1
|
Antonescu F, Butnariu I, Antonescu-Ghelmez D, Tuta S, Voinescu BA, Manea MC, Bucur AI, Chelmambet AS, Moraru A. Neuro-Behçet's Disease Onset in the Context of Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2163. [PMID: 38138266 PMCID: PMC10744592 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis that frequently presents with a relapsing-remitting pattern. CNS involvement (Neuro-Behçet) is rare, affecting approximately 10% of patients. Its etiological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The most commonly accepted hypothesis is that of a systemic inflammatory reaction triggered by an infectious agent or by an autoantigen, such as heat shock protein, in genetically predisposed individuals. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to be closely interconnected with BD, both affecting cell-mediated immunity to a certain extent and probably sharing a common genetic background. We present the case of a 34-year-old Caucasian woman who had been diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis 15 months prior, with significant neurological deficits and lesional burden on MRI with repeated relapses whenever treatment withdrawal was attempted. These relapses were initially considered as reactivation of tuberculous meningoencephalitis, and symptoms improved after a combination of antituberculous treatment and corticosteroid therapy. After the second relapse, the diagnosis was reconsidered, as new information emerged about oral and genital aphthous lesions, making us suspect a BD diagnosis. HLA B51 testing was positive, antituberculous treatment was stopped, and the patient was started on high doses of oral Cortisone and Azathioprine. Consequently, the evolution was favorable, with no further relapses and slow improvements in neurological deficits. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Neuro-Behçet's disease onset precipitated by tuberculous meningitis. We include a review of the available literature on this subject. Our case reinforces the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can precipitate BD in genetically predisposed patients, and we recommend HLA B51 screening in patients with prolonged or relapsing meningoencephalitis, even if an infectious agent is apparently involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Antonescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020023 Bucharest, Romania (M.C.M.)
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Butnariu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020023 Bucharest, Romania (M.C.M.)
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Antonescu-Ghelmez
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020023 Bucharest, Romania (M.C.M.)
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Tuta
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020023 Bucharest, Romania (M.C.M.)
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Adriana Voinescu
- “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Costin Manea
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020023 Bucharest, Romania (M.C.M.)
- “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Psychiatry Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amanda Ioana Bucur
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Altay Sercan Chelmambet
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Moraru
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of Immunomodulating Extract and Some Isolates from Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen Fruits on Diabetic Patients with Tuberculosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052401. [PMID: 36903646 PMCID: PMC10005397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease easily complicated by tuberculosis (TB) due to impaired function of the innate immune response. The successes of the discovery of immunomodulatory compounds needs to be continued to introduce new insights into the innate immune response. In previous studies, plant compounds of Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen (E.rubroloba) were demonstrated to have potential as an immunomodulators. This study aims to isolate and identify the structure of the compounds of E.rubroloba fruit that could effectively improve the function of the innate immune response in individuals with DM infected with TB. The isolation and purification of the compounds of the E.rubroloba extract were carried out by radial chromatography (RC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Identification of the isolated compound structures was determined by measuring the proton (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In vitro testing was performed on the immunomodulating activity of the extracts and isolated compounds on DM model macrophages infected with TB antigens. This study succeeded at isolating and identifying the structures of two isolate compounds, namely Sinaphyl alcohol diacetat (BER-1), and Ergosterol peroxide (BER-6). The two isolates were more effective as immunomodulators than the positive controls were, which differed significantly (* p < 0.05) at the reducing interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) protein expression and increasing the human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) protein expression in DM infected with TB. The isolated compound was discovered in E. rubroloba fruits, which has been reported to have the potential to be developed as an immunomodulatory agent. Follow-up testing to determine the mechanism and effectiveness of these compounds as immunomodulators for DM patients is required so that they are not susceptible to TB infection.
Collapse
|
3
|
Impact of HLA-B*52:01-Driven Escape Mutations on Viral Replicative Capacity. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02025-19. [PMID: 32321820 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02025-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-B*52:01 is strongly associated with protection against HIV disease progression. However, the mechanisms of HLA-B*52:01-mediated immune control have not been well studied. We here describe a cohort with a majority of HIV C-clade-infected individuals from Delhi, India, where HLA-B*52:01 is highly prevalent (phenotypic frequency, 22.5%). Consistent with studies of other cohorts, expression of HLA-B*52:01 was associated with high absolute CD4 counts and therefore a lack of HIV disease progression. We here examined the impact of HLA-B*52:01-associated viral polymorphisms within the immunodominant C clade Gag epitope RMTSPVSI (here, RI8; Gag residues 275 to 282) on viral replicative capacity (VRC) since HLA-mediated reduction in VRC is a central mechanism implicated in HLA-associated control of HIV. We observed in HLA-B*52:01-positive individuals a higher frequency of V280T, V280S, and V280A variants within RI8 (P = 0.0001). Each of these variants reduced viral replicative capacity in C clade viruses, particularly the V280A variant (P < 0.0001 in both the C clade consensus and in the Indian study cohort consensus p24 Gag backbone), which was also associated with significantly higher absolute CD4 counts in the donors (median, 941.5 cells/mm3; P = 0.004). A second HLA-B*52:01-associated mutation, K286R, flanking HLA-B*52:01-RI8, was also analyzed. Although selected in HLA-B*52:01-positive subjects often in combination with the V280X variants, this mutation did not act as a compensatory mutant but, indeed, further reduced VRC. These data are therefore consistent with previous work showing that HLA-B molecules that are associated with immune control of HIV principally target conserved epitopes within the capsid protein, escape from which results in a significant reduction in VRC.IMPORTANCE Few studies have addressed the mechanisms of immune control in HIV-infected subjects in India, where an estimated 2.7 million people are living with HIV. We focus here on a study cohort in Delhi on one of the most prevalent HLA-B alleles, HLA-B*52:01, present in 22.5% of infected individuals. HLA-B*52:01 has consistently been shown in other cohorts to be associated with protection against HIV disease progression, but studies have been limited by the low prevalence of this allele in North America and Europe. Among the C-clade-infected individuals, we show that HLA-B*52:01 is the most protective of all the HLA-B alleles expressed in the Indian cohort and is associated with the highest absolute CD4 counts. Further, we show that the mechanism by which HLA-B*52:01 mediates immune protection is, at least in part, related to the inability of HIV to evade the HLA-B*52:01-restricted p24 Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell response without incurring a significant loss to viral replicative capacity.
Collapse
|
4
|
de Sá NBR, Ribeiro-Alves M, da Silva TP, Pilotto JH, Rolla VC, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Scott-Algara D, Morgado MG, Teixeira SLM. Clinical and genetic markers associated with tuberculosis, HIV-1 infection, and TB/HIV-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome outcomes. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:59. [PMID: 31959123 PMCID: PMC6971853 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS are the leading causes of infectious disease death worldwide. In some TB-HIV co-infected individuals treated for both diseases simultaneously, a pathological inflammatory reaction termed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may occur. The risk factors for IRIS are not fully defined. We investigated the association of HLA-B, HLA-C, and KIR genotypes with TB, HIV-1 infection, and IRIS onset. METHODS Patients were divided into four groups: Group 1- TB+/HIV+ (n = 88; 11 of them with IRIS), Group 2- HIV+ (n = 24), Group 3- TB+ (n = 24) and Group 4- healthy volunteers (n = 26). Patients were followed up at INI/FIOCRUZ and HGNI (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil) from 2006 to 2016. The HLA-B and HLA-C loci were typed using SBT, NGS, and KIR genes by PCR-SSP. Unconditional logistic regression models were performed for Protection/risk estimation. RESULTS Among the individuals with TB as the outcome, KIR2DS2 was associated with increased risk for TB onset (aOR = 2.39, P = 0.04), whereas HLA-B*08 and female gender were associated with protection against TB onset (aOR = 0.23, P = 0.03, and aOR = 0.33, P = 0.01, respectively). Not carrying KIR2DL3 (aOR = 0.18, P = 0.03) and carrying HLA-C*07 (aOR = 0.32, P = 0.04) were associated with protection against TB onset among HIV-infected patients. An increased risk for IRIS onset was associated with having a CD8 count ≤500 cells/mm3 (aOR = 18.23, P = 0.016); carrying the KIR2DS2 gene (aOR = 27.22, P = 0.032), the HLA-B*41 allele (aOR = 68.84, P = 0.033), the KIR2DS1 + HLA-C2 pair (aOR = 28.58, P = 0.024); and not carrying the KIR2DL3 + HLA-C1/C2 pair (aOR = 43.04, P = 0.034), and the KIR2DL1 + HLA-C1/C2 pair (aOR = 43.04, P = 0.034), CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the participation of these genes in the immunopathogenic mechanisms related to the conditions studied. This is the first study demonstrating an association of HLA-B*41, KIR2DS2, and KIR + HLA-C pairs with IRIS onset among TB-HIV co-infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Beatriz Ramos de Sá
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365, Leonidas Deane Building, room 401, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365, Leonidas Deane Building, room 401, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jose Henrique Pilotto
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365, Leonidas Deane Building, room 401, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
- Nova Iguaçu General Hospital, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Cavalcanti Rolla
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmem B W Giacoia-Gripp
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365, Leonidas Deane Building, room 401, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Daniel Scott-Algara
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365, Leonidas Deane Building, room 401, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia Lopes Maia Teixeira
- Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365, Leonidas Deane Building, room 401, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Buteme HK, Axelsson-Robertson R, Benson L, Joloba ML, Boom WH, Kallenius G, Maeurer M. Human leukocyte antigen class 1 genotype distribution and analysis in persons with active tuberculosis and household contacts from Central Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:504. [PMID: 27659198 PMCID: PMC5034515 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the distribution of Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genotypes in a Ugandan population of persons with tuberculosis (TB) and establish the relationship between class I HLA types and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) disease. Methods Blood samples were drawn from HIV negative individuals with active TB and HIV negative household controls. DNA was extracted from blood samples and HLA typed by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method. The allelic frequencies were determined by direct count. Results HLA-A*02, B*15, C*07, C*03, B*58, C*04, A*01, A*74, C*02 and A*30 were the dominant genotypes in this Ugandan cohort. There were differences in the distribution of HLA types between the individuals with active TB and the household controls with only HLA-A*03 allele showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.017 crude; OR = 6.29 and p = 0.016; OR = 11.67 after adjustment for age). However, after applying the Benjamini and Hochberg adjustment for multiple comparisons the difference was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.374 and p = 0.176 respectively). Conclusions We identified a number of HLA class I alleles in a population from Central Uganda which will enable us to carry out a functional characterization of CD8+ T-cell mediated immune responses to MTB. Our results do not show a positive association between the HLA class I alleles and TB in this Ugandan population however the study sample was too small to draw any firm conclusions about the role of HLA class I alleles and TB development in Uganda. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1833-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Buteme
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rebecca Axelsson-Robertson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Nobels vag 16, KI Solna Campus Karolinska Institute, Box 280, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Benson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moses L Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals' Case Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 1031, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4984, USA
| | - Gunilla Kallenius
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Nobels vag 16, KI Solna Campus Karolinska Institute, Box 280, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
KIR-HLA clase i y tuberculosis pulmonar en población amerindia del Chaco, Argentina. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:565-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Association of the HLA-B*52 allele with non-progression to AIDS in Brazilian HIV-1-infected individuals. Genes Immun 2014; 15:256-62. [PMID: 24718028 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles are associated with the susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection and/or AIDS progression. Of these, the HLA-B alleles are considered the strongest genetic determinant of disease outcome. We evaluated the influence of the HLA-B alleles on AIDS progression among HIV-1-positive individuals from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who were categorized as rapid progressors (RPs), typical progressors (TPs) or long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). In this study, significant differences in HLA-B allele frequencies were observed among the three progression groups for the B*48, B*49 and B*52 alleles. After controlling for other factors associated with AIDS progression, the presence of the B*52 allele was shown to be a significant protective factor (hazard ratio (HR) 0.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27-0.90) P<0.03). Although no direct association was observed between the presence of the B*27 or B*57 allele and the LTNP profile compared with the TP or RP groups, the adjusted model confirmed that these alleles are protective factors against AIDS progression (HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.38-0.99) P<0.05), as previously described. These data corroborate the existence of significant differences in HLA-B allele frequencies among the distinct AIDS progression profiles and further elucidate the role of HLA alleles in the outcome of HIV infections in diverse populations.
Collapse
|
9
|
Devasundaram S, Deenadayalan A, Raja A. In silicoanalysis of potential human T Cell antigens fromMycobacterium tuberculosisfor the development of subunit vaccines against tuberculosis. Immunol Invest 2014; 43:137-59. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.857353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
10
|
Role of HLA class I (HLA-A, B) and HLA class II (HLA-DRB, DQB) in HIV-1 patients with and without pulmonary tuberculosis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 51:640-1. [PMID: 19628981 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181add600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Blythe MJ, Zhang Q, Vaughan K, de Castro R, Salimi N, Bui HH, Lewinsohn DM, Ernst JD, Peters B, Sette A. An analysis of the epitope knowledge related to Mycobacteria. Immunome Res 2007; 3:10. [PMID: 18081934 PMCID: PMC2228276 DOI: 10.1186/1745-7580-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality, and is responsible for more than 2 million deaths a year. Reports about extremely drug resistant (XDR) strains have further heightened the sense of urgency for the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat TB. Detailed knowledge of the epitopes recognized by immune responses can aid in vaccine and diagnostics development, and provides important tools for basic research. The analysis of epitope data corresponding to M. tuberculosis can also identify gaps in our knowledge, and suggest potential areas for further research and discovery. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) is compiled mainly from literature sources, and describes a broad array of source organisms, including M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacterial species. DESCRIPTION A comprehensive analysis of IEDB data regarding the genus Mycobacteria was performed. The distribution of antibody/B cell and T cell epitopes was analyzed in terms of their associated recognition cell type effector function and chemical properties. The various species, strains and proteins which the epitope were derived, were also examined. Additional variables considered were the host in which the epitopes were defined, the specific TB disease state associated with epitope recognition, and the HLA associated with disease susceptibility and endemic regions were also scrutinized. Finally, based on these results, standardized reference datasets of mycobacterial epitopes were generated. CONCLUSION All current TB-related epitope data was cataloged for the first time from the published literature. The resulting inventory of more than a thousand different epitopes should prove a useful tool for the broad scientific community. Knowledge gaps specific to TB epitope data were also identified. In summary, few non-peptidic or post-translationally modified epitopes have been defined. Most importantly epitopes have apparently been defined from only 7% of all ORFs, and the top 30 most frequently studied protein antigens contain 65% of the epitopes, leaving the majority of M. tuberculosis genome unexplored. A lack of information related to the specific strains from which epitopes are derived is also evident. Finally, the generation of reference lists of mycobacterial epitopes should also facilitate future vaccine and diagnostic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Blythe
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Kerrie Vaughan
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Romulo de Castro
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Nima Salimi
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Huynh-Hoa Bui
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Portland VA Medical Center/Oregon Heath and Science University, R&D 11, PVAMC, 3710 SW US Veterans Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 901, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baranathan V, Stanford MR, Vaughan RW, Kondeatis E, Graham E, Fortune F, Madanat W, Kanawati C, Ghabra M, Murray PI, Wallace GR. The association of the PTPN22 620W polymorphism with Behcet's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:1531-3. [PMID: 17660222 PMCID: PMC2111602 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.073866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the gene encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase type 22 (PTPN22 620W) has recently been described as a strong common genetic risk factor for human autoimmune disease. We have analysed the association of PTPN22 620W in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). METHODS Genomic DNA was obtained from 270 patients with BD from the UK and the Middle East. Normal controls (n = 203) were collected from the same populations. Patients with idiopathic retinal vasculitis from the UK (n = 136) were used as disease controls. PTPN22 620W was detected by SSP-PCR analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The results showed an inverse correlation between the presence of PTPN22 620W and Behçet's disease in either patient group tested. There was a greatly reduced prevalence in Middle Eastern compared to UK patients and controls. Finally, there was no association with either UK patients with retinal vasculitis compared with UK controls. CONCLUSIONS The presence of PTPN22 620W was inversely associated with BD and the distribution of the SNP in the Middle East supports previous findings in the global prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Baranathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital Medical Schools
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|