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Papa V, Galassi FM, Varotto E, Gori A, Vaccarezza M. The Evolution of Diagnostic Techniques in the Paleopathology of Tuberculosis: A Scoping Review. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:93-116. [PMID: 37900966 PMCID: PMC10603826 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient chronic infectious disease that remains a global health concern. In human remains, the most common and characteristic clinical signs are the skeletal modifications involving the spine, such as in Pott's disease. Diagnosing TB in ancient human remains is challenging. Therefore, in this systematic review, the authors investigated the studies assessing molecular diagnosis of Pott's disease in ancient human remains with the intention to survey the literature, map the evidence, and identify gaps and future perspectives on TB in paleopathology. Our systematic review offers a full contextualization of the history of Pott's disease in ancient times. Our search strategy was performed between August 2022 and March 2023. The authors initially identified 340 records, and 74 studies were finally included and assessed for qualitative analysis. Due to non-specific clinical signs associated with TB, how best to diagnose tuberculosis in human remains still represents a central point. Nevertheless, ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, lipid biomarkers, and spoligotyping might be extremely useful tools in the study of TB in human remains. Moreover, we propose the extraction and study of immune response genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity versus Mycobacterium spp. as an innovative and vastly overlooked approach in TB paleopathology. Complementary methodologies should be integrated to provide the best approach to the study of TB in human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Papa
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
- School of Science, Engineering and Health, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Galassi
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elena Varotto
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Archaeology, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea Gori
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
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Guedes L, Dias O, Neto J, Ribeiro da Silva LDP, Mendonça de Souza SMF, Iñiguez AM. First Paleogenetic Evidence of Probable Syphilis and Treponematoses Cases in the Brazilian Colonial Period. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8304129. [PMID: 30406142 PMCID: PMC6199871 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8304129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite interest in the origins of syphilis, paleopathological analysis has not provided answers, and paleogenetic diagnosis remains a challenge. Even venereal syphilis has low infectivity which means there are few circulating bacteria for most of the individual's life. Human remains recovered from the Nossa Senhora do Carmo Church (17th to 19th centuries) and the Praça XV Cemetery (18th to 19th centuries), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were subjected to Treponema paleogenetic analysis. Historical data point to endemic treponemal infections in the city, including venereal syphilis. Based on the physiopathology of Treponema pallidum infection, 25 samples, mostly from skull remains of young adults, with no visible paleopathological evidence of treponematoses, were analyzed. PCR with three molecular targets, tpp47, polA, and tpp15, were applied. Ancient DNA tpp15 sequences were recovered from two young adults from each archaeological site and revealed the polymorphism that characterizes T. p. subsp. pallidum in a female up to 18 years old, suggesting a probable case of syphilis infection. The results indicated that the epidemiological context and the physiopathology of the disease should be considered in syphilis paleogenetic detection. The findings of Treponema sp. aDNA are consistent with historical documents that describe venereal syphilis and yaws as endemic diseases in Rio de Janeiro. Data on the epidemiological characteristics of the disease and its pathophysiology offer new perspectives in paleopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Guedes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos (LABTRIP), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 – Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Ondemar Dias
- Instituto de Arqueologia Brasileira, Estr. Cruz Vermelha, 45 – Vila Santa Teresa, Belford Roxo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 26193-415, Brazil
| | - Jandira Neto
- Instituto de Arqueologia Brasileira, Estr. Cruz Vermelha, 45 – Vila Santa Teresa, Belford Roxo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 26193-415, Brazil
| | - Laura da Piedade Ribeiro da Silva
- Instituto de Arqueologia Brasileira, Estr. Cruz Vermelha, 45 – Vila Santa Teresa, Belford Roxo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 26193-415, Brazil
| | - Sheila M. F. Mendonça de Souza
- Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Alena Mayo Iñiguez
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos (LABTRIP), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 – Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
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Tuberculosis in post-contact Native Americans of Brazil: Paleopathological and paleogenetic evidence from the Tenetehara-Guajajara. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202394. [PMID: 30183732 PMCID: PMC6124704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been described in Native American populations prior to the arrival of European explorers, and in Brazilian populations dating from the Colonial Period. There are no studies demonstrating TB infection in native Brazilians, and the history and epidemiological scenario of TB in Brazil is still unknown. The aim of this study was to verify the presence of TB infection among the native Tenetehara-Guajajara population from Maranhão State, Brazil, 210 ± 40 years ago. A Tenetehara-Guajajara skeleton collection was submitted to paleopathological analysis, and rib bone samples (n = 17) were used for paleogenetic analysis based on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) targets. Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia were found in 10 and 13 individuals, respectively. Maternal ancestry analysis revealed Native American mtDNA haplogroups A and C1 in three individuals. Three samples showed osteological evidence suggestive of TB. katG and mtp40 sequences were detected in three individuals, indicating probable TB infection by two MTC lineages. Tuberculosis infection in the Tenetehara-Guajajara population since the 18th century points to a panorama of the disease resulting, most probably, from European contact. However, the important contribution of African slaves in the population of Maranhão State, could be also considered as a source of the disease. This study provides new data on TB during the Brazilian Colonial Period. This is the first report integrating paleopathological and paleogenetic data for the study of TB in Brazil.
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Perdigão J, Silva C, Diniz J, Pereira C, Machado D, Ramos J, Silva H, Abilleira F, Brum C, Reis AJ, Macedo M, Scaini JL, Silva AB, Esteves L, Macedo R, Maltez F, Clemente S, Coelho E, Viegas S, Rabna P, Rodrigues A, Taveira N, Jordao L, Kritski A, Lapa E Silva JR, Mokrousov I, Couvin D, Rastogi N, Couto I, Pain A, McNerney R, Clark TG, von Groll A, Dalla-Costa ER, Rossetti ML, Silva PEA, Viveiros M, Portugal I. Clonal expansion across the seas as seen through CPLP-TB database: A joint effort in cataloguing Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic diversity in Portuguese-speaking countries. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 72:44-58. [PMID: 29559379 PMCID: PMC6598853 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem within the Community of Portuguese Language Speaking Countries (CPLP). Despite the marked variation in TB incidence across its member-states and continued human migratory flux between countries, a considerable gap in the knowledge on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure and strain circulation between the countries still exists. To address this, we have assembled and analysed the largest CPLP M. tuberculosis molecular and drug susceptibility dataset, comprised by a total of 1447 clinical isolates, including 423 multidrug-resistant isolates, from five CPLP countries. The data herein presented reinforces Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) strains as the hallmark of M. tuberculosis populational structure in the CPLP coupled with country-specific differential prevalence of minor clades. Moreover, using high-resolution typing by 24-loci MIRU-VNTR, six cross-border genetic clusters were detected, thus supporting recent clonal expansion across the Lusophone space. To make this data available to the scientific community and public health authorities we developed CPLP-TB (available at http://cplp-tb.ff.ulisboa.pt), an online database coupled with web-based tools for exploratory data analysis. As a public health tool, it is expected to contribute to improved knowledge on the M. tuberculosis population structure and strain circulation within the CPLP, thus supporting the risk assessment of strain-specific trends. The Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP) occupies a vast geographical area. Three CPLP countries are shortlisted in the WHO's list of Top 30 high-burden countries. Common Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure denote historical strain flow. Cross-border clusters suggest recent intercontinental tuberculosis transmission. CPLP-TB: a novel strain database and framework for collaborative studies and strain tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Perdigão
- iMed.ULisboa - Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carla Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jaciara Diniz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Catarina Pereira
- iMed.ULisboa - Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Machado
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ramos
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Abilleira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarice Brum
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana J Reis
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Macedo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João L Scaini
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana B Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Esteves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rita Macedo
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Maltez
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Clemente
- Hospital da Divina Providência, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Luanda, Angola
| | - Elizabeth Coelho
- Programa Nacional de Controlo da Tuberculose, Ministério da Saúde de Moçambique, Mozambique
| | - Sofia Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde de Moçambique, Mozambique
| | - Paulo Rabna
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Projecto de Saúde de Bandim (INASA/PSB), Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Amabélia Rodrigues
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Projecto de Saúde de Bandim (INASA/PSB), Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Nuno Taveira
- iMed.ULisboa - Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luísa Jordao
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Afrânio Kritski
- Academic Tuberculosis Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José R Lapa E Silva
- Thoracic Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics (former Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology), St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David Couvin
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, Tuberculosis and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Isabel Couto
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruth McNerney
- Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Taane G Clark
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elis R Dalla-Costa
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Rossetti
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA/RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro E A Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa - Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Jaeger LH, Gijón-Botella H, Del Carmen Del Arco-Aguilar M, Martín-Oval M, Rodríguez-Maffiotte C, Del Arco-Aguilar M, Araújo A, Iñiguez AM. Evidence of Helminth Infection in Guanche Mummies: Integrating Paleoparasitological and Paleogenetic Investigations. J Parasitol 2015; 102:222-8. [PMID: 26641720 DOI: 10.1645/15-866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Guanches, ancient inhabitants of the Canary Islands, Spain, practiced mummification of their dead. A paleoparasitological and paleogenetic analysis was conducted on mummified bodies (n = 6) (AD 1200, Cal BP 750) belonging to the Guanche culture from Gran Canaria Island. Coprolite and sediment samples (n = 19) were removed from below the abdominal region or sacral foramina. The samples were rehydrated in 0.5% trisodium phosphate solution for 72 hr at 4 C, and the paleoparasitological investigation was conducted by spontaneous sedimentation method and microscopic examination. The results revealed the presence of well-preserved eggs of Ascaris sp., Trichuris trichiura , Enterobius vermicularis , and hookworms. Ancient DNA was extracted from sediment samples to elucidate the ancestry of the mummies and for molecular detection of Ascaris sp. infection. Results of paleogenetic analysis demonstrated Ascaris sp. infection using 2 molecular targets, cytb and nad1. The mtDNA haplotypes U6b, U6b1, and HV were identified, which confirmed records of Guanche ancestry. The excellent preservation of Guanche mummies facilitated the paleoparasitological and paleogenetic study, the results of which contribute to our knowledge of Guanche culture and their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Herminia Gijón-Botella
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - María Del Carmen Del Arco-Aguilar
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Martín-Oval
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Conrado Rodríguez-Maffiotte
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Del Arco-Aguilar
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adauto Araújo
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alena Mayo Iñiguez
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
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Tuberculous spondylitis in Russia and prominent role of multidrug-resistant clone Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing B0/W148. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2349-57. [PMID: 25645851 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04221-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrapulmonary and, in particular, spinal tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a minor but significant part of the total TB incidence. In spite of this, almost no studies on the genetic diversity and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from spinal TB patients have been published to date. Here, we report results of the first Russian and globally largest molecular study of M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from patients with tuberculous spondylitis (TBS). The majority of 107 isolates were assigned to the Beijing genotype (n = 80); the other main families were T (n = 11), Ural (n = 7), and LAM (n = 4). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was more frequently found among Beijing (90.5%) and, intriguingly, Ural (71.4%) isolates than other genotypes (5%; P < 0.001). The extremely drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype was exclusively found in the Beijing isolates (n = 7). A notable prevalence of the rpoB531 and katG315 mutations in Beijing strains that were similarly high in both TBS (this study) and published pulmonary TB (PTB) samples from Russia shows that TBS and PTB Beijing strains follow the same paradigm of acquisition of rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistance. The 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) subtyping of 80 Beijing isolates further discriminated them into 24 types (Hunter Gaston index [HGI] = 0.83); types 100-32 and 94-32 represented the largest groups. A genotype of Russian successful clone B0/W148 was identified in 30 of 80 Beijing isolates. In conclusion, this study highlighted a crucial impact of the Beijing genotype and the especially prominent role of its MDR-associated successful clone B0/W148 cluster in the development of spinal MDR-TB in Russian patients.
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Jaeger LH, Iñiguez AM. Molecular paleoparasitological hybridization approach as effective tool for diagnosing human intestinal parasites from scarce archaeological remains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105910. [PMID: 25162694 PMCID: PMC4146586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleoparasitology is the science that uses parasitological techniques for diagnosing parasitic diseases in the past. Advances in molecular biology brought new insights into this field allowing the study of archaeological material. However, due to technical limitations a proper diagnosis and confirmation of the presence of parasites is not always possible, especially in scarce and degraded archaeological remains. In this study, we developed a Molecular Paleoparasitological Hybridization (MPH) approach using ancient DNA (aDNA) hybridization to confirm and complement paleoparasitological diagnosis. Eight molecular targets from four helminth parasites were included: Ascaris sp., Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, and Strongyloides stercoralis. The MPH analysis using 18th century human remains from Praça XV cemetery (CPXV), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, revealed for the first time the presence E. vermicularis aDNA (50%) in archaeological sites of Brazil. Besides, the results confirmed T. trichiura and Ascaris sp. infections. The prevalence of infection by Ascaris sp. and E. vermicularis increased considerably when MPH was applied. However, a lower aDNA detection of T. trichiura (40%) was observed when compared to the diagnosis by paleoparasitological analysis (70%). Therefore, based on these data, we suggest a combination of Paleoparasitological and MPH approaches to verify the real panorama of intestinal parasite infection in human archeological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alena Mayo Iñiguez
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Jaeger LH, de Souza SMFM, Dias OF, Iñiguez AM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in remains of 18th-19th century slaves, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:837-9. [PMID: 23697340 PMCID: PMC3647487 DOI: 10.3201/eid1905.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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