1
|
Couser GP, Hagen PT, Swift MD, Newcomb RD, Cowl CT. Physician Health Series Part One: Characteristics of Physicians as Patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:836-843. [PMID: 38702130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This is the first article of a 3-part series about physician health. In this installment, we outline the unique characteristics of physicians as patients, challenges and opportunities presented by physician-patients, and recommendations for treating physicians. Future articles will delve into role clarity, occupational considerations, mental health, and interactions with third parties such as the physician's employer or licensing board. Ultimately, this series will help treating clinicians provide the best care to their physician-patients and successfully navigate the unique challenges that may arise, especially when the diagnosis may have an impact on their ability to practice medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg P Couser
- Mayo Clinic Physician Health Center, Public Health, Infectious Disease, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Philip T Hagen
- Mayo Clinic Physician Health Center, Public Health, Infectious Disease, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Melanie D Swift
- Mayo Clinic Physician Health Center, Public Health, Infectious Disease, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Richard D Newcomb
- Mayo Clinic Physician Health Center, Public Health, Infectious Disease, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Clayton T Cowl
- Mayo Clinic Physician Health Center, Public Health, Infectious Disease, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palamara K, Shanafelt TD. Physician Coaching: Establishing Standards and Core Competencies. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:693-696. [PMID: 38702121 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Palamara
- Center for Physician Well-being, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jefferson FA, Fadel A, Findlay BL, Robinson MO, Seyer AK, Koo K, Granberg CF, Boorjian SA, Anderson KT. The prevalence of impostor phenomenon and its association with burnout amongst urologists. BJU Int 2024; 133:579-586. [PMID: 38378021 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the prevalence of impostor phenomenon (IP; tendency for high-achieving individuals to perceive themselves as fraudulent in their successes) amongst attending staff in urology, to identify variables that predict more severe impostorism, and to study the association of IP with burnout. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A survey composed of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), demographic information, practice details, and burnout levels was e-mailed to urologists via urological subspecialty societies. Survey results were analysed to identify associations between IP severity, survey respondent characteristics, and symptoms of professional burnout. This study was conducted in the United States of America. RESULTS A total of 614 survey responses were received (response rate 11.0%). In all, 40% (n = 213) of responders reported CIPS scores qualifying as either 'frequent' or 'intense' impostorism (i.e., scores of 61-100). On multivariable analysis, female gender, fewer years in practice (i.e., 0-2 years), and lower academic rank were all independently associated with higher CIPS scores (adjusted P < 0.05). Regarding burnout, 46% of responders reported burnout symptoms. On multivariable analysis, increase in CIPS score was independently associated with higher odds of burnout (odds ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.07; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Impostor phenomenon is prevalent in the urological community and is experienced more severely in younger and female urologists. IP is also independently associated with burnout. Increased female representation may improve IP amongst our female colleagues. More work is needed to determine strategies that are effective in mitigating feelings of IP and professional burnout amongst urologists, particularly those earlier in their careers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Fadel
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Amanda K Seyer
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin Koo
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sergesketter AR, Butler PD, Gosman AA, Leis A, Baynosa RC, Momeni A, Greives MR, Sears ED, Park JE, Butterworth JA, Janis JE, Rezak K, Patel A. Defining the Incidence of the Impostor Phenomenon in Academic Plastic Surgery: A Multi-Institutional Survey Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:1022e-1031e. [PMID: 37307036 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impostor phenomenon occurs when high-achieving individuals have persistent self-doubt despite objective measures of competence and success, and has been associated with professional burnout and attenuated career advancement in medical specialties. This study aimed to define the incidence and severity of the impostor phenomenon in academic plastic surgery. METHODS A cross-sectional survey containing the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (range, 0 to 100; higher scores indicate greater severity of impostor phenomenon) was distributed to residents and faculty from 12 academic plastic surgery institutions across the United States. Generalized linear regression was used to assess demographic and academic predictors of impostor scores. RESULTS From a total of 136 resident and faculty respondents (response rate, 37.5%), the mean impostor score was 64 (SD 14), indicating frequent impostor phenomenon characteristics. On univariate analysis, mean impostor scores varied by gender (67.3 for women versus 62.0 for men; P = 0.03) and academic position (66.5 for residents versus 61.6 for attendings; P = 0.03), but did not vary by race or ethnicity; postgraduate year of training among residents; or academic rank, years in practice, or fellowship training among faculty (all P > 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, female gender was the only factor associated with higher impostor scores among plastic surgery residents and faculty (estimate 2.3; 95% CI, 0.03 to 4.6; P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of the impostor phenomenon may be high among residents and faculty in academic plastic surgery. Impostor characteristics appear to be tied more to intrinsic characteristics, including gender, rather than years in residency or practice. Further research is needed to understand the influence of impostor characteristics on career advancement in plastic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paris D Butler
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Amanda A Gosman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
| | - Amber Leis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Richard C Baynosa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine
| | - Arash Momeni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Matthew R Greives
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Erika D Sears
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School and Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research
| | - Julie E Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | | | - Jeffrey E Janis
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center
| | - Kristen Rezak
- From the Division of Plastic, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Duke University
| | - Ashit Patel
- From the Division of Plastic, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Duke University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iserson KV. From magical thinking to suicide: Understanding emergency physicians' psychological struggle. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 78:37-41. [PMID: 38183885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent literature has explored the psychological well-being of physicians, addressing conditions like perfectionism, imposter phenomenon/syndrome (IP), depression, burnout, and, less frequently, magical thinking. But recognizing the connections among these psychological factors is vital for developing targeted interventions to prevent or alleviate their impact. This article examines the often-sequential emergence of these five conditions within a physician's career, with a specific emphasis on their prevalence among emergency physicians (EPs), who must manage a diverse array of acute illnesses and injuries. The descent into psychological distress initiates with magical thinking-in this case, the belief that perfection is possible despite evidence to the contrary-leading to the pursuit of maladaptive perfectionism. If unaddressed, this trajectory may lead to depression, burnout, and in some cases, suicide. Understanding this continuum lays the groundwork for devising a systematic approach to enhance physicians' mental health. The article delves into detailed descriptions of these psychological conditions, encompassing their prevalence, individual impact, how they are integrated into this continuum and potential preventive or corrective methods. Recognizing unrealistic expectations as a major contributor to burnout, depression, and even suicide within the medical profession, the article advocates for the development of targeted interventions and support structures to assist medical students and professionals in managing IP. Practical strategies involve acknowledging unrealistic expectations, setting attainable goals, seeking support, taking breaks, and prioritizing self-care. Addressing this pervasive issue aims to cultivate a culture where medical professionals can thrive, ensuring optimal care for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth V Iserson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dodelzon K, Milch HS, Mullen LA, Dialani V, Jacobs S, Parikh JR, Grimm LJ. Factors Contributing to Disproportionate Burnout in Women Breast Imaging Radiologists: A Review. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2024; 6:124-132. [PMID: 38330442 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Physician burnout continues to increase in prevalence and disproportionately affects women physicians. Breast imaging is a woman-dominated subspeciality, and therefore, worsening burnout among women physicians may have significant repercussions on the future of the breast imaging profession. Systemic and organizational factors have been shown to be the greatest contributors to burnout beyond individual factors. Based on the Mayo Model, we review the evidence regarding the 7 major organizational contributors to physician burnout and their potential disproportionate impacts on women breast radiologists. The major organizational factors discussed are work-life integration, control and flexibility, workload and job demands, efficiency and resources, finding meaning in work, social support and community at work, and organizational culture and values. We also propose potential strategies for institutions and practices to mitigate burnout in women breast imaging radiologists. Many of these strategies could also benefit men breast imaging radiologists, who are at risk for burnout as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Dodelzon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah S Milch
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Mullen
- Division of Breast Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vandana Dialani
- Division of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Lahey Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Jacobs
- New Ulm Medical Center Radiology, Allina Health, New Ulm, MN, USA
| | - Jay R Parikh
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jagelaviciute G, Bouwsema M, Walker M, Steer M, Dagnone D, Brennan E. "I am the doctor": gender-based bias within the clinical practice of emergency medicine in Canada-a thematic analysis of physician and trainee interview data. CAN J EMERG MED 2024; 26:249-258. [PMID: 38519829 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-024-00672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While women comprise about half of current Canadian medical students and physicians, only 31% of emergency medicine physicians identify as women and women trainees are less likely to express interest in emergency medicine compared to men. Gender-based bias continues to negatively impact the career choice, progress, and well-being of women physicians/trainees. Although instances of gender-based bias are well documented within other medical specialties, there remains a gap in the literature addressing the role of gender specific to the Canadian emergency medicine clinical environment. METHODS Using a qualitative study with a thematic analytical approach, participants were purposively and snowball sampled from a cross-section of centers across Canada and included emergency medicine attending physicians and trainees. A thematic analysis using an inductive and deductive approach was undertaken. All data were double coded to improve study trustworthiness. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population. RESULTS Thirty-four individuals (17 woman-identifying and 17 man-identifying) from 10 different institutions across 4 provinces in Canada participated in the study. Six themes were identified: (1) women experience gender bias in the form of microaggressions; (2) women experience imposter syndrome and question their role in the clinical setting; (3) more women provide patient care to women patients and vulnerable populations; (4) gender-related challenges with family planning and home responsibilities affect work-life balance; (5) allyship and sponsorship are important for the support and development of women physicians and trainees; and (6) women value discussing shared experiences with other women to debrief situations, find mentorship, and share advice. CONCLUSIONS Gender inequity in emergency medicine affects women-identifying providers at all levels of training across Canada. Described experiences support several avenues to implement change against perceived gender bias that is focused on education, policy, and supportive spaces. We encourage institutions to consider these recommendations to achieve gender-equitable conditions in emergency medicine across Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Jagelaviciute
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Melissa Bouwsema
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Walker
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Steer
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Damon Dagnone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Brennan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Williams-Brown MY, Summey RM, Newtson A, Burke W, Turner T, Sabu P, Davidson BA, Glaser G. System-level recommendations for improved wellness for gynecologic oncologists: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 183:85-92. [PMID: 38554478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Burnout and its negative sequelae are a persistent problem in gynecologic oncology, threatening the health of our physician workforce. Individual-level interventions such as stress management training, physical activity, and sleep hygiene only partially address this widespread, systemic crisis rooted in the extended work hours and stressful situations associated with gynecologic oncology practice. There is an urgent need for systematic, institution-level changes to allow gynecologic oncologists to continue the crucial work of caring for people with gynecologic cancer. We present recommendations for institution-level changes which are grounded in the framework presented by the National Plan for Health Workforce Well-Being by the National Academy of Medicine. These are aimed at facilitating gynecologic oncologists' well-being and reduction of burnout. Recommendations include efforts to create a more positive and inclusive work environment, decrease administrative barriers, promote mental health, optimize electronic medical record use, and support a diverse workforce. Implementation and regular evaluation of these interventions, with specific attention to at-risk groups, is an important next step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Y Williams-Brown
- Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America.
| | - R M Summey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - A Newtson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - W Burke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - T Turner
- St. Luke's Cancer Institute, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - P Sabu
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - B A Davidson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - G Glaser
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deek AJ, Deek RA, Clegg DJ, Blackburn C, Holley T, Gotcher JE. To what extent do oral and maxillofacial surgery residents suffer from imposter syndrome? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024:S2212-4403(24)00086-5. [PMID: 38692959 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the frequency and severity of imposter syndrome (IS) in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents and identify factors associated with higher Clance Imposter Phenomenon Survey (CIPS) scores. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed with a survey including CIPS, demographic, and training program structure questions distributed to all OMS training programs and residents in the United States. The primary predictor variable was gender, and the main outcome variable was the CIPS score. Statistical analyses were performed using linear regression in R v4.3.1; statistical significance was set to P value < .05. RESULTS A total of 175 OMS residents responded. The average CIPS score was 59.8 (IQR 52, 70). Statistically significant differences were found between average male and female resident scores (56.5 vs 66.9; P < .001) and male and female single-degree residents (54.3 vs 73.1; P < .001), but not for dual-degree residents (58.8 vs 63.9; P = .35). CONCLUSIONS The average male resident experiences moderate IS, whereas the average female resident experiences frequent IS. Loss of significance between male and female dual-degree resident scores may be due to the completion of a doctoral degree, an internship, and/or dental board exams upon entering medical school, leading to more favorable accomplishment comparisons among medical school peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Deek
- Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Fellow, Department of Plastic & Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Deek
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Devin J Clegg
- Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Caleb Blackburn
- Resident, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tyler Holley
- Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgeon, Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jack E Gotcher
- Program Director, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anderson AR, LaPenna J, Willis D, Simpson K, Chang AH. Imposter phenomenon in physical therapists: A cross-sectional observational study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1953. [PMID: 38440262 PMCID: PMC10910609 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Imposter phenomenon (IP), or perceived fraudulence, describes an ongoing fear of exposure as a fraud or imposter, despite objective successes and accomplishments. Although there is a growing interest of IP in medicine, IP in the physical therapy profession has been minimally examined. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of IP among licensed physical therapists in the United States. Methods This cross-sectional observational study utilized an online survey to assess levels of IP using the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale. We assessed degrees of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction and collected professional and demographic information. A multivariable logistic regression model examined factors associated with IP presence. Results The mean IP score was 60.3 (SD: 15.1, range: 19-95). Fifty-five respondents (10.7%) had low IP, 196 (38.1%) moderate, 215 (41.8%) frequent, and 48 (9.3%) intense IP. The prevalence of IP, defined as frequent or intense IP, was 51.2%. Having manager/supervisor experience (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34-0.90) was associated with a reduced odds of IP presence. Holding a bachelor's or master's degree (vs. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT); OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.07-5.00), a history of or current mental health diagnosis (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.69-4.54), and emotional exhaustion (moderate vs. low: OR = 5.37, 95% CI = 2.11-13.69; high vs. low: OR = 14.13, 95% CI = 5.56-35.89) were each associated with an increased odds of IP presence. Conclusions IP is highly prevalent among licensed physical therapists. Seasoned clinicians with managerial roles seemed to be less susceptible to IP, whereas those with mental health diagnoses, emotional exhaustion, and those without a DPT degree may be more susceptible. Given its high prevalence and potential negative impact on burnout and career advancement, it is crucial to increase IP awareness and provide education on management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Anderson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jamie LaPenna
- Department of Physical TherapyLoyola University Medical CenterBurr RidgeIllinoisUSA
| | - Dustin Willis
- Department of Physical Therapy, West Coast UniversityCenter for Graduate StudiesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Alison H. Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Farha N, Tizzano A, Burke CA. Building a More Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Culture: Overcoming Impostor Phenomenon and Microaggressions in Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:233-238. [PMID: 37721319 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Farha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony Tizzano
- Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carol A Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gisselbaek M, Hontoir S, Pesonen AE, Seidel L, Geniets B, Steen E, Barreto Chang OL, Saxena S. Impostor syndrome in anaesthesiology primarily affects female and junior physicians ☆. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:407-409. [PMID: 37884406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Gisselbaek
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Hontoir
- Department of Anaesthesiology UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence Seidel
- B-STAT, Biostatistics and Research Method Center of ULiège and CHU of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Evi Steen
- Department of Anaesthesiology-Critical Care, Az Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Odmara L Barreto Chang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Saxena
- Department of Anaesthesiology-Critical Care, Az Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pedram K, Marcelo C, Paletta-Hobbs L, Meadors E, Dow A. Twelve tips for creating and sustaining a peer assessment program of clinical faculty. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:183-187. [PMID: 37656833 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2252602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
While feedback is essential for learning in the health professions, clinical teachers rarely get feedback on their teaching, and the existing feedback is often non-specific and distant from teaching encounters. To enhance clinical teaching, we created a peer assessment program for clinical faculty. This program has been well-received and sustained for five years despite the challenges of faculty turnover and the pandemic. In this article, we identify twelve tips for creating and sustaining a peer assessment program for clinical faculty based on this experience. These tips focus on how to create a culture that supports peer assessment, on how best to implement a peer assessment program in practical terms, and on how to sustain a peer assessment program long-term. We hope these tips help educators receive better feedback about their clinical teaching and improve the future care delivered by our learners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Pedram
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carolyn Marcelo
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Laura Paletta-Hobbs
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Evan Meadors
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alan Dow
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farha N, Bhama A, Tizzano A, Asfaw S, Kim MK, Burke CA. Impostor Phenomenon and Microaggressions in Gastroenterology: Exposing the Tip of the Iceberg. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:11-15.e1. [PMID: 38128970 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Farha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anuradha Bhama
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anthony Tizzano
- Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sofya Asfaw
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michelle Kang Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol A Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Farha N, Bhama A, Tizzano A, Asfaw S, Kim MK, Burke CA. Impostor Phenomenon and Microaggressions in Gastroenterology: Exposing the Tip of the Iceberg. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:3-8.e1. [PMID: 38135356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Farha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anuradha Bhama
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anthony Tizzano
- Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sofya Asfaw
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michelle Kang Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol A Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trockel MT, West CP, Dyrbye LN, Sinsky CA, Tutty M, Wang H, Carlasare LE, Menon NK, Shanafelt TD. Assessment of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adverse Professional Experiences, Depression, and Burnout in US Physicians. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:1785-1796. [PMID: 38043996 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse occupational experiences (AOEs) with depression and burnout in US physicians. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data from a representative sample survey of US physicians conducted between November 20, 2020, and March 23, 2021, and from a probability-based sample of other US workers. The ACEs, AOEs, burnout, and depression were assessed using previously published measures. RESULTS Analyses included data from 1125 of the 3671 physicians (30.6%) who received a mailed survey and 6235 of 90,000 physicians (6.9%) who received an electronic survey. The proportion of physicians age 29-65 who had lived with a family member with substance misuse during childhood (673 of 5039[13.4%]) was marginally lower (P <.001) than that of workers in other professions (448 of 2505 [17.9%]). The proportion of physicians age 29-65 who experienced childhood emotional abuse (823 of 5038 [16.3%]) was similar to that of workers in other professions (406 of 2508 [16.2%]). The average physician depression T-score was 49.60 (raw score ± SD, 6.48±3.15), similar to the normed US average. The AOEs were associated with mild to severe depression, including making a recent significant medical error (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.02, P<.001), being named in a malpractice suit (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.59, P=.008), and experiencing one or more coronavirus disease 2019-related AOEs (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.99, P<.001). Having one or more ACEs was associated with mild to severe depression (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.79, P<.001). The ACEs, coronavirus disease 2019-related AOEs, and medical errors were also associated with burnout. CONCLUSION Assessing ACEs and AOEs and implementing selective primary prevention interventions may improve population health efforts to mitigate depression and burnout in physicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickey T Trockel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - Colin P West
- Department of Medicine and Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Liselotte N Dyrbye
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, IL
| | - Christine A Sinsky
- Professional Satisfaction and Practice Sustainability, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Tutty
- Professional Satisfaction and Practice Sustainability, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL
| | - Hanhan Wang
- WellMD & WellPhD Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lindsey E Carlasare
- Health Care Research and Policy Analysis, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL
| | - Nikitha K Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huffman BM, Sawatsky AP. Supportive learning environments, impression management and 'strategic imposterism': A word of caution. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 57:1170-1172. [PMID: 37709663 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Learning environments are critical to individual growth and expression. While high stakes environments can drive self‐doubt and imposterism, the authors warn that overly comfortable environments may encourage ‘strategic imposterism.’
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Huffman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam P Sawatsky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iwai Y, Yu AYL, Thomas SM, Fayanju OA, Sudan R, Bynum DL, Fayanju OM. Leadership and Impostor Syndrome in Surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 237:585-595. [PMID: 37350479 PMCID: PMC10846669 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impostor syndrome is an internalized sense of incompetence and not belonging. We examined associations between impostor syndrome and holding leadership positions in medicine. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was distributed to US physicians from June 2021 to December 2021 through medical schools and professional organizations. Differences were tested with the chi-square test and t -test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with holding leadership positions and experiencing impostor syndrome. RESULTS A total of 2,183 attending and retired physicians were included in the analytic cohort; 1,471 (67.4%) were in leadership roles and 712 (32.6%) were not. After adjustment, male physicians were more likely than women to hold leadership positions (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.69; p < 0.001). Non-US citizens (permanent resident or visa holder) were less likely to hold leadership positions than US citizens (odds ratio 0.3; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.55; p < 0.001). Having a leadership position was associated with lower odds of impostor syndrome (odds ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.68; p < 0.001). Female surgeons were more likely to report impostor syndrome compared to male surgeons (90.0% vs 67.7%; p < 0.001), an association that persisted even when female surgeons held leadership roles. Similar trends were appreciated for female and male nonsurgeons. Impostor syndrome rates did not differ by race and ethnicity, including among those underrepresented in medicine, even after adjustment for gender and leadership role. CONCLUSIONS Female physicians were more likely to experience impostor syndrome than men, regardless of specialty or leadership role. Although several identity-based gaps persist in leadership, impostor syndrome among racially minoritized groups may not be a significant contributor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Iwai
- From the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC (Iwai)
| | - Alice Yunzi L Yu
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (Yu)
| | - Samantha M Thomas
- Duke Cancer Institute (Thomas), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (Thomas), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Oluseyi A Fayanju
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (QA Fayanju)
| | - Ranjan Sudan
- Surgery (Sudan), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Debra L Bynum
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC (Bynum)
| | - Oluwadamilola M Fayanju
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine (OM Fayanju), The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation (PC3I) (OM Fayanju), The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (LDI) (OM Fayanju), The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Rena Rowan Breast Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (OM Fayanju)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rátiva Hernández NK, Carrero-Barragán TY, Ardila AF, Rodríguez-Salazar JD, Lozada-Martinez ID, Velez-Jaramillo E, Ortega Delgado DA, Fiorillo Moreno O, Navarro Quiroz E. Factors associated with suicide in physicians: a silent stigma and public health problem that has not been studied in depth. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1222972. [PMID: 37645639 PMCID: PMC10461439 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1222972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a complex and multifaceted public health issue that affects individuals from all walks of life, including healthcare professionals such as physicians. According to research, physicians have a higher risk of suicide compared to the general population, with an estimated suicide rate that is two to three times greater than that of the general population. Suicide in physicians can have devastating consequences, not only for the individual but also for their patients and colleagues. The factors contributing to suicide in physicians are numerous and often interrelated. Physicians are exposed to numerous stressors in their daily lives, including long work hours, high workload, burnout, and exposure to traumatic events. These stressors can lead to mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, which in turn can increase the risk of suicide. In addition to work-related stressors, personal factors such as relationship problems, financial stress, and a history of mental health problems can also contribute to suicide risk in physicians. Stigma and shame around seeking help for mental health issues may also prevent physicians from seeking treatment, exacerbating the problem. Understanding the complex factors that contribute to suicide in physicians is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. For this reason, it is necessary to know the behavior of this phenomenon and the factors associated with a higher risk of suicide in this population. However, taking into account that different regions of the world vary in socioeconomic, cultural, professional, occupational, and health attributes, it is to be expected that the behavior of these risk factors will also be heterogeneous. At present, it is presumed that there is a significant gap in the evidence, due to a predominance of evidence on this topic from high-income countries. Considering the importance of having a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for suicide in the medical population and possible strategies to mitigate this condition, the aim of this review is to analyze the most recent evidence on these factors, and to assess the quality of the evidence and gaps that need to be studied further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ivan David Lozada-Martinez
- Epidemiology Program, Department of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Joseph B, Tseng ES, Zielinski MD, Ramirez CL, Lynde J, Galey KM, Bhogadi SK, El-Qawaqzeh K, Hosseinpour H. Feeling like an imposter: are surgeons holding themselves back? Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2023; 8:e001021. [PMID: 37575613 PMCID: PMC10414117 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2022-001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Imposter syndrome is a psychological phenomenon where people doubt their achievements and have a persistent internalized fear of being exposed as a fraud, even when there is little evidence to support these thought processes. It typically occurs among high performers who are unable to internalize and accept their success. This phenomenon is not recognized as an official mental health diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; however, mental health professionals recognize it as a form of intellectual self-doubt. It has been reported that imposter syndrome is predominant in the high-stakes and evaluative culture of medicine, where healthcare workers are frequently agonized by feelings of worthlessness and incompetence. Imposter syndrome can lead to a variety of negative effects. These can include difficulty concentrating, decreased confidence, burnout, anxiety, stress, depression, and feelings of inadequacy. This article will discuss the prevalence of imposter syndrome among surgeons, its associated contributing factors, the effects it can have, and potential strategies for managing it. The recommended strategies to address imposter syndrome are based on the authors' opinions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bellal Joseph
- Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Esther S Tseng
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns, and Emergency General Surgery, Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin D Zielinski
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christine L Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, St Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Lynde
- Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sanft T, Winer E. Rekindling Joy in Medicine Through Thoughtful Communication: A Practical Guide. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e100034. [PMID: 37267275 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Joy in medicine, or the loss of it, is a popular topic of conversation, even more so since the pandemic. Burnout in oncology is common and diminishes the satisfaction of practicing medicine. One of the challenges clinicians face is the way in which modern clinical practice takes us away from what we find most meaningful in our work: time with patients. Strategies like being kind, expressing gratitude, and using effective communication skills can establish more connection with our colleagues and our patients, and, in turn, result in a more joyful work environment. Creating space for more moments of feeling deep interconnectedness with patients and colleagues can rekindle feelings of joy in oncology practice. This article reviews the concepts of joy in medicine, the term sacred moments, and outlines practical strategies and communication skills that are effective in enhancing the patient-provider relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sanft
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Eric Winer
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shanafelt TD, Larson D, Bohman B, Roberts R, Trockel M, Weinlander E, Springer J, Wang H, Stolz S, Murphy D. Organization-Wide Approaches to Foster Effective Unit-Level Efforts to Improve Clinician Well-Being. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:163-180. [PMID: 36603944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Health care delivery organizations are positioned to have a tremendous impact on addressing the variables in the practice environment that contribute to occupational distress and that, when optimized, can promote clinician well-being. Many organizations are committed to this work and have clarity on how to address general, system-wide issues and provide resources for individual clinicians. While such top of the organization elements are essential for success, many of the specific improvement efforts that are necessary must address local challenges at the work unit level (department, division, hospital ward, clinic). Uncertainty of how to address variability and the unique needs of different work units is a barrier to effective action for many health care delivery systems. Overcoming this challenge requires organizations to recognize that unit-specific improvement efforts require a system-level approach. In this manuscript, we outline 7 steps for organizations to consider as they establish the infrastructure to improve professional well-being and provide a description of application and evidence of efficacy from a large academic medical center. Such unit-level efforts to address the unique needs of each specialty and occupation at the work unit level have the ability to address many of the day-to-day issues that drive clinician well-being. An enterprise approach is necessary to systematically advance such unit-level action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tait D Shanafelt
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| | - David Larson
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Bryan Bohman
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Rachel Roberts
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mickey Trockel
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eva Weinlander
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jill Springer
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sherilyn Stolz
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Daniel Murphy
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Penick E, Beltran T, Foglia L. Survey Highlighting Impostor Phenomenon (SHIP): Evaluating the Prevalence of Impostor Phenomenon Among Physicians in a Military Treatment Facility. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2023; 10:23821205231203827. [PMID: 37822781 PMCID: PMC10563454 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231203827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impostor Phenomenon (IP) describes feelings of distrust in one's own capabilities or accomplishments. This experience exists across many professional settings, affecting men and women across diverse backgrounds. IP has not been studied within a military health system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of IP among physicians at a military hospital. METHODS An online survey was constructed incorporating the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and demographic data. All physicians at the institution received the survey link via email and the survey remained open for 1 month for completion. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify significant differences among groups as well as characteristics associated with IP. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the CIPS. RESULTS The response rate was 25% (94/376). Forty-one respondents (44.1%) had CIPS scores ranging between 41 and 60, classifying the respondent as having moderate IP experiences. Differences in scores were noted for age and years of experience (both P < .01). No differences were noted based on gender, self-reported race/ethnicity, or surgical versus nonsurgical specialty. Active-duty respondents had a mean IP score of 62 (SD = 16) and civilian respondents had a mean IP score of 49 (SD = 12, P < .01). CONCLUSION With nearly half (46.3%) of respondents reporting frequent or intense IP experiences, this study underscores the pervasiveness of the issue and indicates concordance with previously published data. IP is not limited to certain subgroups or gender identity but rather is a common issue which may negatively affect a physician's well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Penick
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Beltran
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Foglia
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Beckman TJ. The Imposter Syndrome in Physicians. Mayo Clin Proc 2022; 97:1964-1965. [PMID: 36333010 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Beckman
- Professor of Medicine and Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|