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Ceolotto N, Jagadeesan K, Xu L, Standerwick R, Robertson M, Barden R, Barnett J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Assessment of restriction measures implemented during COVID pandemics on community lifestyle choices via wastewater-based epidemiology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134264. [PMID: 38640675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected lifestyle habits, and the mental health and wellbeing of people around the world. In this manuscript, two towns (Paulton and Radstock) and two cities (Bath and Bristol) in Southwest England (> 1 million people) were monitored for two years using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology to assess impacts of COVID (including management measures such as lockdowns and movement restrictions) on community lifestyle choices: illicit drugs, legal stimulants, abused pharmaceuticals and pain pharma usage. Results were triangulated with key dates captured during the pandemic (national lockdowns, restrictions and social distancing measures, etc.). This highlighted a reduction in cocaine intake (as benzoylecgonine) (community average: -36 %) during the first lockdown and an increase in illicit drugs usage after the 3rd national lockdown (community averages for amphetamine: +8 %, cocaine/benzoylecgonine: +39 %, ketamine:+70 %) when restrictions were removed, and social interaction and recreational activities increased. There was a reduction in the intake of caffeine (as 1,7-dimethylxanthine) (community average:-39 %) after 3rd national lockdown coinciding with pubs reopening while nicotine intake (via cotinine) remained stable indicating lack of impact of COVID on smoking habits. Pain pharma often used in pain management resulting from injuries linked with sport activities (naproxen and diclofenac) showed decrease in usage due to lockdown restrictions in physical exercise and access to gyms/sport facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ceolotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Institute for Sustainability, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Like Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard Standerwick
- Wessex Water, Bath BA2 7WW, UK; Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Julie Barnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Institute for Sustainability, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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2
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Ceolotto N, Jagadeesan K, Xu L, Standerwick R, Robertson M, Barden R, Barnett J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Understanding treatment of pain during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a two-year intercity longitudinal study using wastewater-based epidemiology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134121. [PMID: 38636235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a significant impact on the society, economy, and health of people around the world with consequences that need to be better understood for future pandemic preparedness. This manuscript provides insights into the usage of pharmaceuticals for pain treatment management throughout SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Four towns and cities with a total population of > 1 million people covering an area of 2000 km2 in South West England were monitored for twenty-four months. Results showed different patterns in pain pharma usage, with small towns having higher population normalised daily loads (PNDLs) than big cities for majority of pain killers studied. This is likely due to demographics of these cities with smaller cities having older population. Per capita consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increased compared to pre-pandemic usage in line with SARS-CoV-2 infections (ibuprofen and acetaminophen), while body pain drugs (diclofenac and naproxen) decreased in line with restrictions and closure of sports facilities. Changes in population normalised daily intake (PNDI) of pain killers were particularly apparent during the 1st and 3rd national lockdown. Comparison of PNDIs with prescriptions highlighted differences related to medication availability (OTC drugs) and patients' nonadherence (prescribed drugs). In addition, several instances of direct disposal events across the catchments were observed which raises an issue of lack of pharma compliance and general understanding of potential environmental impacts from pharma usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ceolotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Institute for Sustainability, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Like Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard Standerwick
- Wessex Water, Bath BA2 7WW, UK; Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Julie Barnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Elmeniar AM, Osman MA, El-Gizawy SA, Modi D, Charbe NB, El-Kattan AF, El-Tanani M, Haggag YA, Tambuwala MM. In situ evaluation of the impact of metformin or verapamil coadministration with vildagliptin on its regional absorption from the rabbit's intestine. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2024; 45:71-82. [PMID: 38400763 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to identify regional differences in vildagliptin absorption across the intestinal membrane. Furthermore, it was to investigate the effect of verapamil or metformin on vildagliptin absorptive clearance. The study utilized an in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique to determine vildagliptin oral absorption from duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending colon. This was conducted both with and without perfusion of metformin or verapamil. The findings revealed that the vildagliptin absorptive clearance per unit length varied by site and was in the order as follows: ileum < jejunum < duodenum < ascending colon, implying that P-gp is significant in the reduction of vildagliptin absorption. Also, the arrangement cannot reverse intestinal P-gp, but the observations suggest that P-gp is significant in reducing vildagliptin absorption. Verapamil co-perfusion significantly increased the vildagliptin absorptive clearance by 2.4 and 3.2 fold through the jejunum and ileum, respectively. Metformin co-administration showed a non-significant decrease in vildagliptin absorptive clearance through all tested segments. Vildagliptin absorption was site-dependent and may be related to the intestinal P-glycoprotein content. This may aid in understanding the important elements that influence vildagliptin absorption, besides drug-drug interactions that can occur in type 2 diabetic patients taking vildagliptin in conjunction with other drugs that can modify the P-glycoprotein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elmeniar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science & Technology, Belkas, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dimple Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yusuf A Haggag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Lincoln Medical School - Universities of Nottingham and Lincoln, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
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Bahgat EA, Hashem H, Saleh H, Kamel EB, Eissa MS. Exciting Advances in Sustainable Spectrophotometric Micro-Quantitation of an Innovative Painkiller "Tramadol and Celecoxib" Mixture in the Presence of a Toxic Impurity, Promoting Greenness and Whiteness Studies. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:362-370. [PMID: 38070148 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tramadol (TRM) and celecoxib (CLX) form a novel mixture that helps relieve acute pain when other painkillers have no action. It is also reported that these drugs, TRM and CLX, are used to control COVID-19 symptoms. OBJECTIVE The current work highlights three important pillars of modern pharmaceutical analysis, which are as follows; impurity profiling, greenness/whiteness studies and simplicity accompanied by sensitivity. Since 4-methyl acetophenone inhibits the human carbonyl reductase enzyme (type I) and since this compound may pose a health risk, it is crucial to regulate its concentration in all dosage forms of CLX. METHODS Two simple and green spectrophotometric methods were developed, namely third derivative (D3) and Fourier self- deconvulation (FSD), for resolving severely overlapped spectra of TRM and CLX in the presence of 4-methyl acetophenone (4-MAP) as a process-related impurity in their novel tablet combination. RESULTS The two approaches showed acceptable linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient. In both methods, TRM was measured when CLX and 4-methyl acetophenone were zero-crossing. The same procedure was applied for measuring CLX and its process-related impurity 4-MAP. CONCLUSION The methodologies developed were thoroughly validated in compliance with ICH (International Council on Harmonisation) guidelines. Student t- and F-tests revealed no statistically significant variation among the current methods and the reported method. HIGHLIGHTS No spectrophotometric methods have been published previously for the simultaneous analysis of TRM and CLX along with 4-MAP. As a result, the newly developed spectrophotometric approaches have great relevance and originality in the field of pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bahgat
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hisham Hashem
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Saleh
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebraam B Kamel
- Egyptian Russian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Egyptian Russian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
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Stipaničev D, Dragun Z, Repec S, Ivanković D, Barac F, Kiralj Z, Kralj T, Valić D. Dynamics of drug contamination of the river-water in the rural, semirural and urban areas of the Mrežnica River in Croatia during COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93652-93666. [PMID: 37515617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Increased contamination of aquatic ecosystems with pharmaceuticals could have been expected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Surface water from three domains (rural, semirural, urban) of the Mrežnica River (Croatia) was screened for 253 pharmaceuticals by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS. At the beginning of the pandemic, the highest concentration of drugs (excluding veterinary) was detected at urban site (291.4 ng/L), followed by semirural (186.5 ng/L) and rural (141.6 ng/L). With the progression of pandemic, contamination increase was observed at all sites, but it was the most obvious at semirural (approximately 400-700 ng/L). The most pronounced concentration increases were observed for non-opioid analgesics, especially ibuprofen. In September 2021, the first notable occurrence of opioid analgesics was recorded. The most represented group of pharmaceuticals at the start of the pandemic (May 2020) was generally stimulants (caffeine, cotinine). In September 2021, the predominant group was analgesics at all sites (45-84%), whereas stimulants decreased to undetectable levels. The results of this study indicated that the epidemiological measures and medical treatments that were widely imposed/applied caused notable increase of the surface water contamination with drugs of a small river with limited dilution capacity, indirectly pointing to the changes that occurred in the behaviour and habits of the inhabitants of the affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Draženka Stipaničev
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Siniša Repec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Barac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Kiralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Valić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ramadan HS, Salam RAA, Hadad GM, Belal F, Salim MM. Eco-friendly simultaneous multi-spectrophotometric estimation of the newly approved drug combination of celecoxib and tramadol hydrochloride tablets in its dosage form. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11716. [PMID: 37474596 PMCID: PMC10359252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved co-formulated celecoxib and tramadol for the treatment of acute pain in adults. Three spectrophotometric methods were efficiently applied to estimate the co-formulated Celecoxib and Tramadol in their tablets; second derivative 2D-spectrophotometry technique (method I), induced dual-wavelength technique (method II) and dual-wavelength resolution technique (method III). The proposed methods were successfully validated following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and statistically assessed based on the correlation coefficients, relative standard deviations as well as detection and quantitation limits. The obtained results revealed non-significant differences compared to the reported results as revealed by the variance ratio F test and Student t test. Moreover, the applied techniques were further assessed concerning their greenness based on the analytical eco-scale method revealing an excellent green scale with a final score of 95. The proposed spectrophotometric techniques could be applied for the routine analysis and quality control of the studied drugs in their dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Sameh Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University- Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Randa A Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Salim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University- Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Savic Vujovic K, Zivkovic A, Dozic I, Cirkovic A, Medic B, Srebro D, Vuckovic S, Milovanovic J, Jotic A. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers in Postoperative Pain Modulation in Surgically Treated Patients with Laryngeal Cancer-Pilot Study. Cells 2023; 12:1391. [PMID: 37408225 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma includes different types of laryngectomies with neck dissection. Surgical tissue damage triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory molecules. This increases reactive oxygen species production and decreases antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to postoperative oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; superoxide dismutase, SOD) and inflammation (interleukin 1, IL-1; interleukin-6, IL-6; C-reactive protein, CRP) parameters and postoperative pain management in patients surgically treated with laryngeal cancer. (2) Methods: This prospective study included 28 patients with surgically treated laryngeal cancer. Blood samples were taken for the analysis of oxidative stress and inflammation parameters before the operative treatment and after the operative treatment (1st postoperative day and 7th postoperative day). The concentrations of MDA, SOD, GPX, IL-1, IL-6, and CRP in the serum were determined by coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment. (3) Results and conclusion: There was a correlation between oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers and postoperative pain modulation in surgically treated patients with laryngeal cancer. Age, more extensive surgery, CRP values, and use of tramadol were predictors for oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Savic Vujovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Zivkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, P.O. Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Dozic
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica-Starijeg 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andja Cirkovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava Medic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Srebro
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Vuckovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, P.O. Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Jotic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, P.O. Box 38, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Therapeutic Potential of the Purinergic System in Major Depressive Disorder Associated with COVID-19. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:621-637. [PMID: 35348977 PMCID: PMC8960668 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is closely related to the development of depression, since the latter is caused, among other factors, by inflammatory processes, mainly related to the activation of microglia and expression of specific genes, which occurs during the neuroinflammatory process. Thus, COVID-19 is an important risk factor for the development of depression, since in addition to generating the feeling of stress, which also increases the activity of the immune system, it is also the cause of pathological processes and physiological ones that lead to the development of neuroinflammation, microglial activation, gene expression dysfunction and decreased concentration of available serotonin. That said, drugs are being used to combat COVID-19 to reduce the oxidative stress presented in the disease. Thus, tramadol and fluoxetine are highlighted as drugs used, however, although they present some positive results, such as the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, they are also associated with negative effects such as dependence, pulmonary, cardiac and brain impairment. From this, the purinergic system is highlighted in the literature as a possible therapeutic target. This is because its mechanisms are related to the regulation of microglia, astrocytes and the physiology of important neurotransmitters and hormones. Added to this, there is a modulation of inflammatory activity, especially with regard to the P2X7 receptors of this system. The latter is an important target for the treatment of depression and COVID-19, since positive results were obtained through the genetic exclusion of this receptor and the use of selective antagonists.
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SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Current Vaccines and Therapeutic Implications for COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091538. [PMID: 36146616 PMCID: PMC9504858 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of infections, resulting in an unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the virus spreads through the population, ongoing mutations and adaptations are being discovered. There is now substantial clinical evidence that demonstrates the SARS-CoV-2 variants have stronger transmissibility and higher virulence compared to the wild-type strain of SARS-CoV-2. Hence, development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants to boost individual immunity has become essential. However, current treatment options are limited for COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this review, we describe current distribution, variation, biology, and clinical features of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants (including Alpha (B.1.1.7 Lineage) variant, Beta (B.1.351 Lineage) variant, Gamma (P.1 Lineage) variant, Delta (B.1.617.2 Lineage) variant, and Omicron (B.1.1.529 Lineage) variant and others. In addition, we review currently employed vaccines in clinical or preclinical phases as well as potential targeted therapies in an attempt to provide better preventive and treatment strategies for COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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10
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Zhang P, Wei Z, Che C, Jin B. DeepMGT-DTI: Transformer network incorporating multilayer graph information for Drug-Target interaction prediction. Comput Biol Med 2022; 142:105214. [PMID: 35030496 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction reduces the cost and time of drug development, and plays a vital role in drug discovery. However, most of research does not fully explore the molecular structures of drug compounds in DTI prediction. To this end, we propose a deep learning model to capture the molecular structure information of drug compounds for DTI prediction. This model utilizes a transformer network incorporating multilayer graph information, which captures the features of a drug's molecular structure so that the interactions between atoms of drug compounds can be explored more deeply. At the same time, a convolutional neural network is employed to capture the local residue information in the target sequence, and effectively extract the feature information of the target. The experiments on the DrugBank dataset showed that the proposed model outperformed previous models based on the structure of target sequences. The results indicate that the improved transformer network fuses the feature information between layers in the graph convolutional neural network and extracts the interaction data for the molecular structure. The drug repositioning experiment on COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease demonstrated the proposed model's ability to find therapeutic drugs in drug discovery. The code of our model is available at https://github.com/zhangpl109/DeepMGT-DTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing (Dalian University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116622, China.
| | - Ziqi Wei
- School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chao Che
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing (Dalian University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116622, China.
| | - Bo Jin
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Eagleton M, Stokes S, Fenton F, Keenan E. Therapeutic potential of long-acting opioids and opioid antagonists for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:e212-e214. [PMID: 34556330 PMCID: PMC8418909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiona Fenton
- HSE National Drug Treatment Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eamon Keenan
- Health Service Executive, National Social Inclusion Office, Dublin, Ireland
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