Combined effects of operational parameters on electro-ultrafiltration process characteristics

Electrochemical-based processes for produced water and oily wastewater treatment: A review

The greatest volume of by-products produced in oil and gas recovery operations is referred to as produced water and increasing environmental concerns and strict legislations on discharging it into the environment cause to more attention for focusing on degradation methods for treatment of produced water especially electrochemical technologies. This article provides an overview of electrochemical technologies for treating oily wastewater and produced water, including: electro-coagulation, electro-Fenton, electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical membrane reactor as a single stage and combination of these technologies as multi-stage treatment process. Many researchers have carried out experiments to examine the impact of various factors such as material (i.e, electrode material) and operational conditions (i.e., potential, current density, pH, electrode distance, and other factors) for organic elimination to obtain the high efficiency. Results of each method are reviewed and discussed according to these studies, comprehensively. Furthermore, several challenges need to be overcome and perspectives for future study are proposed for each method.

Emerging technologies for enhanced removal of residual antibiotics from source-separated urine and wastewaters: A review

Antibiotic residues are of significant concern in the ecosystem because of their capacity to mediate antibiotic resistance development among environmental microbes. This paper reviews recent technologies for the abatement of antibiotics from human urine and wastewaters. Antibiotics are widely distributed in the aquatic environment as a result of the discharge of municipal sewage. Their existence is a cause for worry due to the potential ecological impact (for instance, antibiotic resistance) on bacteria in the background. Numerous contaminants that enter wastewater treatment facilities and the aquatic environment, as a result, go undetected. Sludge can act as a medium for some chemicals to concentrate while being treated as wastewater. The most sewage sludge that has undergone treatment is spread on agricultural land without being properly checked for pollutants. The fate of antibiotic residues in soils is hence poorly understood. The idea of the Separation of urine at the source has recently been propagated as a measure to control the flow of pharmaceutical residues into centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). With the ever increasing acceptance of urine source separation practices, visibility and awareness on dedicated treatement technologies is needed. Human urine, as well as conventional WWTPs, are point sources of pharmaceutical micropollutants contributing to the ubiquitous detection of pharmaceutical residues in the receiving water bodies. Focused post-treatment of source-separated urine includes distillation and nitrification, ammonia stripping, and adsorption processes. Other reviewed methods include physical and biological treatment methods, advanced oxidation processes, and a host of combination treatment methods. All these are aimed at ensuring minimized risk products are returned to the environment.

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes coupled with membrane filtration for degrading antibiotic residues: A review on its potential applications, advances, and challenges

Antibiotic pollution is mainly caused by aquaculture wastewater and pharmaceuticals, which are frequently used by humans. Due to limited treatment efficiency or improper selection of treatment methods, these antibiotic residues may be very harmful in human drinking water and aquatic environments. The EAOPs coupling membrane technology (EAOPs-membrane) can play their own advantages, which can significantly improve the degradation efficiency and alleviate membrane pollution (electrochemical manners). In this context, this review mainly collecting researches and information on EAOPs-membrane treatment of antibiotic pollution published between 2012 and 2020. Discussed the different combinations of these two technologies, the mechanism of them in the system to improve the processing efficiency, prolong the working time, and stabilize the system structure. Mainly due to the synergistic effect of electrochemical behavior such as electric repulsion and in-situ oxidation, the membrane fouling in the system is alleviated. In this review it was summarized that the selection of different membrane electrode materials and their modifications. The paper also elaborates the existing challenges facing the EAOPs-membrane methods for antibiotic pollution treatment, and their prospects.