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Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common neuropathy in the world, mainly manifested as bilateral symmetry numbness, pain or paresthesia, with a high rate of disability and mortality. Schwann cells (SCs), derived from neural ridge cells, are the largest number of glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, and play an important role in DPN. Studies have found that SCs are closely related to the pathogenesis of DPN, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, impaired neurotrophic support and dyslipidemia. This article reviews the mechanism of SCs in DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- * Correspondence: Jingjing Li, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150000, China (e-mail: )
| | - Ruiqian Guan
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Limin Pan
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Rossi R, Talarico M, Pascale A, Pascale V, Minici R, Boriani G. Low Levels of Vitamin D and Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Correlations and Prognostic Significance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2572. [PMID: 36359415 PMCID: PMC9689411 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has a pathogenetic and prognostic role in coronary artery disease and a key role in pain transmission. Diabetic patients have a higher risk of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) due to diabetic neuropathy. We evaluated the correlation between SMI and Vitamin D serum levels in type 2 diabetic patients and assessed whether SMI patients had a worse survival rate than their symptomatic counterpart. We enrolled 253 patients admitted in our Cardiology Unit and compared them with 50 healthy volunteers. We created three sub-groups: symptomatic MI group (125, 32.4%); SMI group (78, 25.7%), and no-MI group (50, 41.9%). 25(OH)D levels (nmol/L) were lower in the SMI group (34.9 ± 5.8) compared to those in the symptomatic MI (49.6 ± 6.1; p = 0.01), no MI (53.1 ± 6.2; p = 0.001), and control groups (62.1 ± 6.7; p = 0.0001). 25(OH)D levels predicted SMI in diabetic patients, with an inverted odds ratio of 1.11 (p = 0.01). Symptomatic MI group survival was higher than the SMI one (6-year survival rate: 83 vs. 69%; p = 0.01). Diabetic patients with SMI had a higher mortality risk and showed lower 25(OH)D levels than the symptomatic group. This suggests the crucial role that vitamin D has in the pathogenesis of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Rossi
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Policlinico di Modena Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, MO, Italy
| | - Marisa Talarico
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Via Pio X 83, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pascale
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Via Pio X 83, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pascale
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Via Pio X 83, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Roberto Minici
- Radiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Via Pio X 83, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Policlinico di Modena Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, MO, Italy
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Zhang WX, Lin ZQ, Sun AL, Shi YY, Hong QX, Zhao GF. Curcumin Ameliorates the Experimental Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy through Promotion of NGF Expression in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200029. [PMID: 35538560 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggested that inhibiting the apoptosis of Schwann cells (SCs) and promoting nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in sciatic nerves play key roles in preventing the onset of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Curcumin, a primary bioactive substance in turmeric with multiple characteristics, has been shown to have many therapeutic effects in a variety of diseases. However, curcumin is poorly studied in the DPN models. We aimed to explore the therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanism of curcumin in high fat/sugar diets joint streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DPN rat models. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups (6 rats per group), control group, DPN group, Curcumin groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). Curcumin was administered intragastrically once per day for 4 continuous weeks. Body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were monitored in all groups. The mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) was measured. We also assessed neuropathic change by testing nerve conductance velocity (NCV) in sciatic nerves. TEM was applied to observe the sciatic nerves ultrastructure. The SCs apoptosis in sciatic nerves was stained using TUNEL kit. NGF contents in sciatic nerves and serum were detected using western blotting and ELISA analysis. The results showed curcumin had no obvious effect on the BW and FBG change. Curcumin (100 and 150 mg/kg) attenuated the MWT, NCV, and sciatic nerves ultrastructure in DPN rats. Curcumin (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) reduced SCs apoptosis in sciatic nerves. In addition, curcumin at 150 mg/kg had the best efficacy in increasing protein expression of NGF in sciatic nerves and serum NGF level. Our work demonstrated that curcumin has neuroprotective effects for the treatment of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ling Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Xiong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Yao W, Gao Y. Effects of Tang Luo Ning on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats revealed by LC-MS metabolomics approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5374. [PMID: 35302257 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes with limited therapies. Tang Luo Ning (TLN), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been proved to be effective in the treatment of DPN in clinical and experimental studies. However, the potential metabolic mechanism of TLN for the treatment of DPN is still unclear. Here the therapeutic effect of TLN on DPN was studied, and HPLC-IT-TOF/MS was used to explore the metabolic changes related to DPN and to explore the mechanism of TLN on DPN induced by high glucose. Furthermore, metabolic pathway analysis was used to explore the metabolic changes induced by DPN and TLN. As a result, TLN could improve the peripheral nerve function of DPN rats, and TLN could reduce the demyelination of the sciatic nerve in DPN rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that 14 potential biomarkers (citrate, creatine, fumarate, glyceric acid, glycine, succinate, etc.) of both DPN and TLN treatment were identified. Pathway analysis showed that the changes in these metabolites were mainly related to the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Weijie Yao
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Maternity Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Yanbin Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
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Ou Y, Liang Z, Yang Y, Zhou YK. Association of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with Vitamin D Levels Depends on Vitamin D Status. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931244. [PMID: 34711797 PMCID: PMC8562010 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Our objective here was to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and neuropathic symptoms in a Chinese population. Material/Methods A total of 4435 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH) D) serum concentration was measured by electrochemiluminescence assay (Cobas e601, Roche). DPN was clinically diagnosed by assessing neurological symptoms and performing current perception threshold (CPT) testing. Of all the patients, 2910 were CPT-positive and had assessed neurological symptoms. Results In the vitamin D insufficiency group (<30 ng/mL 25-(OH) D), patients with neurological symptoms had higher serum 25-(OH) D levels than those without neurological symptoms (24.65±3.42 ng/mL vs 23.61±4.54 ng/mL, p≤0.001). The risk of numbness and pain increased by 0.5-fold for every 6 ng/mL increase in 25-(OH) D. In the vitamin D sufficiency group (≥30 ng/mL 25-(OH) D), patients with neurological symptoms had lower serum 25-(OH) D levels than those without neurological symptoms (32.96±3.18 ng/mL vs 33.45±4.27 ng/mL, p<0.01). For every 4 ng/mL decrease in 25-(OH) D, the risk of numbness and pain increased by 0.2-fold. Conclusions The association of neuropathy symptoms with 25-(OH) D levels differed depending on whether the patients had insufficient or sufficient vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Liang
- Information Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Kunming Yan'an Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Kun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Relationship of serum vitamin D levels with diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:814-820. [PMID: 33538508 PMCID: PMC8104216 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with diabetic microvascular complications, but previous studies have only focused on the relationship between vitamin D and specific complications. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and diabetic microvascular complications in general, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 815 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical information and laboratory results were collected from the medical records. The relationship between vitamin D and the three diabetic microvascular complications was investigated. Results: The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) level of patients with DPN and/or DN was significantly lower than that of T2DM patients without any microvascular complications (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that the 25 (OH) D level was related to DPN and DN, but not DR. After adjustment, the 25 (OH) D level was confirmed to be an independent protective factor for DPN (odds ratio [OR]: 0.968, P = 0.004]) and DN (OR: 0.962, P = 0.006). The prevalence of DPN and DN increased significantly as the serum 25 (OH) D levels decreased. Furthermore, patients with both DPN and DN had the lowest concentration of serum 25 (OH) D (P < 0.001), and the prevalence of macroalbuminuria increased more abruptly than that of microalbuminuria across the 25 (OH) D tertiles. Among the patients with vitamin D insufficiency, those with DPN presented more comorbid macroalbuminuria than those without DPN (15.32% vs. 4.91%; P = 0.001). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with higher risk of DPN and DN, but not DR, in T2DM patients. Further, it may be a potential predictor for both the occurrence and severity of DPN and DN.
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Liu YP, Shao SJ, Guo HD. Schwann cells apoptosis is induced by high glucose in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Life Sci 2020; 248:117459. [PMID: 32092332 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that affects approximately half of patients with diabetes. Current treatment regimens cannot treat DPN effectively. Schwann cells (SCs) are very sensitive to glucose concentration and insulin, and closely associated with the occurrence and development of type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) and DPN. Apoptosis of SCs is induced by hyperglycemia and is involved in the pathogenesis of DPN. This review considers the pathological processes of SCs apoptosis under high glucose, which include the following: oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, nitrification and signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, ERK, PERK/Nrf2, and Wnt/β-catenin). The clarification of mechanisms underlying SCs apoptosis induced by high glucose will help us to understand and identify more effective strategies for the treatment of T1DM DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shui-Jin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Rendic SP, Peter Guengerich F. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes 5-51 as targets of drugs and natural and environmental compounds: mechanisms, induction, and inhibition - toxic effects and benefits. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 50:256-342. [PMID: 30717606 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1483401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Furthermore, included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- b Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
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Shillo P, Selvarajah D, Greig M, Gandhi R, Rao G, Wilkinson ID, Anand P, Tesfaye S. Reduced vitamin D levels in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabet Med 2019; 36:44-51. [PMID: 30102801 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies have reported an association between low vitamin D levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, many of these did not differentiate between people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and those with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy, or assess major confounding factors including sunlight exposure and daily activity. Our study addressed these limitations and evaluated vitamin D levels in people with carefully phenotyped diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls. METHODS Forty-five white Europeans with Type 2 diabetes and 14 healthy volunteers underwent clinical and neurophysiological assessments. People with Type 2 diabetes were then divided into three groups (17 with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 14 with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy and 14 with no diabetic peripheral neuropathy). All had seasonal sunlight exposure and daily activity measured, underwent a lower limb skin biopsy and had 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured during the summer months, July to September. RESULTS After adjusting for age, BMI, activity score and sunlight exposure, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (nmol/l) (se) were significantly lower in people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy [painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy 34.9 (5.8), healthy volunteers 62.05 (6.7), no diabetic peripheral neuropathy 49.6 (6.1), painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy 53.1 (6.2); ANCOVAP = 0.03]. Direct logistic regression was used to assess the impact of seven independent variables on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin D was the only independent variable to make a statistically significant contribution to the model with an inverted odds ratio of 1.11. Lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels also correlated with lower cold detection thresholds (r = 0.39, P = 0.02) and subepidermal nerve fibre densities (r = 0.42, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a significant difference in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in well-characterized people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, while accounting for the main confounding factors. This suggests a possible role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further prospective and intervention trials are required to prove causality between low vitamin D levels and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shillo
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - D Selvarajah
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - M Greig
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - R Gandhi
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - G Rao
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - I D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - P Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
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Danhong Injection Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia via Inhibiting ERK1/2 Activation and Elevates BDNF Level in Sciatic Nerve in Diabetic Rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5798453. [PMID: 29552083 PMCID: PMC5820641 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5798453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Danhong injection (DHI) has been widely used in China for cardiocerebrovascular diseases treatments. And in this study, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect of DHI on experimental diabetic neuropathy for the first time. Methods. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced SD rats were used. In experiment 1, 4-week treatment with DHI or saline started 4 weeks after STZ injection; mechanical allodynia was measured before and every 2 weeks after STZ injection. In experiment 2, chronic intrathecal infusion of U0126 was conducted during the 8th week of diabetes. Phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 in spinal cord were analyzed by western blot. BDNF level in sciatic nerve was evaluated by ELISA. Results. DHI treatment significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia at the end of the study and downregulated the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in spinal cord. In addition, DHI treatment also elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in sciatic nerve of DPN rat. In experiment 2, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation was confirmed to result in the alleviation of mechanical allodynia. Conclusions. We demonstrated that DHI was able to alleviate mechanical allodynia in diabetic neuropathy rat through inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2. The reduction of BDNF content in sciatic nerve was also partially reversed by DHI treatment.
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Wang BB, Wang JL, Yuan J, Quan QH, Ji RF, Tan P, Han J, Liu YG. Sugar Composition Analysis of Fuzi Polysaccharides by HPLC-MS n and Their Protective Effects on Schwann Cells Exposed to High Glucose. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111496. [PMID: 27834877 PMCID: PMC6273632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzi has been used to treat diabetic complications for many years in china. In a previous study, we have shown that Fuzi aqueous extract can attenuate Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in rats and protect Schwann cells from injury. Thus, the protective effect of Fuzi polysaccharides (FPS) on high glucose-induced SCs and the preliminary mechanism were investigated. Firstly, the FPS were obtained and their monose composition was analyzed by the combination of pre-column derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multi-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MSn). The results witnessed the efficiency of this method and seven monosaccharides were tentatively identified, among which fucose was first reported. Simultaneously, m/z 215 can be considered as diagnostic ions to confirm the number of monosaccharides. Next, high glucose-induced SC model was applied and divided into model group, treated group of FPS, normal and osmotic control group. After treatment for 48 h, the data showed FPS could significantly decrease the intracellular ROS and apoptosis, which were determined by the corresponding fluorescent probes. Then, the expression of oxidative stress-related proteins in SCs were measured by Western blot. Furthermore, the protein tests found that FPS markedly up-regulated superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) protein level, but down-regulated NADPH oxidase-1 (Nox1) protein level. Moreover, FPS could also increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation significantly. Hence, we preliminary deduced that AMPK-PGC-1α pathway may play an important role in the protective effect of FPS against high glucose-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Zhonghuan Road No. 6 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Zhonghuan Road No. 6 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Jiang Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Zhonghuan Road No. 6 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Quan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Zhonghuan Road No. 6 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Rui-Fang Ji
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Zhonghuan Road No. 6 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Zhonghuan Road No. 6 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Beijing Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, North Third Ring Road No. 11 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Zhonghuan Road No. 6 School Range, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
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Zhang H, Zhuang XD, Meng FH, Chen L, Dong XB, Liu GH, Li JH, Dong Q, Xu JD, Yang CT. Calcitriol prevents peripheral RSC96 Schwann neural cells from high glucose & methylglyoxal-induced injury through restoration of CBS/H 2 S expression. Neurochem Int 2016; 92:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Qin J, Wang L, Sun Y, Sun X, Wen C, Shahmoradi M, Zhou Y. Concentrated growth factor increases Schwann cell proliferation and neurotrophic factor secretion and promotes functional nerve recovery in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:493-500. [PMID: 26709397 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a newly generated complex that comprises a fibrin matrix incorporating growth factors and plasmatic and leukocyte cytokines. It has been widely used in bone regenerative medicine. However, the effect of CGF on peripheral nerve regeneration had not been previously investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of using CGF for nerve regeneration by i) investigating the effect of CGF on the proliferation of Schwann cells (SCs) and secretion of neurotrophic factors nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line‑derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in vitro; and ii) analyzing the effect of CGF on functional nerve recovery after nerve injury in vivo. CGF was prepared from venous blood taken from rats, and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we noted that it featured a fiber‑like appearance with pore size ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 µm. The soluble component of CGF was used to produce conditioned media with which to treat the Schwann cell line. A cell counting kit-8 assay and cell cycle analysis were both used to study the proliferative effect of CGF on SCs. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that there was an increase in the mRNA and protein expression of NGF and GDNF, both of which are markers of SC neurotrophic secretion. A model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established for the in vivo experiment, and CGF was found to increase the sciatic functional index (indicative of nerve function). We noted that CGF increased SC proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic factors in vitro, and promoted functional recovery after peripheral nerve injuries in vivo. These results suggest that CGF is a promising candidate biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration, and may potentially be utilized to repair nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Very Important People, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chaoju Wen
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Mahdi Shahmoradi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Hanson C, Jones G, Lyden E, Kaufmann M, Armas L, Anderson-Berry A. Vitamin D metabolism in the premature newborn: A randomized trial. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:835-41. [PMID: 26302850 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D status during infancy has been associated with important pediatric health outcomes; however concentrations of many vitamin D metabolites in premature infants are not yet described. The objective of this study was to evaluate concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in premature infants. METHODS 32 infants <32 weeks gestation were randomized to receive 400 or 800IU/day of vitamin D3 orally. Vitamin D metabolites from serum obtained monthly were analyzed in triplicate using a novel, very sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based method. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and Spearman correlation coefficients. Measurements over time were fit with linear mixed effect models. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in cord blood were 17.3 ng/mL; mean 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were 1.3 ng/mL, mean 24,25(OH)2D3 were 1.4 ng/mL. Both 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 increased significantly over time, and the percent of total 25(OH)D3 concentration that was 3-epi-25(OH)D3 also increased significantly (7.2% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.0001 for cord blood vs. 8 weeks). Serum 25(OH)D3:24,25(OH)2D3 ratios at weeks 4 and 8 were higher than ratios reported in older children and adults. CONCLUSION Vitamin D metabolism in infants appears to have distinct differences from adults. Vitamin D supplementation was effective in raising 25(OH)D3 concentrations; however significant increases in 3-epi-25(OH)D3 also occurred. Increased 25(OH)D3: 24,25(OH)2D3 ratios in premature infants may be due to immature expression of CYP24A1. Further work is necessary to determine if there are developmental advantages to this unique vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Hanson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, School of Allied Health Professionals, Medical Nutrition Education, 984045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4045, USA.
| | - Glenville Jones
- Queen's University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, USA.
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Queen's University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Laura Armas
- Creighton Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University 601 N 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pediatrics, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
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