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Roy Barman S, Gavit P, Chowdhury S, Chatterjee K, Nain A. 3D-Printed Materials for Wastewater Treatment. JACS AU 2023; 3:2930-2947. [PMID: 38034974 PMCID: PMC10685417 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing levels of water pollution pose an imminent threat to human health and the environment. Current modalities of wastewater treatment necessitate expensive instrumentation and generate large amounts of waste, thus failing to provide ecofriendly and sustainable solutions for water purification. Over the years, novel additive manufacturing technology, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has propelled remarkable innovation in different disciplines owing to its capability to fabricate customized geometric objects rapidly and cost-effectively with minimal byproducts and hence undoubtedly emerged as a promising alternative for wastewater treatment. Especially in membrane technology, 3D printing enables the designing of ultrathin membranes and membrane modules layer-by-layer with different morphologies, complex hierarchical structures, and a wide variety of materials otherwise unmet using conventional fabrication strategies. Extensive research has been dedicated to preparing membrane spacers with excellent surface properties, potentially improving the membrane filtration performance for water remediation. The revolutionary developments in membrane module fabrication have driven the utilization of 3D printing approaches toward manufacturing advanced membrane components, including biocarriers, sorbents, catalysts, and even whole membranes. This perspective highlights recent advances and essential outcomes in 3D printing technologies for wastewater treatment. First, different 3D printing techniques, such as material extrusion, selective laser sintering (SLS), and vat photopolymerization, emphasizing membrane fabrication, are briefly discussed. Importantly, in this Perspective, we focus on the unique 3D-printed membrane modules, namely, feed spacers, biocarriers, sorbents, and so on. The unparalleled advantages of 3D printed membrane components in surface area, geometry, and thickness and their influence on antifouling, removal efficiency, and overall membrane performance are underlined. Moreover, the salient applications of 3D printing technologies for water desalination, oil-water separation, heavy metal and organic pollutant removal, and nuclear decontamination are also outlined. This Perspective summarizes the recent works, current limitations, and future outlook of 3D-printed membrane technologies for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Roy Barman
- Department
of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Pratik Gavit
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Saswat Chowdhury
- Department
of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Amit Nain
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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Ilyas A, Vankelecom IFJ. Designing sustainable membrane-based water treatment via fouling control through membrane interface engineering and process developments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 312:102834. [PMID: 36634445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based water treatment processes have been established as a powerful approach for clean water production. However, despite the significant advances made in terms of rejection and flux, provision of sustainable and energy-efficient water production is restricted by the inevitable issue of membrane fouling, known to be the major contributor to the elevated operating costs due to frequent chemical cleaning, increased transmembrane resistance, and deterioration of permeate flux. This review provides an overview of fouling control strategies in different membrane processes, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, membrane bioreactors, and desalination via reverse osmosis and forward osmosis. Insights into the recent advancements are discussed and efforts made in terms of membrane development, modules arrangement, process optimization, feed pretreatment, and fouling monitoring are highlighted to evaluate their overall impact in energy- and cost-effective water treatment. Major findings in four key aspects are presented, including membrane surface modification, modules design, process integration, and fouling monitoring. Among the above mentioned anti-fouling strategies, a large part of research has been focused on membrane surface modifications using a number of anti-fouling materials whereas much less research has been devoted to membrane module advancements and in-situ fouling monitoring and control. At the end, a critical analysis is provided for each anti-fouling strategy and a rationale framework is provided for design of efficient membranes and process for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ilyas
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Percin K, Hereijgers J, Mulandi N, Breugelmans T, Wessling M. Titanium‐Based Static Mixer Electrodes to Improve the Current Density of Slurry Electrodes**. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202200928. [PMID: 37082101 PMCID: PMC10108113 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Complex geometries for electrodes are a great challenge in electrochemical applications. Slurry electrodes have been one example, which use complex flow distributors to improve the charge transfer between the current collector and the slurry particles. Here we use titanium-based flow distributors produced by indirect 3D-printing to improve further the electron transfer from highly conductive flow distributors to the slurry particles for a vanadium redox flow application. The titanium static mixers are directly coated with graphite to increase the activity for vanadium redox reactions. Increasing layers of graphite have shown an optimum for the positive and negative electrolytes. The application of heat treatment on the electrodes improves the anodic and cathodic current peaks drastically. Testing the highly conductive static mixers in a self-made redox flow cell results in 110 mA cm-2 discharge polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korcan Percin
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jonas Hereijgers
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Nicolas Mulandi
- RWTH Aachen University Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
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Lin W, Wang Q, Sun L, Wang D, Cabrera J, Li D, Hu L, Jiang G, Wang XM, Huang X. The critical role of feed spacer channel porosity in membrane biofouling: Insights and implications. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baitalow K, Wypysek D, Leuthold M, Weisshaar S, Lölsberg J, Wessling M. A mini-module with built-in spacers for high-throughput ultrafiltration. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lin W, Zhang Y, Li D, Wang XM, Huang X. Roles and performance enhancement of feed spacer in spiral wound membrane modules for water treatment: A 20-year review on research evolvement. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117146. [PMID: 33945947 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment, wastewater reclamation and seawater desalination. Feed spacer present in spiral wound membrane (SWM) modules plays a pivotal role in creating flow channels, promoting fluid mixing and enhancing mass transfer. However, it induces the increase of feed channel pressure (FCP) drop and localized stagnant zones that provokes membrane fouling. For the first time, we comprehensively review the research evolvement on feed spacer in SWM modules for water treatment over the last 20 years, to reveal the impacts of feed spacer on the hydrodynamics and biofouling in the spacer-filled channel, and to discuss the potential approaches and current limitations for the modification of feed spacer. The research process can be divided into three phases, with research focus shifting from hydrodynamics in Phase Ⅰ (the year of 2001-2008), to biofouling in Phase Ⅱ (the year of 2009-2015), and then to novel spacer designs in Phase Ⅲ (the year of 2016-2020). The spacer configuration has a momentous impact on the hydraulic performance regarding flow velocity field, shear stress, mass transfer and FCP drop. Biofouling initially occurs on feed spacer, especially around spacer filaments and the contact zones with membrane surface, and ultimately degrades the overall membrane performance indicating the importance of controlling spacer biofouling. The modification of feed spacer is mainly achieved by altering surface chemistry or introducing novel configurations. However, the stability of spacer coating and the economy and practicality of 3D-printed spacer remain a predicament to be tackled. Future studies are suggested to focus on the standardization of testing conditions for spacer evaluation, the effect of hydrodynamics on membrane fouling control, the design and fabrication of novel feed spacer adaptable for SWM modules, the application of feed spacer for drinking water production, organic fouling control in spacer-filled channel and the role of permeate spacer on membrane performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Danyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Park S, Jeong YD, Lee JH, Kim J, Jeong K, Cho KH. 3D printed honeycomb-shaped feed channel spacer for membrane fouling mitigation in nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aschmoneit F, Hélix-Nielsen C. Submerged-helical module design for pressure retarded osmosis:A conceptual study using computational fluid dynamics. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Koo JW, Ho JS, An J, Zhang Y, Chua CK, Chong TH. A review on spacers and membranes: Conventional or hybrid additive manufacturing? WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116497. [PMID: 33075598 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) technology has seen great advancement in many aspects such as printing resolution, speed and cost. Membranes for water treatment experienced significant breakthroughs owing to the unique benefits of additive manufacturing. In particular, 3D printing's high degree of freedom in various aspects such as material and prototype design has helped to fabricate innovative spacers and membranes. However, there were conflicting reports on the feasibility of 3D printing, especially for membranes. Some research groups stated that technology limitations today made it impossible to 3D print membranes, but others showed that it was possible by successfully fabricating prototypes. This paper will provide a critical and comprehensive discussion on 3D printing specifically for spacers and membranes. Various 3D printing techniques will be introduced, and their suitability for membrane and spacer fabrication will be discussed. It will be followed by a review of past studies associated with 3D-printed spacers and membranes. A new category of additive manufacturing in the membrane water industry will be introduced here, known as hybrid additive manufacturing, to address the controversies of 3D printing for membrane. As AM technology continues to advance, its possibilities in the water treatment is limitless. Some insightful future trends will be provided at the end of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wee Koo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141; Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Jia Shin Ho
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Yi Zhang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Tzyy Haur Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
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11
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Toh K, Liang Y, Lau W, Fletcher D. CFD study of the effect of perforated spacer on pressure loss and mass transfer in spacer-filled membrane channels. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Percin K, van der Zee B, Wessling M. On the Resistances of a Slurry Electrode Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. ChemElectroChem 2020; 7:2165-2172. [PMID: 32612903 PMCID: PMC7319485 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied the half-cell performance of a slurry-based vanadium redox flow battery via the polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. First, the conductive static mixers are examined and lower ohmic and diffusion resistances are shown. Further analyses of the slurry electrodes for the catholyte (VO2+-VO2 +) and anolyte (V3+-V2+) are presented for the graphite powder slurry containing up to 15.0 wt.% particle content. Overall, the anolyte persists as the more resistive half-cell, while ohmic and diffusion-related limitations are the dominating resistances for both electrolytes. The battery is further improved by the addition of Ketjen black nanoparticles, which results in lower cell resistances. The best results are achieved when 0.5 wt.% Ketjen black nanoparticles are dispersed with graphite powder since the addition of nanoparticles reduces ohmic, charge transfer and mass diffusion resistances by improving particle-particle dynamics. The results prove the importance of understanding resistances in a slurry electrode system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korcan Percin
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process EngineeringForckenbeckstr. 5152074AachenGermany
| | - Bart van der Zee
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Chemical EngineeringOude Markt 133000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process EngineeringForckenbeckstr. 5152074AachenGermany
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Formation of Microfiltration Membranes from PMP/PIB Blends: Effect of PIB Molecular Weight on Membrane Properties. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10010009. [PMID: 31947785 PMCID: PMC7022575 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of microfiltration membranes were fabricated by the extraction of polyisobutylene (PIB) from its immiscible blends with polymethylpentene (PMP). Three PIB with different molecular weight of 7.5 × 104 (Oppanol B15), 34 × 104 (Oppanol B50) and 110 × 104 (Oppanol B100) g/mol, respectively, were used to evaluate the effect of molecular weight on the porous structure and transport properties of resulting PMP-based membranes. To mimic the conditions of 3D printing, the flat-sheet membranes were fabricated by means of melting of mixtures of various PMP and PIB concentrations through the hot rolls at 240 °C followed by a quick cooling. The rheology study of individual components and blends at 240 °C revealed that PIB B50 possessed the most close flow curve to the pure PMP, and their blends demonstrated the lowest viscosity comparing to the compositions made of PIB with other molecular weights (B15 or B100). SEM images of the cross-section PMP membranes after PIB extraction (PMP/PIB = 55/45) showed that the use of PIB B50 allowed obtaining the sponge-like porous structure, whereas the slit-shaped pores were found in the case of PIB B15 and PIB B100. Additionally, PMP/B50 blends demonstrated the optimum combinations of mechanical properties (σstr = 9.1 MPa, E = 0.20 GPa), adhesion to steel (σadh = 0.8 kPa) and retention performance (R240 nm = 99%, R38 nm = 39%). The resulting membranes were non- or low-permeable for water if the concentration of PIB B50 in the initial blends was 40 wt.% or lower. The optimal filtration performance was observed in the case of PMP/B50 blends with a ratio of 55/45 (Pwater = 1.9 kg/m2hbar, R240 nm = 99%, R38 nm = 39%) and 50/50 (Pwater = 1100 kg/m2hbar, R240 nm = 91%, R38 nm = 36%).
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Ignatenko VY, Anokhina TS, Ilyin SO, Kostyuk AV, Bakhtin DS, Antonov SV, Volkov AV. Fabrication of microfiltration membranes from polyisobutylene/polymethylpentene blends. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Y Ignatenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana S Anokhina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergey O Ilyin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Kostyuk
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Danila S Bakhtin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Antonov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Volkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
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Rahmawati R, Bilad MR, Laziz AM, Nordin NAHM, Jusoh N, Putra ZA, Mahlia TMI, Jaafar J. Finned spacer for efficient membrane fouling control in produced water filtration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109359. [PMID: 31404857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane based technologies are highly reliable for water and wastewater treatment, including for removal of total oil and grease from produced water. However, performances of the pressure driven processes are highly restricted by membrane fouling and the application of traditional air bubbling system is limited by their low shear stress due to poor contacts with the membrane surface. This study develops and assesses a novel finned spacer, placed in between vertical panel, for membrane fouling control in submerged plate-and-frame module system for real produced water filtration. Results show that permeability of the panel is enhanced by 87% from 201 to 381 L/(m2 h bar). The spacer system can be operated in switching mode to accommodate two-sided panel aeration. This leads to panel permeability increment by 22% higher than the conventional vertical system. The mechanisms of finned spacer in encouraging the flow trajectory was proven by visual observation and flow simulation. The fins alter the air bubbles flow trajectory toward the membrane surface to effectively scour-off the foulant. Overall results demonstrate the efficacy of the developed spacer in projecting the air bubble trajectory toward the membrane surface and thus significantly enhances membrane panel productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratri Rahmawati
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M R Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Afiq Mohd Laziz
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - N A H M Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Norwahyu Jusoh
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zulfan Adi Putra
- Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - T M I Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - J Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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17
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Hereijgers J, Schalck J, Lölsberg J, Wessling M, Breugelmans T. Indirect 3D Printed Electrode Mixers. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hereijgers
- Advanced Reactor Technology; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Jonathan Schalck
- Advanced Reactor Technology; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Jonas Lölsberg
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Advanced Reactor Technology; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
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Kerdi S, Qamar A, Vrouwenvelder JS, Ghaffour N. Fouling resilient perforated feed spacers for membrane filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 140:211-219. [PMID: 29715645 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of feed spacers with optimal geometry remains a key challenge for spiral-wound membrane systems in water treatment due to their impact on the hydrodynamic performance and fouling development. In this work, novel spacer designs are proposed by intrinsically modifying cylindrical filaments through perforations. Three symmetric perforated spacers (1-Hole, 2-Hole, and 3-Hole) were in-house 3D-printed and experimentally evaluated in terms of permeate flux, feed channel pressure drop and membrane fouling. Spacer performance is characterized and compared with standard no perforated (0-Hole) design under constant feed pressure and constant feed flow rate. Perforations in the spacer filaments resulted in significantly lowering the net pressure drop across the spacer filled channel. The 3-Hole spacer was found to have the lowest pressure drop (50%-61%) compared to 0-Hole spacer for various average flow velocities. Regarding permeate flux production, the 0-Hole spacer produced 5.7 L m-2.h-1 and 6.6 L m-2.h-1 steady state flux for constant pressure and constant feed flow rate, respectively. The 1-Hole spacer was found to be the most efficient among the perforated spacers with 75% and 23% increase in permeate production at constant pressure and constant feed flow, respectively. Furthermore, membrane surface of 1-Hole spacer was found to be cleanest in terms of fouling, contributing to maintain higher permeate flux production. Hydrodynamic understanding of these perforated spacers is also quantified by performing Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). The performance enhancement of these perforated spacers is attributed to the formation of micro-jets in the spacer cell that aided in producing enough unsteadiness/turbulence to clean the membrane surface and mitigate fouling phenomena. In the case of 1-Hole spacer, the unsteadiness intensity at the outlet of micro-jets and the shear stress fluctuations created inside the cells are higher than those observed with other perforated spacers, resulting in the cleanest membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kerdi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Qamar
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Sreedhar N, Thomas N, Al-Ketan O, Rowshan R, Hernandez HH, Abu Al-Rub RK, Arafat HA. Mass transfer analysis of ultrafiltration using spacers based on triply periodic minimal surfaces: Effects of spacer design, directionality and voidage. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Comparison of solid, liquid and powder forms of 3D printing techniques in membrane spacer fabrication. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Low ZX, Chua YT, Ray BM, Mattia D, Metcalfe IS, Patterson DA. Perspective on 3D printing of separation membranes and comparison to related unconventional fabrication techniques. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lee JY, Tan WS, An J, Chua CK, Tang CY, Fane AG, Chong TH. The potential to enhance membrane module design with 3D printing technology. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Helically microstructured spacers improve mass transfer and fractionation selectivity in ultrafiltration. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Enhanced mixing in the diffusive boundary layer for energy generation in reverse electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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