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Ullah M, Bibi A, Wahab A, Hamayun S, Rehman MU, Khan SU, Awan UA, Riaz NUA, Naeem M, Saeed S, Hussain T. Shaping the Future of Cardiovascular Disease by 3D Printing Applications in Stent Technology and its Clinical Outcomes. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102039. [PMID: 37598773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, 3D printing technology has ushered in a new era of innovation in cardiovascular medicine. 3D printing in CVD management encompasses various aspects, from patient-specific models and preoperative planning to customized medical devices and novel therapeutic approaches. In-stent technology, 3D printing has revolutionized the design and fabrication of intravascular stents, offering tailored solutions for complex anatomies and individualized patient needs. The advantages of 3D-printed stents, such as improved biocompatibility, enhanced mechanical properties, and reduced risk of in-stent restenosis. Moreover, the clinical trials and case studies that shed light on the potential of 3D printing technology to improve patient outcomes and revolutionize the field has been comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, regulatory considerations, and challenges in implementing 3D-printed stents in clinical practice are also addressed, underscoring the need for standardization and quality assurance to ensure patient safety and device reliability. This review highlights a comprehensive resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers seeking to harness the full potential of 3D printing technology in the fight against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ayisha Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ur Rehman
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Azeem Awan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Noor-Ul-Ain Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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