but reduced passive hip IR ROM had an 87% increased likelihood (PR = 1.87) of AT. CONCLUSION Interactions between hip and foot factors could accurately classify recreational runners with and without AT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M L M Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance -Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jetiquinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, 5000 Alto da Jacuba, 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Oliveira
- Physical Therapy Department - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Major Weyne, 1440, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Thamiris S Nazareno
- Physical Therapy Department - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Major Weyne, 1440, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Lucas V Freitas
- Physical Therapy Department - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Major Weyne, 1440, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Luciana D Mendonça
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance -Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jetiquinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, 5000 Alto da Jacuba, 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Physical Therapy Department, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jetiquinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 584, 5000 Alto da Jacuba, 39100-000, Diamantina, Minhas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Araújo VL, Santos TRT, Khuu A, Lewis CL, Souza TR, Holt KG, Fonseca ST. The effects of small and large varus alignment of the foot-ankle complex on lower limb kinematics and kinetics during walking: A cross-sectional study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 47:102149. [PMID: 32174545 PMCID: PMC7266625 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alignment of the foot-ankle complex may influence the kinematics and kinetics of the entire lower limb during walking. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of different magnitudes of varus alignment of the foot-ankle complex (small versus large) on the kinematics and kinetics of foot, ankle, knee, and hip in the frontal and transverse planes during walking. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHOD Foot-ankle complex alignment in the frontal plane was measured as the angle between the metatarsal heads and the inferior edge of the examination table, measured with the volunteer in prone maintaining the ankle at 0° in the sagittal plane. The participants (n = 28) were divided into two groups according to their alignment angles. The first group had values equal to or inferior to the 45 percentile, and the second group had values equal to or above the 55 percentile. The lower limb kinematics and kinetics were evaluated with the participant walking at self-select speed in an instrumented treadmill. RESULTS The group of large varus alignment showed significantly higher (p < 0.03) forefoot inversion angle at initial contact, amplitude of rearfoot-shank eversion, and peak of inversion ankle moment. There were no differences (p > 0.05) between the groups for knee and hip amplitudes and moments in the frontal and transverse planes. The durations of rearfoot-shank eversion, knee abduction, knee medial rotation, hip adduction, and hip medial rotation were not different between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Large varus alignment of the foot-ankle complex may increase the magnitude of foot pronation and ankle inversion moment during walking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Araújo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Author to whom written correspondence should be mailed: Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, , Phone: +55 31 3409 4783, Fax: +55 31 3409 4781
| | - Thiago R. T. Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anne Khuu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara L. Lewis
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thales R. Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kenneth G. Holt
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergio T. Fonseca
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hajizadeh M, Desmyttere G, Carmona JP, Bleau J, Begon M. Can foot orthoses impose different gait features based on geometrical design in healthy subjects? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Foot (Edinb) 2020; 42:101646. [PMID: 32045719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Foot orthoses (FOs) are popular treatment to alleviate several abnormalities of lower extremity. FO designs might alter lower extremity biomechanics differently, but the association is not yet known. This review aimed to evaluate how different FO designs, namely FO with medial posting, lateral posting, arch support, or arch & heel support, change lower limb kinematics and kinetics during walking. LITERATURE SURVEY Electronic database search were conducted from inception to March 2019, and 25 papers passed the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers checked the quality using a modified Downs and Black checklist (73.7±5.5%) and a biomechanical quality checklist (71.4±17.1%). Effect sizes for differences between with- and without- FO walking were calculated, and meta-analysis was performed whenever at least two studies reported the same variable. RESULTS Medial posting reduced peak ankle eversion moment. Lateral posting brought about higher peak ankle dorsiflexion and peak ankle eversion for kinematics, as well as higher peak ankle abduction moment, lower peak knee adduction moment, and higher peak mediolateral ground reaction force (GRF) for kinetics. FOs with either arch support or arch & heel support tended to decrease vertical ground reaction force, but it was not significant. CONCLUSION The findings of this review reveal that medial or lateral posting work efficiently to change foot and knee kinematics and kinetics. However, the impact force is just slightly decreased by arch-supported and heel supported FOs. Due to the small number of available studies, and heterogeneity in meta-analysis findings, further research with more standardized biomechanical approach are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajizadeh
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Institut Génie Biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada.
| | - Gauthier Desmyttere
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada
| | | | - Jacinte Bleau
- Laboratoire Orthopédique Médicus, 5135 10(e) avenue, Montréal, QC H1Y 2G5, Canada
| | - Mickael Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Institut Génie Biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada; Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Campus Laval, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cardoso TB, Ocarino JM, Fajardo CC, Paes BDC, Souza TR, Fonseca ST, Resende RA. Hip external rotation stiffness and midfoot passive mechanical resistance are associated with lower limb movement in the frontal and transverse planes during gait. Gait Posture 2020; 76:305-310. [PMID: 31887703 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip external rotation stiffness, midfoot passive mechanical resistance and foot alignment may influence on ankle, knee and hip movement in the frontal and transverse planes during gait. RESEARCH QUESTION Are hip stiffness, midfoot mechanical resistance and foot alignment associated with ankle, knee and hip kinematics during gait? METHODS Hip stiffness, midfoot mechanical resistance, and foot alignment of thirty healthy participants (18 females and 12 males) with average age of 25.4 years were measured. In addition, lower limb kinematic data during the stance phase of gait were collected with the Qualisys System (Oqus 7+). Stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed to identify if hip stiffness, midfoot torque, midfoot stiffness and foot alignment were associated with hip and knee movement in the transverse plane and ankle movement in the frontal plane with α = 0.05. RESULTS Reduced midfoot torque was associated with higher hip range of motion (ROM) in the transverse plane (r2 = 0.18), reduced hip stiffness was associated with higher peak hip internal rotation (r2 = 0.16) and higher ROM in the frontal plane (r2 = 0.14), reduced midfoot stiffness was associated with higher peak knee internal rotation (r2 = 0.14) and increased midfoot torque and midfoot stiffness were associated with higher peak knee external rotation (r2 = 0.36). SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrated that individuals with reduced hip and midfoot stiffness have higher hip and knee internal rotation and higher ankle eversion during the stance phase of gait. On the other hand, individuals with increased midfoot torque and stiffness have higher knee external rotation. These relationships can be explained by the coupling between ankle movements in the frontal plane and knee and hip movements in the transverse plane. Finally, this study suggests that midfoot passive mechanical resistance and hip stiffness should be assessed in individuals presenting altered ankle, knee and hip movement during gait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Juliana M Ocarino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Clara C Fajardo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruno D C Paes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thales R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio T Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renan A Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627 Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Magalhães FA, Souza TR, Araújo VL, Oliveira LM, Silveira LDP, Ocarino JDM, Fonseca ST. Comparison of the rigidity and forefoot – Rearfoot kinematics from three forefoot tracking marker clusters during walking and weight-bearing foot pronation-supination. J Biomech 2020; 98:109381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
de Oliveira Silva F, Ferreira JV, Plácido J, Chagas D, Praxedes J, Guimarães C, Batista LA, Laks J, Deslandes AC. Gait analysis with videogrammetry can differentiate healthy elderly, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease: A cross-sectional study. Exp Gerontol 2019; 131:110816. [PMID: 31862421 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gait parameters have been investigated as an additional tool for differential diagnosis in neurocognitive disorders, especially among healthy elderly (HE), those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A videogrammetry system could be used as a low-cost and clinically practical equipment to capture and analyze gait in older adults. The aim of this study was to select the better gait parameter to differentiate these groups among different motor test conditions with videogrammetry analyses. Different motor conditions were used in three specific assessments: 10-meter walk test (10mWT), timed up and go test (TUGT), and treadmill walk test (TWT). These tasks were compared among HE (n=17), MCI (n=23), and AD (n=23) groups. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to compare variables among groups. Then, an effect size (ES) and a linear regression analysis were calculated. The gait parameters showed significant differences among groups in all conditions, but not in TWT. Controlled by confounding variables, the gait velocity in 10mWT at usual speed, and TUGT in dual-task condition, predicts 39% and 53% of the difference among diagnoses, respectively. Finally, these results suggest that a low-cost and practical video analysis could be able to differentiate HE, those with MCI, and AD patients in clinical assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jéssica Plácido
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Chagas
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jomilto Praxedes
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Alberto Batista
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Postgraduate Program in Translacional Biomedicine, Universidade do Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Camaz Deslandes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Araújo VL, Souza TR, Magalhães FA, Santos TR, Holt KG, Fonseca ST. Effects of a foot orthosis inspired by the concept of a twisted osteoligamentous plate on the kinematics of foot-ankle complex during walking: A proof of concept. J Biomech 2019; 93:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Paes BDDC, Resende RA, Gomes RB, Gontijo BA, Magalhães FA, Ocarino JDM, Fonseca ST, Souza TR. The clinical measure of forefoot-shank alignment partially reflects mechanical properties of the midfoot joint complex. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 42:98-103. [PMID: 31102822 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical measure of forefoot-shank alignment (FSA) predicts the amount of foot pronation during weight-bearing tasks. This may be mediated by a relationship between FSA and the mechanical resistance of the midfoot joint complex (MFJC) to forefoot inversion, which is a component of weight-bearing foot pronation. OBJECTIVE To investigate if the clinical measure of FSA is associated with MFJC mechanical resistance to inversion. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. METHOD Forty-six healthy individuals (27 males; 19 females) with mean age of 26.4 years (SD 5.3) participated in this study. FSA was measured with photographs. The resistance torque of the MFJC against inversion was measured with a specially designed device. Mean torque, mean torque normalized by body mass, and joint resting position were calculated as variables related to MFJC mechanical resistance. Correlation analyses were carried out to test the association between each MFJC resistance variable and the FSA (α = 0.05). RESULTS /findings: There were significant moderate correlations of FSA with mean torque (r = -0.44, p = 0.002), mean normalized torque (r = -0.42, p = 0.004) and resting position (r = 0.39, p = 0.007). The clinical measure of FSA is associated to the mechanical resistance of the MFJC: (a) the greater the FSA, the smaller the resistance torques; (b) the greater the FSA, the more inverted the forefoot resting position. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that the clinical measure of FSA is moderately related to mechanical properties of the MFJC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Alves Resende
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael Borges Gomes
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Antônia Gontijo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thales Rezende Souza
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pelvic Drop Changes due to Proximal Muscle Strengthening Depend on Foot-Ankle Varus Alignment. Appl Bionics Biomech 2019; 2019:2018059. [PMID: 31223335 PMCID: PMC6541954 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2018059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strengthening of hip and trunk muscles can modify pelvis and hip movements. However, the varus alignment of the foot-ankle complex (FAC) may influence the effects of muscle strengthening, due to the relationship of FAC alignment with pelvic and hip kinematics. This study evaluated the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on pelvis and hip kinematics during walking, in subgroups with larger and smaller values of FAC varus alignment. In addition, this study evaluated the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on hip passive and active properties, in the same subgroups. Methods Fifty-three women, who were divided into intervention and control groups, participated in this nonrandomized controlled trial. Each group was split into two subgroups with larger and smaller values of FAC varus alignment. Hip and trunk muscle strengthening was performed three times a week for two months, with a load of 70% to 80% of one repetition maximum. Before and after strengthening, we evaluated (1) pelvis and hip excursions in the frontal and transverse planes during walking, (2) isokinetic hip passive external rotator torque, and (3) isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torques of the hip external rotator muscles. Mixed analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were carried out for each dependent variable related to walking kinematics and isokinetic measurements (α = 0.05). Results The subgroup with smaller varus alignment, of the intervention group, presented a reduction in pelvic drop after strengthening (P = 0.03). The subgroup with larger varus alignment increased pelvic drop after strengthening, with a marginal significance (P = 0.06). The other kinematic excursions did not change (pelvic anterior rotation P = 0.30, hip internal rotation P = 0.54, and hip adduction P = 0.43). The intervention group showed increases in passive torque (P = 0.002), peak concentric torque (P < 0.001), and peak eccentric torque (P < 0.001), independently of FAC alignment. These results suggest that FAC varus alignment influences the effects of strengthening and should be considered when hip and trunk muscle strengthening is used to reduce pelvic drop during walking.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gomes RBO, Souza TR, Paes BDC, Magalhães FA, Gontijo BA, Fonseca ST, Ocarino JM, Resende RA. Foot pronation during walking is associated to the mechanical resistance of the midfoot joint complex. Gait Posture 2019; 70:20-23. [PMID: 30780086 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demonstration of the relationship between midfoot passive mechanical resistance and foot pronation during gait may guide the development of assessment and intervention methods to modify foot motion during gait and to alter midfoot passive mechanical resistance. RESEARCH QUESTION Is foot pronation during the stance phase of gait related to the midfoot passive mechanical resistance to inversion? METHODS The resistance torque and stiffness provided by midfoot soft tissues of 33 participants (21 females and 12 males) with average of 26.21 years were measured. In addition, the participants' forefoot and rearfoot kinematic data during the stance phase of gait were collected with the Qualisys System (Oqus 7+). Correlation Coefficients were calculated to test the association between kinematic variables representing pronation (forefoot-rearfoot inversion, forefoot-rearfoot dorsiflexion and rearfoot-shank eversion) and maximum resistance torque and maximum stiffness of the midfoot with α = 0.05. RESULTS Reduced maximum midfoot resistance torque was moderately associated with increased forefoot-rearfoot inversion peak (p = 0.029; r = 0.38), with forefoot-rearfoot dorsiflexion peak (p = 0.048; r = -0.35) and with rearfoot-shank eversion peak (p = 0.008; r = -0.45). Maximum midfoot stiffness was not associated to foot pronation. SIGNIFICANCE The smaller the midfoot resistance torque, the greater the forefoot-rearfoot inversion and dorsiflexion peaks and the rearfoot-shank eversion peak during gait. The findings suggest the existence of a relationship between foot pronation and midfoot passive mechanical resistance. Thus, changes in midfoot passive mechanical resistance may affect foot pronation during gait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael B O Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thales R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruno D C Paes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício A Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruna A Gontijo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio T Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Juliana M Ocarino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renan A Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Non-linear finite element model to assess the effect of tendon forces on the foot-ankle complex. Med Eng Phys 2017; 49:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
21
|
Effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on hip function and lower limb kinematics during step-down task. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2017; 44:28-35. [PMID: 28315596 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strengthening of the hip and trunk muscles has the potential to change lower limb kinematic patterns, such as excessive hip medial rotation and adduction during weight-bearing tasks. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hip and trunk muscles strengthening on hip muscle performance, hip passive properties, and lower limb kinematics during step-down task in women. METHODS Thirty-four young women who demonstrated dynamic knee valgus during step-down were divided into two groups. The experimental group underwent three weekly sessions of strengthening exercises for eight weeks, and the control group continued their usual activities. The following evaluations were carried out: (a) isokinetic maximum concentric and eccentric work of hip lateral rotators, (b) isokinetic hip passive torque of lateral rotation and resting transverse plane position, and (c) three-dimensional kinematics of the lower limb during step-down. FINDINGS The strengthening program increased concentric (P<0.001) and eccentric (P<0.001) work of hip lateral rotators, and changed hip resting position toward lateral rotation (P<0.001). The intervention did not significantly change hip passive torque (P=0.089, main effect). The program reduced hip (P=0.002), thigh (P=0.024) and shank (P=0.005) adduction during step-down task. Hip, thigh and knee kinematics in transverse plane and foot kinematics in frontal plane did not significantly modify after intervention (P≥0.069, main effect). INTERPRETATION Hip and trunk strengthening reduced lower limb adduction during step-down. The changes in hip maximum work and resting position may have contributed to the observed kinematic effects.
Collapse
|
22
|
Souza TR, Araújo VL, Silva PL, Carvalhais VOC, Resende RA, Fonseca ST. External rotation elastic bands at the lower limb decrease rearfoot eversion during walking: a preliminary proof of concept. Braz J Phys Ther 2016; 20:571-579. [PMID: 27849289 PMCID: PMC5176205 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reducing rearfoot eversion is a commonly desired effect in clinical practice to prevent or treat musculoskeletal dysfunction. Interventions that pull the lower limb into external rotation may reduce rearfoot eversion. Objective This study investigated whether the use of external rotation elastic bands, of different levels of stiffness, will decrease rearfoot eversion during walking. We hypothesized that the use of elastic bands would decrease rearfoot eversion and that the greater the band stiffness, the greater the eversion reduction. Method Seventeen healthy participants underwent three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the rearfoot and shank. The participants walked on a treadmill with and without high- and low-stiffness bands. Frontal-plane kinematics of the rearfoot-shank joint complex was obtained during the stance phase of walking. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to compare discrete variables that described rearfoot eversion-inversion: mean eversion-inversion; eversion peak; and eversion-inversion range of motion. Results The low-stiffness and high-stiffness bands significantly decreased eversion and increased mean eversion-inversion (p≤0.037) and eversion peak (p≤0.006) compared with the control condition. Both bands also decreased eversion-inversion range of motion (p≤0.047) compared with control by reducing eversion. The high-stiffness band condition was not significantly different from the low-stiffness band condition for any variables (p≥0.479). Conclusion The results indicated that the external rotation bands decreased rearfoot eversion during walking. This constitutes preliminary experimental evidence suggesting that increasing external rotation moments at the lower limb may reduce rearfoot eversion, which needs further testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thales R Souza
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa L Araújo
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula L Silva
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Viviane O C Carvalhais
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renan A Resende
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T Fonseca
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hornestam JF, Souza TR, Arantes P, Ocarino J, Silva PL. The Effect of Walking Speed on Foot Kinematics is Modified When Increased Pronation is Induced. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2016; 106:419-426. [PMID: 28033053 DOI: 10.7547/15-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between walking speed and foot kinematics during gait is not well established, and neither is it clear whether this relation is modified in the presence of factors expected to increase pronation (eg, abnormal foot alignment). Understanding how foot kinematics is affected by walking speed under varying conditions could contribute to our understanding of stresses to the musculoskeletal system during walking. We evaluated the effect of walking speed on foot kinematics in the frontal plane during gait and determined whether this effect is modified by using medially inclined insoles that force the foot into increased pronation. METHODS Twenty-six healthy young adults were assessed while walking on a treadmill wearing flat insoles and wearing medially inclined insoles. Foot kinematics in the frontal plane was measured with a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Data were analyzed during the stance phase of gait. RESULTS There was no main effect of speed on average calcaneal position. However, there was a significant insole type × walking speed interaction effect. In the flat insole condition, increased walking speed was associated with a less inverted average calcaneal position (or greater magnitudes of eversion), whereas in the inclined insole condition, higher speeds were associated with a less everted average calcaneal position (or increased magnitudes of inversion). CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of foot eversion increases at faster gait speeds under typical conditions. In the presence of factors that induce excessive pronation, however, this effect is reversed. Results suggest that individuals use greater active control of foot motion at faster speeds in the presence of excessive pronation to improve push-off efficiency. Potential clinical consequences of this functional strategy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. Hornestam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thales R. Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paula Arantes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ocarino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paula L. Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Walsh R, Kinsella S. The effects of caudal mobilisation with movement (MWM) and caudal self-mobilisation with movement (SMWM) in relation to restricted internal rotation in the hip: A randomised control pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:9-15. [PMID: 26995777 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A loss of internal rotation (IR) of the hip is associated with hip pathology. Improving IR may improve hip range of motion (ROM) or prevent hip pathology. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of caudal mobilisation with movement (MWM) and caudal self-mobilisation with movement (SMWM) on young healthy male subjects with reduced IR of the hip. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial was performed. Twenty-Two subjects were randomised into a MWM group (n = 6), SMWM group (n = 8) or a control group (n = 8). METHOD The primary outcome measures included the functional internal rotation test (FIRT) for the hip and the passive seated internal rotation test (SIRT) for the hip. Outcomes were captured at baseline and immediately after one treatment of MWMs, SMWMs or control. RESULTS A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), group × time interaction was conducted. The ANOVA revealed the only significant improvement was in the MWM group for the FIRT (p = 0.01), over the control group. Subjects with reduced IR of the hip who receive a single session of MWMs exhibited significantly improved functional IR of their hip than the control group. CONCLUSIONS From the data presented, it can be suggested that caudal MWMs of the hip appear to have a positive effect on functional IR of healthy young hips. This may be due to addressing the positional fault theory or the arthrogenic muscular inhibition theory. SMWMs may be effective in augmenting treatments for patients waiting for hip operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riche Walsh
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland.
| | - Sharon Kinsella
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Engell M, Hernlund E, Egenvall A, Bergh A, Clayton H, Roepstorff L. Does foot pronation in unmounted horseback riders affect pelvic movement during walking? COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/cep150019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Foot pronation is a common postural condition that is related to postural asymmetry, and that may affect performance in a variety of sports. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether unmounted riders (n=18) with predominantly right or left foot pronation had an increased contralateral pelvic drop during stance of the more pronated foot when walking. This was a preliminary step toward investigating the effects of foot pronation during riding. Kinematic data were collected in 3D (250 Hz) using eight motion capture cameras during walking. The amount of foot pronation was measured by summing eversion and external rotation, and it was analysed in relation to maximal pelvic drop during stance. The results showed that during walking, the majority of the riders had significantly greater contralateral pelvic drop when the foot with the higher degree of pronation was in early stance. If the demonstrated postural asymmetry carries over to other activities where weight is distributed to the feet, e.g. at riding when the riders feet exert a force against the stirrups, this may affect the rider’s performance. Further studies are needed to describe the influence of foot pronation in mounted horseback riders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.T. Engell
- Unit of Equine Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7046, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. Hernlund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Egenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7057, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Bergh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H.M. Clayton
- Sport Horse Science, 3145 Sandhill Road, Mason, MI 48854, USA
| | - L. Roepstorff
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|