Shaping the Future of Cardiovascular Disease by 3D Printing Applications in Stent Technology and its Clinical Outcomes

Cardiovascular Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease: Beyond Lumen Assessment

Cardiovascular CT is being widely used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease due to the rapid technological advancements in CT scanning techniques. These advancements include the development of multi-slice CT, from early generation to the latest models, which has the capability of acquiring images with high spatial and temporal resolution. The recent emergence of photon-counting CT has further enhanced CT performance in clinical applications, providing improved spatial and contrast resolution. CT-derived fractional flow reserve is superior to standard CT-based anatomical assessment for the detection of lesion-specific myocardial ischemia. CT-derived 3D-printed patient-specific models are also superior to standard CT, offering advantages in terms of educational value, surgical planning, and the simulation of cardiovascular disease treatment, as well as enhancing doctor-patient communication. Three-dimensional visualization tools including virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality are further advancing the clinical value of cardiovascular CT in cardiovascular disease. With the widespread use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning in cardiovascular disease, the diagnostic performance of cardiovascular CT has significantly improved, with promising results being presented in terms of both disease diagnosis and prediction. This review article provides an overview of the applications of cardiovascular CT, covering its performance from the perspective of its diagnostic value based on traditional lumen assessment to the identification of vulnerable lesions for the prediction of disease outcomes with the use of these advanced technologies. The limitations and future prospects of these technologies are also discussed.

Genomic insights into heart health: Exploring the genetic basis of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as the leading cause of death worldwide. CVD continues to be a major cause of death and morbidity despite significant improvements in its detection and treatment. Therefore, it is strategically important to be able to precisely characterize an individual's sensitivity to certain illnesses. The discovery of genes linked to cardiovascular illnesses has benefited from linkage analysis and genome-wide association research. The last 20 years have seen significant advancements in the field of molecular genetics, particularly with the development of new tools like genome-wide association studies. In this article we explore the profound impact of genetic variations on disease development, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. And the significance of genetics in cardiovascular risk assessment and the ever-evolving realm of genetic testing, offering insights into the potential for personalized medicine in this domain. Embracing the future of cardiovascular care, the article explores the implications of pharmacogenomics for tailored treatments, the promise of emerging technologies in cardiovascular genetics and therapies, including the transformative influence of nanotechnology. Furthermore, it delves into the exciting frontiers of gene editing, such as CRISPR/Cas9, as a novel approach to combat cardiovascular diseases. And also explore the potential of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine, providing a holistic view of the dynamic landscape of cardiovascular genomics and its transformative potential for the field of cardiovascular medicine.