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Fetal dose estimation for Virtual Tangential-fields Arc Therapy whole breast irradiation by optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters. Phys Med 2022; 101:44-49. [PMID: 35944444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed tumor in pregnant women and radiation therapy should carefully be weighted up because of the dose to the fetus. The aim of this study was to investigate fetal dose in a patient treated with Virtual Tangential-fields Arc Therapy (ViTAT), an innovative technique for whole breast irradiation. Optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLDs) were calibrated on a Varian TrueBeam linac, with both a 6X and 6XFFF beam quality, and used for out-of-field measurements. Fetal dose related with ViTAT technique was compared to the standard 3D conformal radiation therapy technique (3DCRT). The fetal dose delivered with a ViTAT technique planned with 6XFFF beam was also investigated. Measurements were taken on a phantom composed of Rando Alderson Phantom slices and solid water slabs. OSLDs were placed in a region identified by the height of the fundus from conception to the twentieth week using a custom made PMMA grid. Due to the higher number of monitor units, the peripheral dose of ViTAT delivered with 6X beams is higher than that of 3DCRT. However, nanoDots measurements prove that ViTAT can be used in place of 3DCRT while maintaining similar fetal dose levels if 6XFFF beams are used.
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2
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Abstract
We present the updated recommendations of the French society for radiation oncology on radiotherapy and pregnancy. The occurrence of cancer during pregnancy is a rare event (approximately 1 in 1000 pregnancies). The risks for the embryo or the foetus depend on the gestational age at the time of irradiation. The main risks are malformations with microcephaly and mental retardation. There is also a risk of radiation-induced cancer in the unborn child. In the case of only supradiaphragmatic irradiation, radiotherapy can be performed most often in pregnant women without risk to the foetus. On the other hand, in the case of an indication for subdiaphragmatic irradiation, therapeutic termination of the pregnancy should be proposed. In all cases, when radiotherapy is chosen, a phantom estimation of the dose delivered to the foetus, confirmed by in vivo measurement, is recommended. Conformational radiotherapy is the preferred technique because of the lower dose delivered to the foetus (except in tumour locations where other techniques such as IMRT are recommended).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michalet
- Institut du cancer de Montpellier, 208, avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France.
| | - C Dejean
- Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, 33, avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - U Schick
- CHRU de Brest, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France
| | - C Durdux
- Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A Fourquet
- Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Y Kirova
- Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Recent advances in novel drug delivery systems and approaches for management of breast cancer: A comprehensive review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Takahashi W, Nawa K, Haga A, Yamashita H, Imae T, Ogita M, Okuma K, Abe O, Nakagawa K. Acceptable fetal dose using flattening filter-free volumetric arc therapy (FFF VMAT) in postoperative chemoradiotherapy of tongue cancer during pregnancy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 20:9-12. [PMID: 31709307 PMCID: PMC6833340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing irradiation protocols for pregnant women is challenging, because there are few cases and a dearth of fetal dosimetry data. We cared for a 36-year-old pregnant woman with tongue cancer. Prior to treatment, we compared three intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques, including helical tomotherapy, volumetric arc therapy (VMAT), and flattening-filter free VMAT (FFF-VMAT) using treatment planning software. FFF-VMAT achieved the minimum fetal exposure and was selected as the optimal modality. We prescribed 66 Gy to the involved nodes, 60 Gy to the tumor bed and ipsilateral neck, and 54 Gy to the contralateral neck over 33 fractions. To confirm the out-of-field exposure per fraction, surface doses and the rectal dose were measured during FFF-VMAT delivery. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was delivered using IMRT and a cisplatin regimen. Without any shielding, the total fetal dose was 0.03 Gy, within the limits established by the ICRP. A healthy girl was born vaginally at 37 weeks' gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kanabu Nawa
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Haga
- Department of Medical Image Informatics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideomi Yamashita
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Imae
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Ogita
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Okuma
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Mahdavi SR, Tutuni M, Farhood B, Nafisi N, Ghasemi S, Mirzaee H, Ahmadi S, Alizadeh A. Measurement of peripheral dose to the pelvic region and the associated risk for cancer development after breast intraoperative electron radiation therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2019; 39:278-291. [PMID: 30634170 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aafdc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the received dose to the pelvic region of patients during breast intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT). Furthermore, we compared the findings with those of external beam radiation therapy. Finally, secondary ovarian and uterus cancer risks following breast IOERT were estimated. In the current study, the received dose to the pelvic surface of 18 female patients during breast IOERT boosts were measured by thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD-100) chips. All patients were treated with 12 Gy given in a single fraction. To estimate the dose to the ovary and uterus of the patients, conversion coefficients for depth from the surface dose were obtained in a Rando phantom. Given the received dose to the pelvic region of the patients, secondary ovarian and uterus cancer risks following breast IOERT were estimated. The received doses to the ovary and uterus surface of the patients were 0.260 ± 0.155 mGy to 31.460 ± 6.020 mGy and 0.485 ± 0.122 mGy to 22.387 ± 15.476 mGy, respectively. Corresponding intra-pelvic (ovary and uterus) regional doses were 0.012 ± 0.007 mGy to 1.479 ± 0.283 mGy and 0.027 ± 0.001 mGy to 1.164 ± 0.805 mGy, respectively. Findings demonstrated that the ratio of the received dose by the pelvic surface to the regional dose during breast IOERT was much less than external beam radiation therapy. The mean of the secondary cancer risks for the ovary in 8 and 10 MeV electron beam energies were 135.722 ± 117.331 × 10-6 and 69.958 ± 28.072 × 10-6, and for the uterus were 17.342 ± 10.583 × 10-6 and 2.971 ± 3.604 × 10-6, respectively. According to our findings, the use of breast IOERT in pregnant patients can be considered as a safe radiotherapeutic technique, because the received dose to the fetus was lower than 50 mGy. Furthermore, IOERT can efficiently reduce the unnecessary dose to the pelvic region and lowers the risk of secondary ovarian and uterus cancer following breast irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Rabie Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mazzola R, Corradini S, Eidemüeller M, Figlia V, Fiorentino A, Giaj-Levra N, Nicosia L, Ricchetti F, Rigo M, Musola M, Ceccaroni M, Gori S, Magrini SM, Alongi F. Modern radiotherapy in cancer treatment during pregnancy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 136:13-19. [PMID: 30878124 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, gynecological malignancies and lymphomas are the most frequently diagnosed tumors in pregnant women. The feasibility of radiotherapy during pregnancy remains a subject of debate and clinicians continue to hesitate on this approach, trying to avoid radiotherapy in most cases. Since the 1990s, several technological advances, including intensity modulated and image guided radiation delivery, have been implemented in radiation oncology to improve the radiation treatment in terms of effectiveness and tolerability. It remains uncertain which short- and long-term health effects the radiation exposure of the fetus may have through advanced radiotherapy techniques. The present systematic literature review aims to summarize the limited current evidences of the feasibility and clinical results of "modern" radiotherapy procedures for the treatment of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Mazzola
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Markus Eidemüeller
- Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Figlia
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Alba Fiorentino
- Radiation Oncology, General Regional Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti-Bari, Italy
| | - Niccolò Giaj-Levra
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Nicosia
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricchetti
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Rigo
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Mariella Musola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceccaroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gori
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Alongi
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy; University of Brescia, Italy
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Labby ZE, Barraclough B, Bayliss RA, Besemer AE, Dunkerley DAP, Howard SP. Radiation treatment planning and delivery strategies for a pregnant brain tumor patient. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2018; 19:368-374. [PMID: 30062720 PMCID: PMC6123144 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of a pregnant patient in radiation oncology is an infrequent event requiring careful consideration by both the physician and physicist. The aim of this manuscript was to highlight treatment planning techniques and detail measurements of fetal dose for a pregnant patient recently requiring treatment for a brain cancer. A 27-year-old woman was treated during gestational weeks 19-25 for a resected grade 3 astrocytoma to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, followed by an additional 9 Gy boost in five fractions. Four potential plans were developed for the patient: a 6 MV 3D-conformal treatment plan with enhanced dynamic wedges, a 6 MV step-and-shoot (SnS) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan, an unflattened 6 MV SnS IMRT plan, and an Accuray TomoTherapy HDA helical IMRT treatment plan. All treatment plans used strategies to reduce peripheral dose. Fetal dose was estimated for each treatment plan using available literature references, and measurements were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and an ionization chamber with an anthropomorphic phantom. TLD measurements from a full-course radiation delivery ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 cGy for the 3D-conformal treatment plan, from 1.0 to 1.5 cGy for the 6 MV SnS IMRT plan, from 0.6 to 1.0 cGy for the unflattened 6 MV SnS IMRT plan, and from 1.9 to 2.6 cGy for the TomoTherapy treatment plan. The unflattened 6 MV SnS IMRT treatment plan was selected for treatment for this particular patient, though the fetal doses from all treatment plans were deemed acceptable. The cumulative dose to the patient's unshielded fetus is estimated to be 1.0 cGy at most. The planning technique and distance between the treatment target and fetus both contributed to this relatively low fetal dose. Relevant treatment planning strategies and treatment delivery considerations are discussed to aid radiation oncologists and medical physicists in the management of pregnant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacariah E Labby
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brendan Barraclough
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Adam Bayliss
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abigail E Besemer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David A P Dunkerley
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven P Howard
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Mazonakis M, Damilakis J. Estimation and reduction of the radiation dose to the fetus from external-beam radiotherapy. Phys Med 2017; 43:148-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Mazonakis M, Tzedakis A, Damilakis J. Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Pregnant Patients: How to Reduce the Radiation Dose and Risks to Fetus? RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 175:10-16. [PMID: 27613746 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study estimated the fetal dose and risks from radiotherapy for breast cancer with 6 MV X-rays. Breast irradiation was simulated with the MCNP code using two mathematical phantoms corresponding to patients in the early and middle periods of pregnancy. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the appropriate fetal shielding. For a 50-Gy tumor dose, the unshielded fetal dose reached up to 133.1 mGy. Fetal protection with a lead shield of dimensions 30 × 30 × 5 cm3 placed besides the treatment couch resulted in maximum doses of 22.0 and 70.3 mGy at the first and second trimesters of gestation, respectively. These shielded fetal doses may be associated with a fatal cancer risk during childhood up to 0.42% and a maximum probability for the appearance of heritable effects of 0.17%. The use of fetal shielding ensures the absence of deterministic effects from radiotherapy during the first 24 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mazonakis
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, 71003Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonis Tzedakis
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Iraklion, 71110Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Damilakis
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, 71003Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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