1
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Khaleel SR, Ibrahim SS, Criscuoli A, Figoli A, Lawal DU, Alsalhy QF. Influence of Silane Treatment on CNM/PAC/PVDF Properties and Performance for Water Desalination by VMD. MEMBRANES 2025; 15:104. [PMID: 40277974 PMCID: PMC12028725 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) is a promising process for water desalination. However, it suffers some obstacles, such as fouling and wetting, due to the inadequate hydrophobicity of the membrane and high vacuum pressure on the permeate side. Therefore, improving surface hydrophobicity and roughness is important. In this study, the effect of 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFTES) on the morphology and performance of CNM/PAC/PVDF membranes at various concentrations was investigated for the first time. Membrane characteristics such as FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, contact angle, and hydrophobicity before and after modification were analyzed and tested using VMD for water desalination. The results showed that the membrane coated with 1 wt.% PFTES had a higher permeate flux and lower rejection than the membranes coated with the 2 wt.% PFTES. The 2 wt.% PFTES enhanced the contact angle to 117° and increased the salt rejection above 99.9%, with the permeate flux set to 23.2 L/m2·h and at a 35 g/L NaCl feed solution, 65 °C feed temperature, a 0.6 L/min feed flow rate, and 21 kPa (abs) vacuum pressure. This means that 2 wt.% PFTES-coated PVDF membranes exhibited slightly lower permeate flux with higher hydrophobicity, salt rejection, and stability over long-term operation. These outstanding results indicate the potential of the novel CNM/PAC/PVDF/PFTES membranes for saline water desalination. Moreover, this study presents useful guidance for the enhancement of membrane structures and physical properties in the field of saline water desalination using porous CNM/PAC/PVDF/PFTES membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samraa R. Khaleel
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (S.R.K.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Salah S. Ibrahim
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (S.R.K.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Alessandra Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Dahiru U. Lawal
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qusay F. Alsalhy
- Membrane Technology Research Unit, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Alsinaa Street 52, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (S.R.K.); (S.S.I.)
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2
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Patel RV, Yadav A, Shahi VK. Advances in membrane distillation for wastewater treatment: Innovations, challenges, and sustainable opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 969:178749. [PMID: 40022985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Water pollution and the growing demand for zero liquid discharge solutions have driven the development of advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising thermal-based process capable of treating high-salinity brines and wastewater. This review provides an in-depth analysis of MD configurations, operating principles, and membrane characteristics while addressing key challenges such as fouling and pore wetting which hinder large-scale implementation. To overcome these limitations, various membrane fabrication and modification strategies, including physical and chemical approaches, have been explored. The integration of MD with other processes (hybrid MD) for wastewater treatment is also examined. A comprehensive discussion on the mechanisms of organic, inorganic, and biological fouling and their impact on MD performance is presented. Additionally, recent advancements in antifouling strategies, including surface modifications, novel materials, and operational optimizations, are reviewed. Furthermore, the review critically analyzes membrane wetting, its governing mechanisms, and mitigation techniques. By summarizing the current challenges and future prospects, this work provides valuable insights into improving MD performance for practical applications. The findings serve as a foundation for further research and technological advancements in the field of wastewater treatment using MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Vardhan Patel
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| | - Anshul Yadav
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, India; Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar Shahi
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, India; Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India.
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3
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Alipanahrostami M, Coolidge C, Wang Y, Wang W, Tong T. Minimizing the Use of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances for Textured Wetting-Resistant Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025; 59:3355-3365. [PMID: 39957599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used as synthetic chemicals to create textured wetting-resistant surfaces, which have a broad range of applications including omniphobic membranes, self-cleaning textiles, and anticorrosion coatings. However, the high persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential of PFAS have led to rising public concerns and stringent regulations, especially after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) announced legally enforceable maximum contamination levels for six PFAS species in April 2024. In this paper, we provide our perspective that the use of PFAS can be avoided in the fabrication of textured omniphobic and superomniphobic surfaces, which display high wetting resistance against not only high surface tension liquids but also more importantly low surface tension liquids. We first discuss the role of PFAS in the design of conventional wetting-resistant surfaces. We then discuss the state-of-the-art strategies for creating PFAS-free textured omniphobic and superomniphobic surfaces with high wetting resistance while elucidating the underlying mechanism. Further, we emphasize that PFAS are indeed not always needed for textured surfaces with a sufficiently high wetting resistance in specific environmental applications such as desalination and wastewater treatment. We envision that this paper will motivate the scientific community to rethink and revolutionize the design framework toward more sustainable wetting-resistant surfaces, thereby circumventing the use of PFAS and the consequent health and environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alipanahrostami
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Connor Coolidge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Ayach J, El Malti W, Duma L, Lalevée J, Al Ajami M, Hamad H, Hijazi A. Comparing Conventional and Advanced Approaches for Heavy Metal Removal in Wastewater Treatment: An In-Depth Review Emphasizing Filter-Based Strategies. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1959. [PMID: 39065274 PMCID: PMC11280771 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Various industrial activities release heavy metal ions into the environment, which represent one of the major toxic pollutants owing to their severe effects on the environment, humans, and all living species. Despite several technological advances and breakthroughs, wastewater treatment remains a critical global issue. Traditional techniques are dedicated to extracting heavy metal ions from diverse wastewater origins, encompassing coagulation/flocculation, precipitation, flotation, and ion exchange. Their cost, side toxicity, or ineffectiveness often limit their large-scale use. Due to their adaptable design, simple operation, and reasonable cost, membrane filtration and adsorption have proven their efficiency in removing metals from wastewater. Recently, adsorption-based filters have appeared promising in treating water. Within this range, filters incorporating natural, synthetic, or hybrid adsorbents present an appealing alternative to conventional approaches. This review aims to list and describe the conventional and advanced wastewater treatment methods by comparing their efficiency, cost, and environmental impact. Adsorption-based filters were highlighted due to the significant advantages they can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ayach
- Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (J.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.)
- CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Wassim El Malti
- College of Health Sciences, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Luminita Duma
- CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Mohamad Al Ajami
- Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (J.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Hussein Hamad
- Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (J.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon; (J.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.)
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5
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Manouchehri M. A comprehensive review on state-of-the-art antifouling super(wetting and anti-wetting) membranes for oily wastewater treatment. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103073. [PMID: 38160525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the most dangerous types of pollution to the environment is oily wastewater, which is produced from a number of industrial sources and can cause damage to the environment, people, and creatures. To overcome this issue, membrane technology as an advanced method has been considered for treating oily wastewater due to its stability, high removal efficiency, and simplicity in scaling up. Membrane fouling, or the accumulation of oil droplets at or within the membrane pores, compromises the efficiency of membrane separation and water flux. In the last decade, the fabrication of membranes with specific wettability to reduce fouling has received much consideration. The purpose of this article is to offer a literature overview of all fabricated anti-fouling super(wetting and anti-wetting) membranes for applicable membrane processes for the separation of immiscible and emulsified oil/water mixtures. In this review, we first explain membrane fouling and discuss methods for preventing it. Afterwards, in all membrane separation processes, including pressure-driven, gravity-driven, and thermal-driven, membranes based on the form and density of oil are categorized as oil-removing or water-removing with special wettability, and then their wettability modification with different materials is particularly discussed. Finally, the prospect of anti-fouling membrane fabrication in the future is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoumeh Manouchehri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Rastgar M, Moradi K, Burroughs C, Hemmati A, Hoek E, Sadrzadeh M. Harvesting Blue Energy Based on Salinity and Temperature Gradient: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10156-10205. [PMID: 37523591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with power generation from fossil fuel combustion account for 25% of global emissions and, thus, contribute greatly to climate change. Renewable energy sources, like wind and solar, have reached a mature stage, with costs aligning with those of fossil fuel-derived power but suffer from the challenge of intermittency due to the variability of wind and sunlight. This study aims to explore the viability of salinity gradient power, or "blue energy", as a clean, renewable source of uninterrupted, base-load power generation. Harnessing the salinity gradient energy from river estuaries worldwide could meet a substantial portion of the global electricity demand (approximately 7%). Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are more prominent technologies for blue energy harvesting, whereas thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) is emerging with new promise. This review scrutinizes the obstacles encountered in developing osmotic power generation using membrane-based methods and presents potential solutions to overcome challenges in practical applications. While certain strategies have shown promise in addressing some of these obstacles, further research is still required to enhance the energy efficiency and feasibility of membrane-based processes, enabling their large-scale implementation in osmotic energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rastgar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazem Moradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Computational Fluid Engineering Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Cassie Burroughs
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12-263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Arman Hemmati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Computational Fluid Engineering Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Eric Hoek
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1593, United States
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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7
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Zhang H, Zhao X. Enhanced Anti-Wetting Methods of Hydrophobic Membrane for Membrane Distillation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300598. [PMID: 37219004 PMCID: PMC10427381 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing issues of hydrophobic membrane wetting occur in the membrane distillation (MD) process, stimulating the research on enhanced anti-wetting methods for membrane materials. In recent years, surface structural construction (i.e., constructing reentrant-like structures), surface chemical modification (i.e., coating organofluorides), and their combination have significantly improved the anti-wetting properties of the hydrophobic membranes. Besides, these methods change the MD performance (i.e., increased/decreased vapor flux and increased salt rejection). This review first introduces the characterization parameters of wettability and the fundamental principles of membrane surface wetting. Then it summarizes the enhanced anti-wetting methods, the related principles, and most importantly, the anti-wetting properties of the resultant membranes. Next, the MD performance of hydrophobic membranes prepared by different enhanced anti-wetting methods is discussed in desalinating different feeds. Finally, facile and reproducible strategies are aspired for the robust MD membrane in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- Lab of Environmental Science & TechnologyINETTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Lab of Environmental Science & TechnologyINETTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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8
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Albiladi A, Gzara L, Organji H, Alkayal NS, Figoli A. Electrospun Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene) Nanofiber Membranes for Brine Treatment via Membrane Distillation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2706. [PMID: 37376352 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenge for membrane distillation (MD) is the membrane wetting resistance induced by pollutants in the feed solution. The proposed solution for this issue was to fabricate membranes with hydrophobic properties. Hydrophobic electrospun poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofiber membranes were produced for brine treatment using the direct-contact membrane distillation (DCMD) technique. These nanofiber membranes were prepared from three different polymeric solution compositions to study the effect of solvent composition on the electrospinning process. Furthermore, the effect of the polymer concentration was investigated by preparing polymeric solutions with three different polymer percentages: 6, 8, and 10%. All of the nanofiber membranes obtained from electrospinning were post-treated at varying temperatures. The effects of thickness, porosity, pore size, and liquid entry pressure (LEP) were studied. The hydrophobicity was determined using contact angle measurements, which were investigated using optical contact angle goniometry. The crystallinity and thermal properties were studied using DSC and XRD, while the functional groups were studied using FTIR. The morphological study was performed with AMF and described the roughness of nanofiber membranes. Finally, all of the nanofiber membranes had enough of a hydrophobic nature to be used in DCMD. A PVDF membrane filter disc and all nanofiber membranes were applied in DCMD to treat brine water. The resulting water flux and permeate water quality were compared, and it was discovered that all of the produced nanofiber membranes showed good behavior with varying water flux, but the salt rejection was greater than 90%. A membrane prepared from DMF/acetone 5-5 with 10% PVDF-HFP provided the perfect performance, with an average water flux of 44 kg.m-2.h-1 and salt rejection of 99.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Albiladi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lassaad Gzara
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Organji
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeeha S Alkayal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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9
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Prasanna NS, Choudhary N, Singh N, Raghavarao KSMS. Omniphobic membranes in membrane distillation for desalination applications: A mini-review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
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10
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Baroud TN. Tuning PVDF Membrane Porosity and Wettability Resistance via Varying Substrate Morphology for the Desalination of Highly Saline Water. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:395. [PMID: 37103822 PMCID: PMC10141797 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the fabrication of a series of highly efficient polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes via substrate morphology variations. A wide range of sandpaper grit sizes (150-1200) were utilized as casting substrates. The effect of the penetration of abrasive particles present on the sandpapers on the casted polymer solution was tuned, and the impact of these particles on porosity, surface wettability, liquid entry pressure and morphology were investigated. The membrane distillation performance of the developed membrane on sandpapers was evaluated for the desalination of highly saline water (70,000 ppm). Interestingly, the utilization of cheap and widely available sandpapers as a substrate for casting can not only help in tuning the MD performance, but also in producing highly efficient membranes with stable salt rejection (up to 100%) and a 210% increase in the permeate flux over 24 h. The findings in this study will help in delineating the role of substrate nature in controlling the produced membrane characteristics and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki N. Baroud
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes & Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Abid MB, Wahab RA, Salam MA, Gzara L, Moujdin IA. Desalination technologies, membrane distillation, and electrospinning, an overview. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12810. [PMID: 36793956 PMCID: PMC9922933 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is a critical component for humans to survive, especially in arid lands or areas where fresh water is scarce. Hence, desalination is an excellent way to effectuate the increasing water demand. Membrane distillation (MD) technology entails a membrane-based non-isothermal prominent process used in various applications, for instance, water treatment and desalination. It is operable at low temperature and pressure, from which the heat demand for the process can be sustainably sourced from renewable solar energy and waste heat. In MD, the water vapors are gone through the membrane's pores and condense at permeate side, rejecting dissolved salts and non-volatile substances. However, the efficacy of water and biofouling are the main challenges for MD due to the lack of appropriate and versatile membrane. Numerous researchers have explored different membrane composites to overcome the above-said issue, and attempt to develop efficient, elegant, and biofouling-resistant novel membranes for MD. This review article addresses the 21st-century water crises, desalination technologies, principles of MD, the different properties of membrane composites alongside compositions and modules of membranes. The desired membrane characteristics, MD configurations, role of electrospinning in MD, characteristics and modifications of membranes used for MD are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monis Bin Abid
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of General Studies, University of Prince Mugrin Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lassaad Gzara
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmed Moujdin
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Engineering omniphobic corrugated membranes for scaling mitigation in membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Fluoropolymer Membranes for Membrane Distillation and Membrane Crystallization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245439. [PMID: 36559805 PMCID: PMC9782556 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoropolymer membranes are applied in membrane operations such as membrane distillation and membrane crystallization where hydrophobic porous membranes act as a physical barrier separating two phases. Due to their hydrophobic nature, only gaseous molecules are allowed to pass through the membrane and are collected on the permeate side, while the aqueous solution cannot penetrate. However, these two processes suffer problems such as membrane wetting, fouling or scaling. Membrane wetting is a common and undesired phenomenon, which is caused by the loss of hydrophobicity of the porous membrane employed. This greatly affects the mass transfer efficiency and separation efficiency. Simultaneously, membrane fouling occurs, along with membrane wetting and scaling, which greatly reduces the lifespan of the membranes. Therefore, strategies to improve the hydrophobicity of membranes have been widely investigated by researchers. In this direction, hydrophobic fluoropolymer membrane materials are employed more and more for membrane distillation and membrane crystallization thanks to their high chemical and thermal resistance. This paper summarizes different preparation methods of these fluoropolymer membrane, such as non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS), thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS), vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS), etc. Hydrophobic modification methods, including surface coating, surface grafting and blending, etc., are also introduced. Moreover, the research advances on the application of less toxic solvents for preparing these membranes are herein reviewed. This review aims to provide guidance to researchers for their future membrane development in membrane distillation and membrane crystallization, using fluoropolymer materials.
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14
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Alsebaeai MK, Ahmad AL, Seng OB. Potential effects of nano‐fumed silica particles (NFS)/PVDF mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane on the performance of direct contact membrane distillation. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Karama Alsebaeai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Penang 14300 Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Petroleum Hadhramout University Hadhramout Yemen
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Penang 14300 Malaysia
| | - Ooi Boon Seng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Penang 14300 Malaysia
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15
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Kim KC, Lin X, Li C. Structural design of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane for membrane distillation application: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82632-82659. [PMID: 36219296 PMCID: PMC9552148 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology for water desalination and industrial wastewater treatment, the MD process is not widely applied in the global water industry due to the lack of a suitable membrane for the MD process. The design and appropriate manufacture are the most important factors for MD membrane optimization. The well-designed porous structure, superhydrophobic surface, and pore-wetting prevention of the membrane are vital properties of the MD membrane. Nowadays, electrospinning that is capable of manufacturing membranes with superhydrophobic or omni phobic properties is considered a promising technology. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) possess the characteristics of cylindrical morphology, re-entrant structure, and easy-shaping for a specific purpose, benefiting the membrane design and modification. Based on that, this review investigates the current state and future progress of the superhydrophobic, multi-layer, and omniphobic ENMs manufactured with various structural designs for seawater desalination and wastewater purification. We expect that this paper will provide some recommendations and guidance for further fabrication research and the configuration design of ENMs in the MD process for seawater desalination and wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Chol Kim
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Metallurgical Faculty, Kim Chaek University of Science and Technology, Kyogu dong 60, Central District, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoqiu Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Congju Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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16
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John J, Nambikattu J, Kaleekkal NJ. An integrated Nanofiltration-Membrane Distillation (NF-MD) process for the treatment of emulsified wastewater. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2131578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana John
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC), Kozhikode, India
| | - Jenny Nambikattu
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC), Kozhikode, India
| | - Noel Jacob Kaleekkal
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC), Kozhikode, India
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17
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Ma R, Lu X, Zhang S, Ren K, Gu J, Liu C, Liu Z, Wang H. Constructing discontinuous silicon-island structure with low surface energy based on the responsiveness of hydrophilic layers to improve the anti-fouling property of membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Liu D, Cao J, Qiu M, Zhang G, Hong Y. Enhanced properties of PVDF nanofibrous membrane with liquid-like coating for membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Gontarek-Castro E, Di Luca G, Lieder M, Gugliuzza A. Graphene-Coated PVDF Membranes: Effects of Multi-Scale Rough Structure on Membrane Distillation Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:511. [PMID: 35629837 PMCID: PMC9147767 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-coated membranes for membrane distillation have been fabricated by using a wet-filtration approach. Graphene nanoplatelets have been deposited onto PVDF membrane surfaces. Morphology and physicochemical properties have been explored to evaluate the changes in the surface topography and related effects on the membrane performance in water desalination. The membranes have been tested in membrane distillation plants by using mixtures of sodium chloride and humic acid. The multi-scale rough structure of the surface has been envisaged to amplify the wetting and fouling resistance of the graphene-coated membranes so that a better flux and full salt rejection have been achieved in comparison with pristine PVDF. Total salt rejection and an increase of 77% in flux have been observed for coated membrane with optimized graphene content when worked with NaCl 0.6 M (DCMD, ΔT ≈ 24 °C) over a test period of 6 h. The experimental findings suggest these novel graphene-coated membranes as promising materials to develop functional membranes for high-performing water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Gontarek-Castro
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Giuseppe Di Luca
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology, CNR-ITM, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Marek Lieder
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Annarosa Gugliuzza
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology, CNR-ITM, Via Pietro Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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20
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Du X, Alipanahrostami M, Wang W, Tong T. Long-Chain PFASs-Free Omniphobic Membranes for Sustained Membrane Distillation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23808-23816. [PMID: 35536240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Omniphobic membranes possessing high wetting resistance have been created for the treatment of challenging hypersaline feedwaters with low surface tension through membrane distillation (MD). However, virtually all such membranes are fabricated with long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, ≥8 fluorinated carbons). The environmental risks and high bioaccumulation potential of long-chain PFASs have raised increasing concerns. Developing highly wetting-resistant MD membranes while avoiding the use of long-chain PFASs is essential to improve the viability of MD for resilient and sustainable water purification. We demonstrate that MD membranes with exceptional wetting resistance can be designed through the combination of hierarchically structured membranes consisting of re-entrant texture at different length scales and (ultra)short-chain fluorocarbons, which have lower acute toxicity and bioaccumulation potentials than long-chain PFASs. Our hierarchically structured membrane with three-tier micro/nanostructure fabricated with short-chain fluorocarbon possesses superior wetting resistance, which is comparable to or higher than the long-chain PFASs-based omniphobic membranes reported in the literature. Furthermore, the hierarchically structured membranes fabricated with ultrashort-chain fluorocarbons display improved wetting resistance against feedwaters with low surface tension. Our findings indicate that long-chain PFASs are not required when designing wetting-resistant membranes and that the balance between sustainability and wetting resistance should be tailored to the wetting potential of the feedwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Du
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Mohammad Alipanahrostami
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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21
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Li J, Ren LF, Huang M, Yang J, Shao J, He Y. Facile preparation of omniphobic PDTS-ZnO-PVDF membrane with excellent anti-wetting property in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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23
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Mitigating membrane wetting in the treatment of unconventional oil and gas wastewater by membrane distillation: A comparison of pretreatment with omniphobic membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Li H, Feng H, Li M, Zhang X. Engineering a covalently constructed superomniphobic membrane for robust membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Xing X, Zhao Y, Xu C, He Y, Yang C, Xiao K, Zheng J, Deng B. Omniphobic Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Decorated with a ZnO Nano Sea Urchin Structure: Performance Against Surfactant-Wetting in Membrane Distillation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Congbin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali He
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolin Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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26
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Liu Y, Horseman T, Wang Z, Arafat HA, Yin H, Lin S, He T. Negative Pressure Membrane Distillation for Excellent Gypsum Scaling Resistance and Flux Enhancement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1405-1412. [PMID: 34941244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) has potential to become a competitive technology for managing hypersaline brine but not until the critical challenge of mineral scaling is addressed. The state-of-the-art approach for mitigating mineral scaling in MD involves the use of superhydrophobic membranes that are difficult to fabricate and are commercially unavailable. This study explores a novel operational strategy, namely, negative pressure direct contact membrane distillation (NP-DCMD) that can minimize mineral scaling with commercially available hydrophobic membranes and at the same time enhance the water vapor flux substantially. By applying a negative gauge pressure on the feed stream, NP-DCMD achieved prolonged resistance to CaSO4 scaling and a dramatic vapor flux enhancement up to 62%. The exceptional scaling resistance is attributable to the formation of a concave liquid-gas under a negative pressure that changes the position of the water-air interface to hinder interfacial nucleation and crystal growth. The substantial flux enhancement is caused by the reduced molecular diffusion resistance within the pores and the enhanced heat transfer kinetics across the boundary layer in NP-DCMD. Achieving substantial performance improvement in both the scaling resistance and vapor flux with commercial membranes, NP-DCMD is a significant innovation with vast potential for practical adoption due to its simplicity and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas Horseman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Zhangxin Wang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watershed, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hassan A Arafat
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huabing Yin
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Tao He
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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27
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Kharraz JA, Farid MU, Jassby D, An AK. A systematic study on the impact of feed composition and substrate wettability on wetting and fouling of omniphobic and janus membranes in membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Hong SK, Kim H, Lee H, Lim G, Cho SJ. A pore-size tunable superhydrophobic membrane for high-flux membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Water serves as an indispensable part of human life and production. On account of the overexploitation of traditional water sources, the demand for wastewater recycling is expanding rapidly. As a promising water treatment process, membrane distillation (MD) has been utilized in various wastewater treatments, such as desalination brine, textile wastewater, radioactive wastewater, and oily wastewater. This review summarized the investigation work applying MD in wastewater treatment, and the performance was comprehensively introduced. Moreover, the obstructions of industrialization, such as membrane fouling, membrane wetting, and high energy consumption, were discussed with the practical investigation. To cope with these problems, various strategies have been adopted to enhance MD performance, including coupling membrane processes and developing membranes with specific surface characteristics. In addition, the significance of nutrient recovery and waste heat utilization was indicated.
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30
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Omniphobic membrane with nest-like re-entrant structure via electrospraying strategy for robust membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Ni T, Lin J, Kong L, Zhao S. Omniphobic membranes for distillation: Opportunities and challenges. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Sinha Ray S, Dommati H, Wang JC, Lee HK, Park YI, Park H, Kim IC, Chen SS, Kwon YN. Facile approach for designing a novel micropatterned antiwetting membrane by utilizing 3D printed molds for improved desalination performance. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Yan X, Wang G, Ma C, Li J, Cheng S, Yang C, Chen L. Effects of pollutants in alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding oilfield wastewater on membrane fouling in direct contact membrane distillation by response surface methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131130. [PMID: 34470168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic pollutants in alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding oilfield wastewater are complex [e.g., NaCl, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), petroleum, and polyacrylamide (PAM)]; thus, membrane distillation (MD) applied to treat this wastewater will be fouled and wetted easily. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of pollutant interactions in ASP flooding oilfield wastewater on membrane fouling. The response model showed quantitative relationships between the membrane flux and the pollutant concentrations. The analysis of variance (p-value of the model < 0.0001, p-value of lack of fit > 0.05, R2 = 0.9750 and R2adj = 0.9500) showed that the regression equation fit the empirical data well. The results also indicated that the interactions of pollutants (NaCl and SDS; petroleum and PAM) had significant influence on the flux decline in the simulated ASP flooding oilfield wastewater. The characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the MD membrane was fouled by simulated ASP flooding oilfield wastewater to a certain degree. Moreover, the membrane flux was restored to 86.9% after hydraulic cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Yan
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Tianjin Haiyuanhui Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Junyu Li
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shirong Cheng
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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34
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Liao X, Goh K, Liao Y, Wang R, Razaqpur AG. Bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes for membrane distillation: Mechanisms, fabrications and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102547. [PMID: 34687984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the aggravation of the global water crisis, membrane distillation (MD) for seawater desalination and hypersaline wastewater treatment is highlighted due to its low operating temperature, low hydrostatic pressure, and theoretically 100% rejection. However, some issues still impede the large-scale applications of MD technology, such as membrane fouling, scaling and unsatisfactory wetting resistance. Bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes have progressed rapidly in the past decades and been considered as one of the most promising approaches to overcome the above problems. This review for the first time systematically summarizes and analyzes the mechanisms of different super liquid-repellent surfaces, their preparation and modification methods, and anti-wetting/fouling/scaling performances in the MD process. Firstly, the topology theories of in-air superhydrophobic, in-air omniphobic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces are illustrated using different models. Secondly, the fabrication methods of various super liquid-repellent membranes are classified. The merits and demerits of each method are illustrated. Thirdly, the anti-wetting/fouling/scaling mechanisms of super liquid-repellent membranes are summarized. Finally, the conclusions and perspectives of the bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes are elaborated. It is anticipated that the systematic review herein can provide readers with foundational knowledge and current progress of super liquid-repellent membranes, and inspire researchers to overcome the challenges up ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Kunli Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Res. Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yuan Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Res. Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Abdul Ghani Razaqpur
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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35
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Qu M, Pang Y, Li J, Wang R, He D, Luo Z, Shi F, Peng L, He J. Eco-friendly superwettable functionalized-fabric with pH-bidirectional responsiveness for controllable oil-water and multi-organic components separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Razaqpur AG, Wang Y, Liao X, Liao Y, Wang R. Progress of photothermal membrane distillation for decentralized desalination: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117299. [PMID: 34107363 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The conventional membrane distillation (MD) process is accompanied by large energy consumption, low thermal efficiency and inevitable requirements of centralized infrastructures, which impede its practical applications, especially in the offshore and remote off-grid areas. Thanks to the rapid development of efficient photothermal materials over the last decade, a new photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) process has emerged to harness abundant solar energy and localize heating on the membrane-feed water interface via photothermal effects. Driven by the temperature difference across the PMD membrane, water vapor can be generated on the membrane-feed surface, transported through membrane pores and condensed at permeate side to obtain freshwater, thus tackling the challenge of obtaining clean water using green energy. The PMD process avoids heating the entire bulk feed water and feed transportation from heat units to membrane modules, which save substantial amounts of energy. The interfacial localized heating intrinsically mitigates the temperature polarization across the membrane. The latent heat from vapor condensation can be effectively recovered via multi-level PMD configurations. As great efforts have been made to exploit PMD process, it is imperative to review the state-of-the-art progress of PMD and shed light on its future trend. Here, we briefly illustrate PMD mechanisms and membrane requirements, photothermal materials feasible for developing PMD membranes along with their light-to-heat mechanisms. This is followed by reviewing diverse approaches to prepare PMD membranes, which are classified into one-step fabrication and multi-step modification methods. Comprehensive discussion about PMD membrane performance in different configurations and their small pilot-scaled applications are provided. The effects of operational parameters and module designs are discussed in Section 6. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of PMD process are emphasized with the aim of providing guidance for future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ghani Razaqpur
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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37
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Chen Y, Lu KJ, Gai W, Chung TS. Nanofiltration-Inspired Janus Membranes with Simultaneous Wetting and Fouling Resistance for Membrane Distillation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7654-7664. [PMID: 34014649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membranes with robust antiwetting and antifouling properties are highly desirable for membrane distillation (MD) of wastewater. Herein, we have proposed and demonstrated a highly effective method to mitigate wetting and fouling by designing nanofiltration (NF)-inspired Janus membranes for MD applications. The NF-inspired Janus membrane (referred to as PVDF-P-CQD) consists of a hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane and a thin polydopamine/polyethylenimine (PDA/PEI) layer grafted by sodium-functionalized carbon quantum dots (Na+-CQDs) to improve its hydrophilicity. The vapor flux data have confirmed that the hydrophilic layer does not add extra resistance to water vapor transport. The PVDF-P-CQD membrane exhibits excellent resistance toward both surfactant-induced wetting and oil-induced fouling in direct contact MD (DCMD) experiments. The impressive performance arises from the fact that the nanoscale pore sizes of the PDA/PEI layer would reject surfactant molecules by size exclusion and lower the propensity of surfactant-induced wetting, while the high surface hydrophilicity resulted from Na+-CQDs would induce a robust hydration layer to prevent oil from attachment. Therefore, this study may provide useful insights and strategies to design novel membranes for next-generation MD desalination with minimal wetting and fouling propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmiaoliang Chen
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Kang-Jia Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Wenxiao Gai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Tai-Shung Chung
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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38
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Deka BJ, Guo J, An AK. Robust dual-layered omniphobic electrospun membrane with anti-wetting and anti-scaling functionalised for membrane distillation application. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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39
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Liu L, He H, Wang Y, Tong T, Li X, Zhang Y, He T. Mitigation of gypsum and silica scaling in membrane distillation by pulse flow operation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Khan AA, Kim JO. Enhanced anti-wetting, slippery-surface membranes engineered for long-term operation with hypersaline synthetic and seawater feeds in membrane distillation. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Zhang W, Hu B, Wang Z, Li B. Fabrication of omniphobic PVDF composite membrane with dual-scale hierarchical structure via chemical bonding for robust membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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42
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Koh E, Lee YT. Preparation of an omniphobic nanofiber membrane by the self-assembly of hydrophobic nanoparticles for membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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43
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Thomas N, Kumar M, Palmisano G, Al-Rub RKA, Alnuaimi RY, Alhseinat E, Rowshan R, Arafat HA. Antiscaling 3D printed feed spacers via facile nanoparticle coating for membrane distillation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116649. [PMID: 33238227 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of feed spacers rather than membranes may hold more merit as an antiscaling strategy in membrane distillation (MD), as it avoids compromising the functionality of MD membrane. In this work, an antiscaling polyamide 3D printed spacer was developed for MD. The surface of the printed spacer was coated with fluorinated silica (FS) nanoparticles synthesized via a sol-gel process. The sol-gel approach used to synthesize the FS nanoparticles is considered a convenient and easy approach for engineering the spacer's surface structure and roughness. The performance of the FS coated printed surface was evaluated against other coating materials of different chemical properties. The coated surfaces were characterized using water contact angle measurements, ATR-FTIR, Raman, FESEM-EDX, atomic force and 3D microscopes. The 3D printed surface's microscale roughness and hydrophobicity increased, while its surface-free energy decreased with FS nanoparticles coating. The antiscaling performance of uncoated and FS coated spacers was then assessed in a direct contact MD process, using a scale-inducing aqueous solution of calcium sulfate as its feed. The scalant (Ca2+) attachment on the FS coated spacer was 0.24 mg cm-2, 74% lower than on the uncoated 3D spacer (0.95 mg cm-2). Also, by using the antiscaling FS coated spacer, scaling on the membrane surface dropped by 60%. The predominant factors that helped minimize scaling with FS coating were microscale roughness-induced hydrophobicity and reduced surface-free energy that weakened the scalant 's interaction with the spacer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Thomas
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahendra Kumar
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Giovanni Palmisano
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Rashid K Abu Al-Rub
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Reham Y Alnuaimi
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Emad Alhseinat
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Reza Rowshan
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Hassan A Arafat
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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44
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Fabrication of superhydrophobic PDTS-ZnO-PVDF membrane and its anti-wetting analysis in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) applications. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Lu C, Su C, Cao H, Horseman T, Duan F, Li Y. Nanoparticle-free and self-healing amphiphobic membrane for anti-surfactant-wetting membrane distillation. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:298-305. [PMID: 33279043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In membrane distillation (MD), complicated feed water with amphiphilic contaminants induces fouling/wetting of the MD membrane and can even lead to process failure. This study reports a facile approach to fabricate robust and self-healing hybrid amphiphobic membranes for anti-surfactant-wetting MD based on the ultra-low surface energy of fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (F-POSS) and its thermal induced motivation and rotation. The thermal treatment makes the membranes achieving amphiphobicity at a very low cost of F-POSS (13.04 wt.%), which is about 1/3 of without thermal treatment. The prepared membrane exhibits excellent amphiphobicity, i.e. ethanol contact angle of 120.3°, without using environmentally toxic fluorinated nanoparticles. Robust MD performance was observed for the amphiphobic membrane in concentrated sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) feed solutions. Furthermore, the fabricated membrane exhibited stable amphiphobicity even in extreme environments, including strong acid or alkaline solutions. In the event of a damaged or abraded membrane surface where the F-POSS can be removed, the amphiphobic membrane exhibits self-healing ability with additional thermal treatment. This simple approach without the use of nanoparticles provides an environmentally friendly way for fabrication of amphiphobic membranes for anti-surfactant-wetting membrane distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunlei Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Thomas Horseman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1831, USA
| | - Feng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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46
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Khan AA, Siyal MI, Kim JO. Fluorinated silica-modified anti-oil-fouling omniphobic F-SiO 2@PES robust membrane for multiple foulants feed in membrane distillation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128140. [PMID: 33297128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct-contact membrane distillation (DCMD) can be eminent solution for oily wastewater treatment if the membrane provided is slippery and tolerant to low surface tension complex solutions. This study describes preparation of an anti-oil-fouling omniphobic polyethersulfone membrane using fluorinated silica nanoparticles (F-SiO2@PES) combined with perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane and polydimethylsiloxane for application against oil-In-water (o/w) emulsions. Feed solutions consist of different concentrations of oil (hexadecane), different charge surfactants (anionic sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, non-ionic Tween 20, and cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and salt (NaCl). The hierarchical re-entrant micro structured surface of the omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membrane and functional groups are confirmed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti-oil-fouling and anti-wetting performance of omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membranes are investigated using contact-angle, sliding angles, DCMD tests with multiple foulants of surfactants. Omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membrane exhibited effective anti-oil-fouling and anti-wetting performance against emulsions as no severe fouling and a conductivity rises were evident regardless of surfactant charge and the concentration of components. Flux reduction and rejection rates for the omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membranes are in a range of 5-15% (only) and >99%, respectively, for various combinations of feed solution components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siyal
- Department of Materials and Testing, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Ju J, Li Z, Lv Y, Liu M, Fejjari K, Kang W, Liao Y. Electrospun PTFE/PI bi-component membranes with robust 3D superhydrophobicity and high water permeability for membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Mao Y, Huang Q, Meng B, Zhou K, Liu G, Gugliuzza A, Drioli E, Jin W. Roughness-enhanced hydrophobic graphene oxide membrane for water desalination via membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Arabi S, Pellegrin ML, Aguinaldo J, Sadler ME, McCandless R, Sadreddini S, Wong J, Burbano MS, Koduri S, Abella K, Moskal J, Alimoradi S, Azimi Y, Dow A, Tootchi L, Kinser K, Kaushik V, Saldanha V. Membrane processes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1447-1498. [PMID: 32602987 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This literature review provides a review for publications in 2018 and 2019 and includes information membrane processes findings for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review for Treatment Systems section. The following topics are covered in this literature review: industrial wastewater and membrane. Bioreactor (MBR) configuration, membrane fouling, design, reuse, nutrient removal, operation, anaerobic membrane systems, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, and modeling. Other sub-sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include the following: Biological Fixed-Film Systems, Activated Sludge, and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, and Water Reclamation and Reuse. This publication might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Wong
- Brown and Caldwell, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeff Moskal
- Suez Water Technologies & Solutions, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrew Dow
- Donohue and Associates, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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50
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Li C, Li X, Du X, Zhang Y, Wang W, Tong T, Kota AK, Lee J. Elucidating the Trade-off between Membrane Wetting Resistance and Water Vapor Flux in Membrane Distillation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10333-10341. [PMID: 32702974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) has been receiving considerable attention as a promising technology for desalinating industrial wastewaters. While hydrophobic membranes are essential for the process, increasing membrane surface hydrophobicity generally leads to the reduction of water vapor flux. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for this trade-off relation in MD. We prepared hydrophobic membranes with different degrees of wetting resistance through coating quartz fiber membranes with a series of alkylsilane molecules while preserving the fiber structures. A trade-off between wetting resistance and water vapor flux was observed in direct-contact MD experiments, with the least-wetting-resistant membrane exhibiting twice as high vapor flux as the most wetting-resistant membrane. Electrochemical impedance analysis, combined with fluorescence microscopy, elucidated that a lower wetting resistance (still water-repelling) allows deeper penetration of the liquid-air interfaces into the membrane, resulting in an increased interfacial area and therefore a larger evaporative vapor flux. Finally, we performed osmotic distillation experiments employing anodized alumina membranes that possess straight nanopores with different degrees of wetting resistance, observed no trade-off, and substantiated this proposed mechanism. Our study provides a guideline to tailor the membrane surface wettability to ensure stable MD operations while maximizing the water recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuewei Du
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
| | - Arun Kumar Kota
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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