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Arentz G, Mittal P, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Condina MR, Ricciardelli C, Lokman NA, Kaur G, Oehler MK, Hoffmann P. Label-Free Quantification Mass Spectrometry Identifies Protein Markers of Chemotherapy Response in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072172. [PMID: 37046833 PMCID: PMC10093294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighty percent of ovarian cancer patients initially respond to chemotherapy, but the majority eventually experience a relapse and die from the disease with acquired chemoresistance. In addition, 20% of patients do not respond to treatment at all, as their disease is intrinsically chemotherapy resistant. Data-independent acquisition nano-flow liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (DIA LC-MS) identified the three protein markers: gelsolin (GSN), calmodulin (CALM1), and thioredoxin (TXN), to be elevated in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissues from patients that responded to chemotherapy compared to those who did not; the differential expression of the three protein markers was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the online GENT2 database showed that mRNA levels of GSN, CALM1, and TXN were decreased in HGSOC compared to fallopian tube epithelium. Elevated levels of GSN and TXN mRNA expression correlated with increased overall and progression-free survival, respectively, in a Kaplan-Meier analysis of a large online repository of HGSOC patient data. Importantly, differential expression of the three protein markers was further confirmed when comparing parental OVCAR-5 cells to carboplatin-resistant OVCAR-5 cells using DIA LC-MS analysis. Our findings suggest that GSN, CALM1, and TXN may be useful biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response and understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Arentz
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Parul Mittal
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | | | - Mark R Condina
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Using GPCRs as Molecular Beacons to Target Ovarian Cancer with Nanomedicines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102362. [PMID: 35625966 PMCID: PMC9140059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-year survival rate for women with ovarian cancer is very poor despite radical cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Although most patients initially respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority experience recurrence and ultimately develop chemoresistance, resulting in fatal outcomes. The current administration of cytotoxic compounds is hampered by dose-limiting severe adverse effects. There is an unmet clinical need for targeted drug delivery systems that transport chemotherapeutics selectively to tumor cells while minimizing off-target toxicity. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors, and many are overexpressed in solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the progress in engineered nanoparticle research for drug delivery for ovarian cancer and discusses the potential use of GPCRs as molecular entry points to deliver anti-cancer compounds into ovarian cancer cells. A newly emerging treatment paradigm could be the personalized design of nanomedicines on a case-by-case basis.
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Yang H, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Zhang G, Hou J, Yang J. Circ_MUC16 attenuates the effects of Propofol to promote the aggressive behaviors of ovarian cancer by mediating the miR-1182/S100B signaling pathway. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:297. [PMID: 34837947 PMCID: PMC8626908 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer development, which is shown to be associated with deregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The objective of this study was to explore the role of circular RNA mucin 16 (circ_MUC16) in Propofol-mediated inhibition of ovarian cancer. Methods The expression of circ_MUC16, microRNA-1182 (miR-1182) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of S100B protein was checked by western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by 3-(4, 5-di methyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation assay. Glycolysis metabolism was assessed by glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP level. Cell migration and cell invasion were assessed by transwell assay. Cell migration was also assessed by wound healing assay. Animal study was conducted in nude mice to determine the role of circ_MUC16 in vivo. The relationship between miR-1182 and circ_MUC16 or S100B was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results Propofol inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, glycolysis metabolism, migration and invasion, which were partly recovered by circ_MUC16 overexpression. Circ_MUC16 was downregulated in Propofol-treated ovarian cancer cells. Besides, circ_MUC16 knockdown enhanced the effects of Propofol to further inhibit tumor growth in vivo. MiR-1182 was a target of circ_MUC16, and circ_MUC16 knockdown-inhibited cell proliferation, glycolysis metabolism, migration and invasion were partly restored by miR-1182 inhibition. In addition, S100B was a target of miR-1182, and miR-1182-suppressed cell proliferation, glycolysis metabolism, migration and invasion were partly restored by S100B overexpression. Conclusion Circ_MUC16 overexpression alleviated the effects of Propofol to promote the aggressive behaviors of ovarian cancer by targeting the miR-1182/S100B network. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-021-01517-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunrui Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Yecai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiali Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China.
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Huang X, Dong H, Liu Y, Yu F, Yang S, Chen Z, Li J. Silencing of let-7b-5p inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and stemness characteristics by Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp-box helicase 19A. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7666-7677. [PMID: 34612147 PMCID: PMC8806929 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and recurrence of ovarian cancer are associated with ovarian cancer stem cells. For cancer treatment, gene delivery of microbubbles (MB)-mediated microRNA (miRNA) is considered as a promising approach. In this study, our aim is to investigate the effects of MB-mediated let-7b-5p inhibitor on the proliferation and stemness characteristics of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells. Let-7b-5p inhibitor mediated by MB was prepared (termed MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor), and the effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor and let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cell viability, proliferation and stemness characteristics were investigated. We found that MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor presented a higher transfection efficiency than let-7b-5p inhibitor alone. The inhibitory effect of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells was more significant than let-7b-5p inhibitor. Let-7b-5p targeted DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box helicase 19A (DDX19A), which was downregulated in OVCA cells. The downregulation of DDX19A reversed the inhibitory effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells. To sum up, we found that MB-let-7b-5p suppressed OVCA cell malignant behaviors by targeting DDX19A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Hongxia Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Fen Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Shunshi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Jueying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
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5
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Fan Q, Li L, Wang TL, Emerson RE, Xu Y. A Novel ZIP4-HDAC4-VEGFA Axis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153821. [PMID: 34359722 PMCID: PMC8345154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite tremendous research efforts, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the most difficult cancers to detect early and treat successfully for >5-year survival. We have recently shown that ZIP4, a zinc transporter, is a novel cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and a therapeutic target for EOC. The current work focuses on developing new strategies to target ZIP4 and inhibit its CSC activities in EOC. We found that cells expressing high levels of ZIP4 were supersensitive to a group of inhibitors called HDACis. One of the major targets of these inhibitors is a protein called HDAC4. We revealed the new molecular bases for the ZIP4-HDAC4 axis and tested the efficacies of targeting this axis in the lab and in mouse models. Our study provides a new mechanistic-based targeting strategy for EOC. Abstract We have recently identified ZIP4 as a novel cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). While it converts drug-resistance to cisplatin (CDDP), we unexpectedly found that ZIP4 induced sensitization of HGSOC cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Mechanistically, ZIP4 selectively upregulated HDAC IIa HDACs, with little or no effect on HDACs in other classes. HDAC4 knockdown (KD) and LMK-235 inhibited spheroid formation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo, with hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α) and endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as functional downstream mediators of HDAC4. Moreover, we found that ZIP4, HDAC4, and HIF1α were involved in regulating secreted VEGFA in HGSOC cells. Furthermore, we tested our hypothesis that co-targeting CSC via the ZIP4-HDAC4 axis and non-CSC using CDDP is necessary and highly effective by comparing the effects of ZIP4-knockout/KD, HDAC4-KD, and HDACis, in the presence or absence of CDDP on tumorigenesis in mouse models. Our results showed that the co-targeting strategy was highly effective. Finally, data from human HGSOC tissues showed that ZIP4 and HDAC4 were upregulated in a subset of recurrent tumors, justifying the clinical relevance of the study. In summary, our study provides a new mechanistic-based targeting strategy for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut St. R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Oncology, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Robert E. Emerson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, 350 W. 11th Street, Room 4010, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut St. R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(317)-274-3972
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Cheung J, Lokman NA, Abraham RD, Macpherson AM, Lee E, Grutzner F, Ghinea N, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. Reduced Gonadotrophin Receptor Expression Is Associated with a More Aggressive Ovarian Cancer Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010071. [PMID: 33374698 PMCID: PMC7793521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) play important roles in regulating cell growth and proliferation in the ovary. However, few studies have explored the expression of FSH and LH receptors (FSHR and LHCGR) in ovarian cancer, and their functional roles in cancer progression remain inconclusive. This study investigated the potential impact of both mRNA (FSHR, LHCGR) and protein (FSHR, LHCGR) expression on ovarian cancer progression using publicly available online databases, qRT-PCR (high grade serous ovarian cancers, HGSOC, n = 29 and benign ovarian tumors, n = 17) and immunohistochemistry (HGSOC, n = 144). In addition, we investigated the effect of FSHR and LHCGR siRNA knockdown on the pro-metastatic behavior of serous ovarian cancer cells in vitro. High FSHR or high LHCGR expression in patients with all subtypes of high-grade ovarian cancer was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). High FSHR protein expression was associated with increased PFS (p = 0.050) and OS (p = 0.025). HGSOC patients with both high FSHR and high LHCGR protein levels had the best survival outcome, whilst both low FSHR and low LHCGR expression was associated with poorest survival (p = 0.019). Knockdown of FSHR significantly increased the invasion of serous ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3 and COV362) in vitro. LHCGR knockdown also promoted invasion of COV362 cells. This study highlights that lower FSHR and LHCGR expression is associated with a more aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer phenotype and promotes pro-metastatic behaviour.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Cheung
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Riya D. Abraham
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Anne M. Macpherson
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Eunice Lee
- School of Biological Science, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (E.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Frank Grutzner
- School of Biological Science, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (E.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Nicolae Ghinea
- Curie Institute, Research Center, Translational Research Department, Tumor Angiogenesis Team, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Santangelo G, Caruso G, Palaia I, Tomao F, Perniola G, Di Donato V, Fischetti M, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P. The emerging role of precision medicine in the treatment of ovarian cancer. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1777854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Santangelo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Innocenza Palaia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tomao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perniola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Violante Di Donato
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Fischetti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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8
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Wu J, Cai Q, Wang J, Liao Y. Identifying mutated driver pathways in cancer by integrating multi-omics data. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 80:159-167. [PMID: 30959272 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the driver pathway in cancer plays a crucial role in the formation and progression of cancer, it is very imperative to identify driver pathways, which will offer important information for precision medicine or personalized medicine. In this paper, an improved maximum weight submatrix problem model is proposed by integrating such three kinds of omics data as somatic mutations, copy number variations, and gene expressions. The model tries to adjust coverage and mutual exclusivity with the average weight of genes in a pathway, and simultaneously considers the correlation among genes, so that the pathway having high coverage but moderate mutual exclusivity can be identified. By introducing a kind of short chromosome code and a greedy based recombination operator, a parthenogenetic algorithm PGA-MWS is presented to solve the model. Experimental comparisons among algorithms GA, MOGA, iMCMC and PGA-MWS were performed on biological and simulated data sets. The experimental results show that, compared with the other three algorithms, the PGA-MWS one based on the improved model can identify the gene sets with high coverage but moderate mutual exclusivity and scales well. Many of the identified gene sets are involved in known signaling pathways, most of the implicated genes are oncogenes or tumor suppressors previously reported in literatures. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach may become a useful complementary tool for detecting cancer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Wu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining & Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Qirong Cai
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining & Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yuanxiu Liao
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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9
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Aguilar-Medina M, Avendaño-Félix M, Lizárraga-Verdugo E, Bermúdez M, Romero-Quintana JG, Ramos-Payan R, Ruíz-García E, López-Camarillo C. SOX9 Stem-Cell Factor: Clinical and Functional Relevance in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6754040. [PMID: 31057614 PMCID: PMC6463569 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6754040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic embryonic programs can be reactivated in cancer cells. As result, a specific subset of undifferentiated cells with stem-cells properties emerges and drives tumorigenesis. Recent findings have shown that ectoderm- and endoderm-derived tissues continue expressing stem-cells related transcription factors of the SOX-family of proteins such as SOX2 and SOX9 which have been implicated in the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in tumors. Currently, there is enough evidence suggesting an oncogenic role for SOX9 in different types of human cancers. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge about the involvement of SOX9 in development and progression of cancer. Understanding the functional roles of SOX9 and clinical relevance is crucial for developing novel treatments targeting CSCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mariana Avendaño-Félix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalío Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. CDMX, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
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10
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Li BT, Yu C, Xu Y, Liu SB, Fan HY, Pan WW. TET1 inhibits cell proliferation by inducing RASSF5 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86395-86409. [PMID: 29156803 PMCID: PMC5689693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) catalyze the oxidative reactions of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). However, TET1 roles in ovarian cancer cell growth are unknown. Here, we show that ectopic expression of TET1 increased 5hmC levels, and inhibited proliferation and colony formation in ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo functional studies demonstrated that TET1 overexpression is necessary for the suppression of ovarian cancer growth, whereas depletion of TET1 expression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, the results of RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses identified a tumor suppressor, Ras association domain family member 5 (RASSF5), as the key downstream target of TET1. TET1 promotes RASSF5 expression by demethylating a CpG site within RASSF5 promoter. Up-regulated RASSF5 expression leads to the suppression of ovarian cancer cells growth. Additionally, we demonstrated that inhibition of CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase complex decrease 5hmC levels in ovarian cancer cells. These results provide new insights into the understanding of how ovarian cancers develop and grow, and identify TET1 as a key player in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tai Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 301158, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 301158, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 301158, China
| | - Wei-Wei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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11
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States, and prognosis is generally poor because the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs) and cyclins. Generally, cyclins and CKIs promote and inhibit CDK activation, respectively. Since cancer commonly involves dysregulation of cell cycle, cyclins and CDKs have been targeted in a variety of tumors using small molecules, peptides, immunotherapy, and CKIs. In this review we discuss the significance of cell cycle dysregulation in ovarian cancer as well as recent advances targeting CDKs in ovarian cancer and potential future directions. Although many of the studies assessing CDK-targeting therapies in ovarian cancer are at an early preclinical stage, there is significant evidence that targeting CDKs, particularly in combination with traditional platinum-based drugs, could have significant efficacy in ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, before these agents can be investigated in humans, additional preclinical development is needed, including using in vivo tumor models and additional studies into their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Affiliate Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guizhou , China
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Sapiezynski J, Taratula O, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Minko T. Precision targeted therapy of ovarian cancer. J Control Release 2016; 243:250-268. [PMID: 27746277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The review is aimed at describing modern approaches to detection as well as precision and personalized treatment of ovarian cancer. Modern methods and future directions of nanotechnology-based targeted and personalized therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Sapiezynski
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States.
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Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Fotopoulos G, Tzanninis IG, Kotteas EA. The Emerging Role of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:313-39. [PMID: 27486869 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1206117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present systematic review summarizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms of action, the efficacy, and the adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in ovarian cancer patients. Phase II and III clinical trials were sought in the PubMed database and in the Clinical Trials.gov registry through September 30, 2015. Seventy-five clinical trials regarding TKIs targeting mainly vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and sarcoma tyrosine kinase (Src) were yielded. The most promising results were noted with cediranib, nintedanib, and pazopanib. However, drawing universal conclusions about the potential integration of TKIs in ovarian cancer therapy remains elusive. Furthermore, emerging challenges and directions for the future research are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Fotopoulos
- a Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital , Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Elias A Kotteas
- a Oncology Unit, Sotiria General Hospital , Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
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Winderbaum LJ, Koch I, Gustafsson OJR, Meding S, Hoffmann P. Feature extraction for proteomics imaging mass spectrometry data. Ann Appl Stat 2015. [DOI: 10.1214/15-aoas870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Lesser-Known Molecules in Ovarian Carcinogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:321740. [PMID: 26339605 PMCID: PMC4538335 DOI: 10.1155/2015/321740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the deciphering of the signaling pathways brings about new advances in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis, which is based on the interaction of several molecules with different biochemical structure that, consequently, intervene in cell metabolism, through their role as regulators in proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Given that the ensemble of biomarkers in OC includes more than 50 molecules the interest of the researchers focuses on the possible validation of each one's potential as prognosis markers and/or therapeutic targets. Within this framework, this review presents three protein molecules: ALCAM, c-FLIP, and caveolin, motivated by the perspectives provided through the current limited knowledge on their role in ovarian carcinogenesis and on their potential as prognosis factors. Their structural stability, once altered, triggers the initiation of the sequences characteristic for ovarian carcinogenesis, through their role as modulators for several signaling pathways, contributing to the disruption of cellular junctions, disturbance of pro-/antiapoptotic equilibrium, and alteration of transmission of the signals specific for the molecular pathways. For each molecule, the text is built as follows: (i) general remarks, (ii) structural details, and (iii) particularities in expression, from different tumors to landmarks in ovarian carcinoma.
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Yamaguchi K, Huang Z, Matsumura N, Mandai M, Okamoto T, Baba T, Konishi I, Berchuck A, Murphy SK. Epigenetic determinants of ovarian clear cell carcinoma biology. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:585-97. [PMID: 24382740 PMCID: PMC4522155 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeted approaches have revealed frequent epigenetic alterations in ovarian cancer, but the scope and relation of these changes to histologic subtype of disease is unclear. Genome-wide methylation and expression data for 14 clear cell carcinoma (CCC), 32 non-CCC and four corresponding normal cell lines were generated to determine how methylation profiles differ between cells of different histological derivations of ovarian cancer. Consensus clustering showed that CCC is epigenetically distinct. Inverse relationships between expression and methylation in CCC were identified, suggesting functional regulation by methylation, and included 22 hypomethylated (UM) genes and 276 hypermethylated (HM) genes. Categorical and pathway analyses indicated that the CCC-specific UM genes were involved in response to stress and many contain hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1-binding sites, while the CCC-specific HM genes included members of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) network and genes involved in tumor development. We independently validated the methylation status of 17 of these pathway-specific genes, and confirmed increased expression of HNF1 network genes and repression of ERalpha pathway genes in CCC cell lines and primary cancer tissues relative to non-CCC specimens. Treatment of three CCC cell lines with the demethylating agent Decitabine significantly induced expression for all five genes analyzed. Coordinate changes in pathway expression were confirmed using two primary ovarian cancer datasets (p < 0.0001 for both). Our results suggest that methylation regulates specific pathways and biological functions in CCC, with hypomethylation influencing the characteristic biology of the disease while hypermethylation contributes to the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Medical Center, Durham NC, 27708 USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School
of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Medical Center, Durham NC, 27708 USA
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School
of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School
of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Takako Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Medical Center, Durham NC, 27708 USA
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School
of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School
of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Medical Center, Durham NC, 27708 USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University
Medical Center, Durham NC, 27708 USA
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Overexpression of RFC3 is correlated with ovarian tumor development and poor prognosis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10259-66. [PMID: 25030735 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication factor C3 (RFC3) is an oncogene that can potentially predict prognosis in a variety of human cancers. RFC3 expression in ovarian carcinoma has not yet been determined. In this study, we evaluated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of RFC3 in normal ovarian and ovarian carcinoma tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blots (WB). Results showed that higher RFC3 mRNA and protein levels were detected in ovarian carcinoma tissues by RT-PCR and WB. High RFC3 expression was defined as positive staining in >70 % of each tumor cell. High RFC3 expression was detected in 28.1, 17.6, 11.1, and 5.0 % of invasive carcinomas, borderline tumors, cystadenomas, and in normal ovary cells, respectively. Overexpression of RFC3 was associated with later pN status (p = 0.001), pM status (p = 0.001), and advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (p = 0.012) in ovarian carcinomas. Univariate survival analyses showed that RFC3 overexpression was also associated with shortened patient survival (mean 7.7 months in tumors with RFC3 overexpression vs 92.9 months in tumors with normal RFC3 levels; p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, RFC3 protein levels were a significant prognostic factor for ovarian carcinoma (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings suggest that RFC3 protein is an important and independent biomarker with prognostic implications for patients with ovarian carcinoma.
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Lim SL, Ricciardelli C, Oehler MK, De Arao Tan IMD, Russell D, Grützner F. Overexpression of piRNA pathway genes in epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99687. [PMID: 24932571 PMCID: PMC4059699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway for germ cell maintenance, genome integrity, DNA methylation and retrotransposon control raises possible roles of this pathway in cancer. Indeed aberrant expression of human PIWI orthologs and Maelstrom has been observed in various cancers. In this study we explored the expression and function of piRNA pathway genes in human ovarian cancer, based on our recent work, which showed widespread expression of piRNA pathway genes in the mammalian. Our work shows that PIWIL1 and MAEL expression is significantly increased in malignant EOC (n = 25) compared to benign tumor tissues (n = 19) and normal ovarian tissue (n = 8). The expression of PIWIL3 is lower in malignant and benign tissues when compared to normal ovary. Sequencing of PIWIL1 transcript revealed that in many tumors deletion of exon 17 leads to the introduction of a premature stop codon in the PIWI domain, likely due to a splicing error. In situ hybridization on tumor sections revealed that L1, PIWIL1, 2 and MAEL are specifically expressed in epithelial cells (cancerous cells) of EOC. Furthermore, PIWIL2 and MAEL are co-expressed in the stromal cells adjacent to tumor cells. Since PIWIL1 and MAEL are up regulated in malignant EOC and expressed in the epithelial cells, we investigated if these two genes affect invasiveness of ovarian cancer cell lines that do not normally express these genes. PIWIL1 and MAEL were transiently over expressed in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, followed by real-time measurements of cell invasiveness. Surprisingly both PIWIL1 and MAEL over expression decreased the invasiveness of SKOV3 cells. Our findings support a growing body of evidence that shows that genes in this pathway are upregulated in cancer. In ovarian cancer we show for the first time that Piwil1 transcript may often be abnormal result in non functional product. In contrast to what has been observed in other cell types, we found that PIWIL1 and MAEL have a repressive effect on cell invasiveness.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Argonaute Proteins/genetics
- Argonaute Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovary/metabolism
- Ovary/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ly Lim
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Izza M. D. De Arao Tan
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Darryl Russell
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frank Grützner
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- * E-mail:
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19
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Recent concepts of ovarian carcinogenesis: type I and type II. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:934261. [PMID: 24868556 PMCID: PMC4017729 DOI: 10.1155/2014/934261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I ovarian tumors, where precursor lesions in the ovary have clearly been described, include endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous, low grade serous, and transitional cell carcinomas, while type II tumors, where such lesions have not been described clearly and tumors may develop de novo from the tubal and/or ovarian surface epithelium, comprise high grade serous carcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas. The carcinogenesis of endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma (CCC) arising from endometriotic cysts is significantly influenced by the free iron concentration, which is associated with cancer development through the induction of persistent oxidative stress. A subset of mucinous carcinomas develop in association with ovarian teratomas; however, the majority of these tumors do not harbor any teratomatous component. Other theories of their origin include mucinous metaplasia of surface epithelial inclusions, endometriosis, and Brenner tumors. Low grade serous carcinomas are thought to evolve in a stepwise fashion from benign serous cystadenoma to a serous borderline tumor (SBT). With regard to high grade serous carcinoma, the serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) of the junction of the fallopian tube epithelium with the mesothelium of the tubal serosa, termed the “tubal peritoneal junction” (TPJ), undergo malignant transformation due to their location, and metastasize to the nearby ovary and surrounding pelvic peritoneum. Other theories of their origin include the ovarian hilum cells.
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Schmid BC, Oehler MK. New perspectives in ovarian cancer treatment. Maturitas 2013; 77:128-36. [PMID: 24380827 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is increasingly understood as a heterogeneous disease comprising distinct subtypes of different origin that vary significantly with regard to molecular biology and clinical behaviour. Despite some limited progress in its treatment over the last decade, currently there are few therapeutic options and overall survival remains poor. Increasing knowledge about the molecular biology of ovarian cancer has led to the development of targeted therapies which promise to be more effective and to provide the basis for personalized treatment. The most successful strategies so far are employing anti-angiogenics (VEGF antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and angiopoietin antagonists) and polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Other approaches target aberrant OC signalling such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network, the epidermal growth factor receptor, the WEE1 tyrosine kinase and the folate receptor alpha. Immunotherapy is another promising new approach against ovarian cancer. In this area, immunotherapeutic modulation by administering autologous immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), to stimulate antitumour host responses is of special interest. Finally, there is now growing evidence from clinical studies showing a survival advantage for intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy when compared to conventional intravenous treatment in the adjuvant setting. New strategies such as pressurized IP aerosol chemotherapy might further improve the efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd C Schmid
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia.
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang XS. Identification of mutated core cancer modules by integrating somatic mutation, copy number variation, and gene expression data. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7 Suppl 2:S4. [PMID: 24565034 PMCID: PMC3851989 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-s2-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer is an important step for the effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. With the huge volume of data from the large-scale cancer genomics projects, an open challenge is to distinguish driver mutations, pathways, and gene sets (or core modules) that contribute to cancer formation and progression from random passengers which accumulate in somatic cells but do not contribute to tumorigenesis. Due to mutational heterogeneity, current analyses are often restricted to known pathways and functional modules for enrichment of somatic mutations. Therefore, discovery of new pathways and functional modules is a pressing need. RESULTS In this study, we propose a novel method to identify Mutated Core Modules in Cancer (iMCMC) without any prior information other than cancer genomic data from patients with tumors. This is a network-based approach in which three kinds of data are integrated: somatic mutations, copy number variations (CNVs), and gene expressions. Firstly, the first two datasets are merged to obtain a mutation matrix, based on which a weighted mutation network is constructed where the vertex weight corresponds to gene coverage and the edge weight corresponds to the mutual exclusivity between gene pairs. Similarly, a weighted expression network is generated from the expression matrix where the vertex and edge weights correspond to the influence of a gene mutation on other genes and the Pearson correlation of gene mutation-correlated expressions, respectively. Then an integrative network is obtained by further combining these two networks, and the most coherent subnetworks are identified by using an optimization model. Finally, we obtained the core modules for tumors by filtering with significance and exclusivity tests. We applied iMCMC to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and ovarian carcinoma data, and identified several mutated core modules, some of which are involved in known pathways. Most of the implicated genes are oncogenes or tumor suppressors previously reported to be related to carcinogenesis. As a comparison, we also performed iMCMC on two of the three kinds of data, i.e., the datasets combining somatic mutations with CNVs and secondly the datasets combining somatic mutations with gene expressions. The results indicate that gene expressions or CNVs indeed provide extra useful information to the original data for the identification of core modules in cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the utility of our iMCMC by integrating multiple data sources to identify mutated core modules in cancer. In addition to presenting a generally applicable methodology, our findings provide several candidate pathways or core modules recurrently perturbed in GBM or ovarian carcinoma for further studies.
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Ji F, Wang Y, Qiu L, Li S, Zhu J, Liang Z, Wan Y, Di W. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α-mediated LOX expression correlates with migration and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1578-88. [PMID: 23545606 PMCID: PMC3661201 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of LOX in promoting invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer in a hypoxic environment and its specific signal transduction pathway. Immunohistochemical detection of HIF-1α and LOX protein expression was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin sections of normal ovary, benign ovarian tumors, borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumor paraffin sample, using Mann-Whitney U test for independent comparisons and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for paired comparisons. HIF-1α and LOX were knocked down in epithelial ovarian cancer cells (EOC), and HIF-1α/LOX regulation mechanism and LOX catalytic activity under hypoxia/reoxygenation microenvironment were explored. Cell migration and invasion ability in LOX inhibited HO8910 cells were investigated under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, using matrigel cell invasion and migration assays. We found that HIF-1α and LOX are highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues, and the expression of both proteins is significantly correlated with the tumor grade, tumor diameter and lymph node metastasis. HIF-1α expression is positively correlated with the expression of LOX. Specifically, the expression of LOX and HIF-1α markedly increases under hypoxic conditions and decreases after reoxygenation. siRNA knockdown of LOX or β-aminoproprionitrile (βAPN), an inhibitor of LOX activity, that attenuates LOX activity, downregulates HIF-1α protein expression and inhibits HO8910 migratory and invasive abilities. LOX catalytic activity is significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, EOC cells display a marked increase in LOX-dependent FAK/AKT activation and cell migration following hypoxia/reoxygenation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the hypoxia-HIF-1α, LOX-FAK/AKT pathway regulates the migration and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, thus, promoting metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
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23
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Drummond AE, Fuller PJ. Activin and inhibin, estrogens and NFκB, play roles in ovarian tumourigenesis is there crosstalk? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 359:85-91. [PMID: 21839804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer may be the most frequently lethal gynaecological malignancy but the heterogeneous nature of the disease and the advanced stage at which it is usually diagnosed, have contributed to the paucity of information relating to its aetiology and pathogenesis. Members of the TGF-β superfamily, estrogen and NFκB have all been implicated in the development and progression of cancers from a wide range of tissues. In the ovary, TGF-β superfamily members and estrogen play key roles in maintaining normal function. To date, little is known about the capacity of NFκB to influence normal ovarian function except that it is ubiquitously expressed. In this review we will highlight the roles that inhibin/activin, estrogen and NFκB, have been attributed within carcinogenesis and examine the potential for crosstalk between these pathways in ovarian cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Drummond
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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24
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Pollacco J, Sacco K, Portelli M, Schembri-Wismayer P, Calleja-Agius J. Molecular links between endometriosis and cancer. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:577-81. [PMID: 22309646 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is the leading cause of morbidity among premenopausal women affecting about 1 in 10 females. The features shared by endometriosis and cancer include the ability to evade apoptosis, the stem cell-like ability and angiogenic potential. As such characteristics are encoded by the cell's genetic constitution, acquired mutations are responsible for the malignant transformation of endometriosis. Indeed, a number of tumour-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, such as protein 53 (P53) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) respectively, are mutated and as a result differentially expressed between endometriotic and malignant tissue associated with endometriosis. Moreover, cytokines and macrophages, both of which are inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the transformation process. The angiogenic properties possessed by cancer arising from endometriosis signifies a bad prognosis, while the stem cell-like activity possessed by both endometriosis and cancer has been attributed to the effect of oestrogen. A number of differences between endometriosis and cancer are found at the molecular level. Considering the link between these two pathologies, the three components which fuel the malignant transformation of endometriosis can be embodied in the endometriosis-induced carcinoma (EIC) triangle which shows the intricate relationship between endocrinologic, immunologic and genetic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pollacco
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
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25
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Kajihara H, Yamada Y, Shigetomi H, Higashiura Y, Kobayashi H. The dichotomy in the histogenesis of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: clear cell-type versus endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2012; 31:304-12. [PMID: 22653342 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e318243a97b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The histogenesis of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer is one of the most mysterious aspects of pathology. To better understand the histogenesis of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, we analyzed the possibility of a link of endometrium, ovarian surface epithelium, and a cortical inclusion cyst to ovarian endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer by immunohistochemistry using the epithelial membrane antigen (an epithelial marker), calretinin (a mesothelial marker), and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1β (a clear cell carcinoma-specific transcription factor). During ovarian surface epithelium invagination, cortical inclusion cyst epithelial cells may, in some cases, undergo mesothelial-epithelial transition and subsequently differentiate into endometriosis. This case of endometriosis that has undergone Müllerian metaplasia arises from the HNF-1β-negative cells. The remaining endometriosis may develop from the late secretory and menstrual endometria, with HNF-1β-positive staining, by retrograde menstruation. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma and clear cell carcinoma arise from the HNF-1β-negative and HNF-1β-positive epithelial cells of endometriosis, respectively. It has been proposed that clear cell and endometrioid-type adenocarcinomas arise from distinct types of endometriosis with different cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kajihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Kashihara, Japan
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26
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Maurac I, Sabol M, Musani V, Car D, Ozretic P, Kalafatic D, Oreskovic S, Babic D, Levanat S. A low-grade ovarian carcinoma case with coincident LOH of PTCH1 and BRCA1, and a mutation in BRCA1. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2012; 31:264-71. [PMID: 22498944 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31823b6f0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 53-year-old woman with Grade 1 serous cystadenocarcinoma on her left ovary and metastatic serous adenocarcinoma on her right ovary. Serous carcinoma is the most common type of ovarian cancer, representing approximately half of all cases. Because of positive family history, the patient was referred for BRCA1/2 screening. Germline BRCA1 mutation c.676delT (p.C226VfsX8) was found, and in tumor tissue the normal allele was lost. Tumor tissue also had loss of heterozygosity in the PTCH1 gene, one of the major members of the Hedgehog-Gli (Hh-Gli) pathway. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of the Hh-Gli pathway in both ovaries compared with healthy ovarian tissue. Primary cell culture was developed from the patient's tissue and showed downregulation of gene expression in response to cyclopamine, a Hh-Gli pathway inhibitor. The Hh-Gli signaling pathway may play a role in malignant transformation and metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Maurac
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Vercellini P, Crosignani P, Somigliana E, Viganò P, Buggio L, Bolis G, Fedele L. The 'incessant menstruation' hypothesis: a mechanistic ovarian cancer model with implications for prevention. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2262-73. [PMID: 21724568 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serous, endometrioid, clear cell and mucinous histotypes are the most common epithelial ovarian cancer. Most serous cancers appear to originate from precursor lesions at the fimbriated tubal end, whereas most endometrioid and clear cell cancers seem to derive from atypical endometriosis. Data regarding hormonal factors and associated gynaecologic conditions were critically analysed with the objective of defining a carcinogenic model for sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer complying with epidemiologic and pathologic findings. Oral contraceptives and tubal ligation substantially reduce the risk of serous, endometrioid and clear cell subgroups, but have no significant effect on mucinous tumours, which probably follow a different oncogenic pathway. We hypothesize that serous, endometrioid and clear cell cancers share a common pathogenic mechanism, i.e. iron-induced oxidative stress derived from retrograde menstruation. Fimbriae floating in bloody peritoneal fluid are exposed to the action of catalytic iron and to the genotoxic effect of reactive oxygen species, generated from haemolysis of erythrocytes by pelvic macrophages. This would explain the distal site of tubal intraepithelial neoplasia. Collection of blood inside endometriomas would lead to the same type of genotoxic insult on gonadal endometrial implants. This would explain why endometriosis-associated cancers develop much more frequently in the ovary than at extragonadal sites. In women not seeking conception, bilateral salpingectomy could be advised whenever planning surgery for independent indications, thus possibly reducing cancer risk, while preserving ovarian function. The use of oral contraceptives should be favoured for prolonged periods of time, especially in women with endometriosis, a population at doubled risk of gonadal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vercellini
- Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Istituto Luigi Mangiagalli, Università Statale di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS 'Ca' Granda'-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda, 12, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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Bayani J, Marrano P, Graham C, Zheng Y, Li L, Katsaros D, Lassus H, Butzow R, Squire JA, Diamandis EP. Genomic instability and copy-number heterogeneity of chromosome 19q, including the kallikrein locus, in ovarian carcinomas. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:48-60. [PMID: 20800559 PMCID: PMC3110681 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tissue kallikrein (KLK) genes and proteins are candidate diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for ovarian cancer (OCa). We previously demonstrated that the KLK locus (19q13.3/4) is subject to copy-number gains and structural rearrangements in a pilot study of cell lines and ovarian cancer primary tissues, shown to overexpress KLK gene family members. To determine the overall frequency of genomic instability and copy-number changes, a retrospective study was conducted using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. Eighty-one chemotherapy naïve serous OCas were examined using 3-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify structural and numerical changes on 19q, including the KLK locus; in addition to immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KLK6, which has been shown to be overexpressed in OCa. The KLK locus was subject to copy-number changes in ∼83% of cases: net gain in 51%, net loss in 30% and amplified in 2%; and found to be chromosomally unstable (p < 0.001). All cases showed a wide range of immuoreactivity for KLK6 by IHC. Although no strong correlation could be found with copy-number, the latter was contributing factor to the observed KLK6 protein overexpression. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed an association between the net loss of the KLK locus and longer disease-free survival. Interestingly, FISH analyses indicated that chromosome 19q was subjected to structural rearrangement in 62% of cases and was significantly correlated to tumor grade (p < 0.001). We conclude that numerical and structural aberrations of chromosome 19q, affect genes including the KLK gene members, may contribute to ovarian carcinoma progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bayani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, 6th Floor, Room 6-201, Box 32, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Paula Marrano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Cassandra Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinfomatics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinfomatics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turin, via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Research Laboratory, Haartmaninkatu 8 FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Research Laboratory, Haartmaninkatu 8 FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeremy A. Squire
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Translational Laboratory Research, NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Room 201e, 88 Stuart St Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, 6th Floor, Room 6-201, Box 32, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2010; 22:87-93. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e328335462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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