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Lv J, Yang F, Li Y, Gao N, Zeng Q, Ma H, He J, Zhang Y. Characterization and Function Analysis of miRNA Editing during Fat Deposition in Chinese Indigenous Ningxiang Pigs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:183. [PMID: 38668450 PMCID: PMC11054885 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify active miRNA editing sites during adipose development in Ningxiang pigs and analyze their characteristics and functions. Based on small RNA-seq data from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Ningxiang pigs at four stages-30 days (piglet), 90 days (nursery), 150 days (early fattening), and 210 days (late fattening)-we constructed a developmental map of miRNA editing in the adipose tissues of Ningxiang pigs. A total of 505 miRNA editing sites were identified using the revised pipeline, with C-to-U editing types being the most prevalent, followed by U-to-C, A-to-G, and G-to-U. Importantly, these four types of miRNA editing exhibited base preferences. The number of editing sites showed obvious differences among age groups, with the highest occurrence of miRNA editing events observed at 90 days of age and the lowest at 150 days of age. A total of nine miRNA editing sites were identified in the miRNA seed region, with significant differences in editing levels (p < 0.05) located in ssc-miR-23a, ssc-miR-27a, ssc-miR-30b-5p, ssc-miR-15a, ssc-miR-497, ssc-miR-15b, and ssc-miR-425-5p, respectively. Target gene prediction and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the editing of miR-497 might potentially regulate fat deposition by inhibiting adipose synthesis via influencing target binding. These results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of pig fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ning Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.L.); (N.G.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410000, China
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Pađen L, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Almeida AM, Bujanić M, Konjević D. Fatty Acid Composition of M. Biceps Femoris of Edible Dormouse ( Glis glis L.). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233284. [PMID: 36496805 PMCID: PMC9735602 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the fatty acid (FA) composition of edible dormouse m. biceps femoris in both sexes. More than 20 FA were identified in the muscle, with the 18:1cis-9 (oleic acid) being the most abundant in both sexes, comprising more than 50% of total FA in muscle. The most dominated FA were monounsaturated (MUFA), followed by saturated FA (SFA) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), reaching 54.8%, 25.43% and 19.8% of total FA, respectively. Sums of PUFA and n-3 PUFA tended (p > 0.05) to be higher in males than in females. There were no significant differences between sexes on the FA composition. Nevertheless, the 18:2n-6 tended to differ between sexes (p = 0.063). Several long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) were detected in dormouse muscle, with the 20:4 n-6 (arachidonic acid, AA) and the 22:6 n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) being the most abundant in both sexes. The relatively high stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) indexes and the large concentration of 18:1cis-9 in dormouse muscle tissues might point to a low mobilization of the SCD products. Furthermore, finding the unusual FA 20:3 ∆5,∆11,∆14, suggests feeding on leaf and wood lipids of Coniferophytes. We demonstrated sexual size monomorphism in edible dormouse. The literature regarding the composition of dormouse meat is scarce and no studies reported the FA composition of muscle, thus, this work can contribute to increasing the knowledge on edible dormouse physiology and nutritional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Pađen
- Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-994687333
| | - Susana P. Alves
- CIISA/FMV–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA/FMV–Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André M. Almeida
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miljenko Bujanić
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Konjević
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Hahn KE, Dahms I, Butt CM, Salem N, Grimshaw V, Bailey E, Fleming SA, Smith BN, Dilger RN. Impact of Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Neural and Immune Development in the Young Pig. Front Nutr 2020; 7:592364. [PMID: 33195377 PMCID: PMC7658628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.592364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human milk contains both arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Supplementation of infant formula with ARA and DHA results in fatty acid (FA) profiles, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and immune responses in formula-fed infants that are more like those observed in breastfed infants. Consequently, ARA and DHA have been historically added together to infant formula. This study investigated the impact of ARA or DHA supplementation alone or in combination on tissue FA incorporation, immune responses, and neurodevelopment in the young pig. Methods: Male pigs (N = 48 total) received one of four dietary treatments from postnatal day (PND) 2–30. Treatments targeted the following ARA/DHA levels (% of total FA): CON (0.00/0.00), ARA (0.80/0.00), DHA (0.00/0.80), and ARA+DHA (0.80/0.80). Plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were collected for FA analysis. Blood was collected for T cell immunophenotyping and to quantify a panel of immune outcomes. Myelin thickness in the corpus callosum was measured by transmission electron microscopy and pig movement was measured by actigraphy. Results: There were no differences in formula intake or growth between dietary groups. DHA supplementation increased brain DHA, but decreased ARA, compared with all other groups. ARA supplementation increased brain ARA compared with all other groups but did not affect brain DHA. Combined supplementation increased brain DHA levels but did not affect brain ARA levels compared with the control. Pigs fed ARA or ARA+DHA exhibited more activity than those fed CON or DHA. Diet-dependent differences in activity suggested pigs fed ARA had the lowest percent time asleep, while those fed DHA had the highest. No differences were observed for immune or myelination outcomes. Conclusion: Supplementation with ARA and DHA did not differentially affect immune responses, but ARA levels in RBC and PFC were reduced when DHA was provided without ARA. Supplementation of either ARA or DHA alone induced differences in time spent asleep, and ARA inclusion increased general activity. Therefore, the current data support the combined supplementation with both ARA and DHA in infant formula and raise questions regarding the safety and nutritional suitability of ARA or DHA supplementation individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee E Hahn
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Irina Dahms
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD, United States
| | | | - Eileen Bailey
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - Stephen A Fleming
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Brooke N Smith
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Piglet Nutrition & Cognition Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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Identification of strong candidate genes for backfat and intramuscular fatty acid composition in three crosses based on the Iberian pig. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13962. [PMID: 32811870 PMCID: PMC7435270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality has an important genetic component and can be modified by the fatty acid (FA) composition and the amount of fat contained in adipose tissue and muscle. The present study aimed to find genomic regions associated with the FA composition in backfat and muscle (longissimus dorsi) in 439 pigs with three different genetic backgrounds but having the Iberian breed in common. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed between 38,424 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the pig genome and 60 phenotypic traits related to backfat and muscle FA composition. Nine significant associated regions were found in backfat on the Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC): SSC1, SSC2, SSC4, SSC6, SSC8, SSC10, SSC12, and SSC16. For the intramuscular fat, six significant associated regions were identified on SSC4, SSC13, SSC14, and SSC17. A total of 52 candidate genes were proposed to explain the variation in backfat and muscle FA composition traits. GWAS were also reanalysed including SNPs on five candidate genes (ELOVL6, ELOVL7, FADS2, FASN, and SCD). Regions and molecular markers described in our study may be useful for meat quality selection of commercial pig breeds, although several polymorphisms were breed-specific, and further analysis would be needed to evaluate possible causal mutations.
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Fu Y, Wang L, Tang Z, Yin D, Xu J, Fan Y, Li X, Zhao S, Liu X. An integration analysis based on genomic, transcriptomic and QTX information reveals credible candidate genes for fat-related traits in pigs. Anim Genet 2020; 51:683-693. [PMID: 32557818 DOI: 10.1111/age.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Meat quality improvement is of great interest to researchers in pig breeding and many researchers have identified abundant associated quantitative trait loci, genes and polymorphisms (QTXs) for fat-related traits. However, it is challenging to determine credible candidate genes from a mass of associations. The efficiency of identification of credible candidate genes in these QTXs is restricted by limited integration analyses of data from multiple omics. In this study, we constructed a 'candidate gene map' of fat-related traits in pigs based on published literature and the latest genome. In total, 6,861 QTXs, which covered 9,323 genes on the pig genome, were used. Combining the QTX hotspots and pathway analysis, we identified 180 candidate genes that may regulate the fat-related traits, and choose PNPLA2, PPARG, SREBF1, ACACA, PPARD and PPARA as credible candidate genes. In addition, we discussed the importance of incorporating transcriptome data and genomic data in causal gene identification, and the multi-omics information can effectively improve the credibility of identified candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Z Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - D Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - J Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Y Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - S Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Dervishi E, González-Calvo L, Blanco M, Joy M, Sarto P, Martin-Hernandez R, Ordovás JM, Serrano M, Calvo JH. Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Profiling in Longissimus thoracis Muscle, Subcutaneous Fat, and Liver of Light Lambs in Response to Concentrate or Alfalfa Grazing. Front Genet 2019; 10:1070. [PMID: 31737049 PMCID: PMC6834778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of gene expression and metabolic pathways in response to a feeding system is critical for identifying key physiological processes and genes associated with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in lamb meat. The main objective of this study was to investigate transcriptional changes in L. thoracis (LT) muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat (SF) of lambs that grazed alfalfa (ALF) and concentrate-fed (CON) slaughtered at 23 kg and using the Affymetrix Ovine Gene 1.1 ST whole-genome array. The study also evaluated the relationship between meat traits in LT muscle, including color, pigments and lipid oxidation during 7 days of display, α-tocopherol content, intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the fatty acid (FA) profile. Lambs that grazed on alfalfa had a greater α-tocopherol concentration in plasma than CON lambs (P < 0.05). The treatment did not affect the IMF content, meat color or pigments (P > 0.05). Grazing increased the α-tocopherol content (P < 0.001) and decreased lipid oxidation on day 7 of display (P < 0.05) in LT muscle. The ALF group contained a greater amount of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3 n−3, C20:5 n−3, C22:5 n−3, and C22:6 n−3 than did the CON group (P < 0.05). We identified 41, 96 and four genes differentially expressed in LT muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The most enriched biological processes in LT muscle were skeletal muscle tissue development, being the genes related to catabolic and lipid processes downregulated, except for CPT1B, which was upregulated in the ALF lambs. Animals grazing alfalfa had lower expression of desaturase enzymes in the liver (FADS1 and FADS2), which regulate unsaturation of fatty acids and are directly involved in the metabolism of n−3 PUFA series. The results found in the current study showed that ingesting diets richer in n−3 PUFA might have negative effects on the de novo synthesis of n−3 PUFA by downregulating the FADS1 and FADS2 expression. However, feeding diets poorer in n−3 PUFA can promote fatty acid desaturation, which makes these two genes attractive candidates for altering the content of PUFAs in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Dervishi
- Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Laura González-Calvo
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mireia Blanco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margalida Joy
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Sarto
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jorge H Calvo
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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A polymorphism in the fatty acid desaturase-2 gene is associated with the arachidonic acid metabolism in pigs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14336. [PMID: 30254373 PMCID: PMC6156218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (C20:4) is related to a wide range of biological effects including lipid homeostasis. The fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2) gene encodes for the delta-6-desaturase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of C20:4 from linoleic acid (C18:2). The purpose of this study was to characterise mutations in the promoter of the porcine FADS2, evaluating in particular the effect of one haplotype tagging polymorphism (rs321384923A > G) on the biosynthesis pathway of C20:4. A total of 1,192 Duroc barrows with records on fatty acid composition in muscle and subcutaneous fat were genotyped. Pigs carrying the A allele showed, irrespective of fat content, both enhanced FADS2 expression and higher C20:4 in muscle and exhibited increased ratios of C20:4 to C18:2 and of C20:4 to eicosadienoic acid (C20:2) in both muscle and adipose tissue. Despite the inverse relationship observed between C20:4 and fat content, the rs321384923 polymorphism had no impact on lean weight. It is concluded that the haplotype encompassing the rs321384923 polymorphism at the porcine FADS2 affects the n-6 fatty acid profile by specifically modifying the desaturation efficiency of C18:2 to C20:4 rather than by concomitant variations in C18:2 following changes in fat content.
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Zhang HM, Xia HL, Jiang HR, Mao YJ, Qu KX, Huang BZ, Gong YC, Yang ZP. Longissimus dorsi muscle transcriptomic analysis of Yunling and Chinese simmental cattle differing in intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition. Genome 2018; 61:549-558. [PMID: 29883552 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition vary significantly across beef cattle breeds, which play an important role in taste and nutritional value. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic differences remain unknown. The present study compared meat quality traits between Yunling cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle. Yunling cattle showed a lower IMF content and proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), as well as higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and short-chain fatty acids (sc-FA) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle than Chinese Simmental cattle. To further identify the candidate genes and pathways responsible for these phenotypic differences, the transcriptome of LD muscle from the two breeds were measured using RNA-seq. A total of 1347 differentially expressed genes were identified. The major metabolic pathways that were differentially modulated were lipolysis and glycometabolism. Yunling cattle showed a higher expression of lipolysis genes (ALDH9A1, ACSL5, ACADM, ACAT2, ACOT2) and a lower expression of genes related to glycometabolism (PGM1, GALM, PGM1, GPI, LDHA). This research identified candidate genes and pathways for IMF content and FA composition in the LD muscle of beef cattle, which may facilitate the design of new selection strategies to improve meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - H L Xia
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - H R Jiang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Y J Mao
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - K X Qu
- c Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650212, China
| | - B Z Huang
- c Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650212, China
| | - Y C Gong
- d The Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - Z P Yang
- a Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,b Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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9
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Li B, Qiao L, An L, Wang W, Liu J, Ren Y, Pan Y, Jing J, Liu W. Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissues from two fat-tailed sheep breeds reveals key genes involved in fat deposition. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:338. [PMID: 29739312 PMCID: PMC5941690 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of fat deposition in carcass is a crucial factor influencing meat quality. Guangling Large-Tailed (GLT) and Small-Tailed Han (STH) sheep are important local Chinese fat-tailed breeds that show distinct patterns of fat depots. To gain a better understanding of fat deposition, transcriptome profiles were determined by RNA-sequencing of perirenal, subcutaneous, and tail fat tissues from both the sheep breeds. The common highly expressed genes (co-genes) in all the six tissues, and the genes that were differentially expressed (DE genes) between these two breeds in the corresponding tissues were analyzed. RESULTS Approximately 47 million clean reads were obtained for each sample, and a total of 17,267 genes were annotated. Of the 47 highly expressed co-genes, FABP4, ADIPOQ, FABP5, and CD36 were the four most highly transcribed genes among all the known genes related to adipose deposition. FHC, FHC-pseudogene, and ZC3H10 were also highly expressed genes and could, thus, have roles in fat deposition. A total of 2091, 4233, and 4131 DE genes were identified in the perirenal, subcutaneous, and tail fat tissues between the GLT and STH breeds, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that some DE genes were associated with adipose metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that PPAR signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction were specifically enriched. Four genes, namely LOC101102230, PLTP, C1QTNF7, and OLR1 were up-regulated and two genes, SCD and UCP-1, were down-regulated in all the tested tissues of STH. Among the genes involved in ECM-receptor interaction, the genes encoding collagens, laminins, and integrins were quite different depending on the depots or the breeds. In STH, genes such as LAMB3, RELN, TNXB, and ITGA8, were identified to be up regulated and LAMB4 was observed to be down regulated. CONCLUSIONS This study unravels the complex transcriptome profiles in sheep fat tissues, highlighting the candidate genes involved in fat deposition. Further studies are needed to investigate the roles of the candidate genes in fat deposition and in determining the meat quality of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Liying Qiao
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Lixia An
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Information, Taigu, 030800, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Youshe Ren
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jiongjie Jing
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Taigu, 030801, China.
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10
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Renaville B, Bacciu N, Lanzoni M, Mossa F, Piasentier E. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in fat metabolism candidate genes with fatty acid profiles of muscle and subcutaneous fat in heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2018; 139:220-227. [PMID: 29459298 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary and organoleptic qualities of pork products are largely influenced by the profiles of fatty acids (FAs) of meat and fat. The objective of this work was to investigate the potential associations between FA profile in subcutaneous adipose (back fat and leg fat) and muscular (longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris) tissues in heavy pigs (n = 129, 9-month-old) with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six candidate genes involved in fat metabolism: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (DGAT1 &DGAT2), Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTTP), Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) and Heart- fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP). Preliminary results suggest a putative association between MTTP, DGAT2 and FASN and the FA content in both fat and meat, whereas between DGAT1, SCD and H-FABP the association was found in adipose tissue only. However, the effect of the analyzed genes, needs to be verified in a larger and better characterized pig population to support the hypothesized associations with FA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Renaville
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - N Bacciu
- Zoetis, VMRD Genetics, 333 Portage street, 49007 Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - M Lanzoni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - F Mossa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - E Piasentier
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
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11
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Capraro D, Buccioni A, Piasentier E, Spanghero M. Feeding finishing heavy pigs with corn silages: effects on backfat fatty acid composition and ham weight losses during seasoning. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1302825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Capraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mauro Spanghero
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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12
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Lim KS, Lee KT, Park JE, Chung WH, Jang GW, Choi BH, Hong KC, Kim TH. Identification of differentially expressed genes in longissimus muscle of pigs with high and low intramuscular fat content using RNA sequencing. Anim Genet 2016; 48:166-174. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul 136-713 Korea
| | - K. T. Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - J. E. Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - W. H. Chung
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - G. W. Jang
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - B. H. Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
| | - K. C. Hong
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul 136-713 Korea
| | - T. H. Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division; National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju 565-851 Korea
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13
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Association of NLK polymorphisms with intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition traits in pigs. Meat Sci 2016; 118:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Avilés C, Horcada A, Polvillo O, Membrillo A, Anaya G, Molina A, Alcalde M, Panea B. Association study between variability in the SCD gene and the fatty acid profile in perirenal and intramuscular fat deposits from Spanish goat populations. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Castellini C, Dal Bosco A, Mattioli S, Davidescu M, Corazzi L, Macchioni L, Rimoldi S, Terova G. Activity, Expression, and Substrate Preference of the Δ(6)-Desaturase in Slow- or Fast-Growing Rabbit Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:792-800. [PMID: 26745387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper liver fatty acid Δ(6) desaturation (fads2) activity was analyzed in two rabbit strains with slow- (S, 27.5 g/day) or fast-growing (F, 48.5 g/day) rate. The fatty acid profile of the liver showed a different PUFA profile in the two strains with a lower n-6/n-3 ratio in the S rabbits. The expression of fads2 was 2-fold higher in S than in F rabbits, whereas enzyme activity was higher in F and more oriented toward the desaturation of linoleic acid (90%). In contrast, S showed a higher preference for linolenic acid (38.9 vs 10%). This study identified a single difference in the fads2 amino acid sequence between these two strains. Such a difference consists in the substitution of Gly104 to Ser104 in the sequence of F fads2. These results indicate for the first time that genetic selection for performance may affect the preference for PUFA toward desaturation of linoleic/linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Davidescu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Piazza Gambuli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Piazza Gambuli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Piazza Gambuli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria , Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria , Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Inter-University Centre for Research in Protein Biotechnologies, "The Protein Factory", Polytechnic University of Milan and University of Insubria , 21100 Varese, Italy
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16
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Renaville B, Bacciu N, Lanzoni M, Corazzin M, Piasentier E. Polymorphism of fat metabolism genes as candidate markers for meat quality and production traits in heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2015; 110:220-3. [PMID: 26255706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High meat quality is required for dry-cured ham production, which quality depends on meat fat quantity and composition. The aim was to study the polymorphisms of six genes involved in fat metabolism, namely, Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (DGAT1 &DGAT2), Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and Heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in two traditional (Large White or Duroc × (Landrace × Large White)) and two industrial hybrids (Goland and Danbred), which are used for dry-cured ham production. Significant associations of SCD and MTTP were found with carcass weight. DGAT2 was associated with back fat thickness and L* fat colour (objective white colour score). Several genes (DGAT2, MTTP &FASN) were associated with weight loss during salting, first step in dry-cured ham production, affecting final yield. Finally, MTTP was associated with shear force. Our findings suggest that the SCD, DGAT2, MTTP and FASN polymorphisms are associated with quality of heavy pig meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Renaville
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Italy.
| | - N Bacciu
- Zoetis, VMRD Genetics, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - M Lanzoni
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Italy
| | - M Corazzin
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - E Piasentier
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
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17
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Puig-Oliveras A, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Corominas J, Estellé J, Pérez-Montarelo D, Hudson NJ, Casellas J, Folch JM, Ballester M. Differences in muscle transcriptome among pigs phenotypically extreme for fatty acid composition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99720. [PMID: 24926690 PMCID: PMC4057286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides having an impact on human health, the porcine muscle fatty acid profile determines meat quality and taste. The RNA-Seq technologies allowed us to explore the pig muscle transcriptome with an unprecedented detail. The aim of this study was to identify differentially-expressed genes between two groups of 6 sows belonging to an Iberian × Landrace backcross with extreme phenotypes according to FA profile. RESULTS We sequenced the muscle transcriptome acquiring 787.5 M of 75 bp paired-end reads. About 85.1% of reads were mapped to the reference genome. Of the total reads, 79.1% were located in exons, 6.0% in introns and 14.9% in intergenic regions, indicating expressed regions not annotated in the reference genome. We identified a 34.5% of the intergenic regions as interspersed repetitive regions. We predicted a total of 2,372 putative proteins. Pathway analysis with 131 differentially-expressed genes revealed that the most statistically-significant metabolic pathways were related with lipid metabolism. Moreover, 18 of the differentially-expressed genes were located in genomic regions associated with IMF composition in an independent GWAS study in the same genetic background. Thus, our results indicate that the lipid metabolism of FAs is differently modulated when the FA composition in muscle differs. For instance, a high content of PUFA may reduce FA and glucose uptake resulting in an inhibition of the lipogenesis. These results are consistent with previous studies of our group analysing the liver and the adipose tissue transcriptomes providing a view of each of the main organs involved in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the muscle transcriptome analysis increase the knowledge of the gene regulation of IMF deposition, FA profile and meat quality, in terms of taste and nutritional value. Besides, our results may be important in terms of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puig-Oliveras
- Departament de Genètica Animal, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative UMR1313 (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jordi Corominas
- Departament de Genètica Animal, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Estellé
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative UMR1313 (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative UMR1313 (GABI), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome (LREG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Dafne Pérez-Montarelo
- Departamento de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas J. Hudson
- Computational and Systems Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Animal, Food and Health SciencesQLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joaquim Casellas
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Millora Animal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologies Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep M. Folch
- Departament de Genètica Animal, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Ballester
- Departament de Genètica Animal, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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18
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Estany J, Ros-Freixedes R, Tor M, Pena RN. A functional variant in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter enhances fatty acid desaturation in pork. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86177. [PMID: 24465944 PMCID: PMC3896438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing public concern about reducing saturated fat intake. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the lipogenic enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of oleic acid (18 ∶ 1) by desaturating stearic acid (18 ∶ 0). Here we describe a total of 18 mutations in the promoter and 3' non-coding region of the pig SCD gene and provide evidence that allele T at AY487830:g.2228T>C in the promoter region enhances fat desaturation (the ratio 18 ∶ 1/18 ∶ 0 in muscle increases from 3.78 to 4.43 in opposite homozygotes) without affecting fat content (18 ∶ 0+18 ∶ 1, intramuscular fat content, and backfat thickness). No mutations that could affect the functionality of the protein were found in the coding region. First, we proved in a purebred Duroc line that the C-T-A haplotype of the 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.2108C>T; g.2228T>C; g.2281A>G) of the promoter region was additively associated to enhanced 18 ∶ 1/18 ∶ 0 both in muscle and subcutaneous fat, but not in liver. We show that this association was consistent over a 10-year period of overlapping generations and, in line with these results, that the C-T-A haplotype displayed greater SCD mRNA expression in muscle. The effect of this haplotype was validated both internally, by comparing opposite homozygote siblings, and externally, by using experimental Duroc-based crossbreds. Second, the g.2281A>G and the g.2108C>T SNPs were excluded as causative mutations using new and previously published data, restricting the causality to g.2228T>C SNP, the last source of genetic variation within the haplotype. This mutation is positioned in the core sequence of several putative transcription factor binding sites, so that there are several plausible mechanisms by which allele T enhances 18 ∶ 1/18 ∶ 0 and, consequently, the proportion of monounsaturated to saturated fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Estany
- Departament de Producció Animal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Roger Ros-Freixedes
- Departament de Producció Animal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Tor
- Departament de Producció Animal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramona N. Pena
- Departament de Producció Animal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) insertion/deletion polymorphism impact on muscle fatty acid profile in European grayling (Thymallus thymallus). Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1559-64. [PMID: 23578405 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An insertion (In)/deletion (Del) polymorphism in the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene, which codes for Δ6-desaturase, was for the first time observed in fish. The polymorphism is located in the seventh intron of FADS2 and the insertion consists of eleven repeats of CTGT (44 bp) with an allelic frequency, for the insertion, of 39 %. The polymorphism was associated with a modulation in Δ6-desaturase activity as significant effects on the ratio of EPA or DHA to their precursors were found (P< 0·001). A different distribution of SFA, MUFA and PUFA among the In/In, In/Del and Del/Del groups was also detected in fish fillet. The results suggest that genetic selection for this marker might improve the ability of European grayling to utilise dietary n-3 long-chain PUFA precursors, as Δ6-desaturase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of EPA and DHA from α-linolenic acid.
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