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Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection activates the TWEAK/Fn14 axis in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts driving structural and functional changes that affect the heart. Exp Parasitol 2023; 248:108491. [PMID: 36841467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Sustained interaction between the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its functional receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), has been linked to cardiovascular disorders. Chagas cardiomyopathy, elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is associated with chronic inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy. This study aimed to explore the involvement of the TWEAK/Fn 14 axis in development of Chagas heart disease. Parasite infection in vitro triggered Fn14 overexpression in atrial HL-1 myocytes and cardiac MCF fibroblasts. Fn14 levels were also increased in heart tissue from C57BL/6 mice at 130 days post-infection, particularly in myocytes and fibroblasts. Concurrently, TWEAK expression in circulating monocytes from this group was higher than that determined in uninfected controls. TWEAK/Fn14 interaction was functional in myocytes and fibroblasts isolated from infected hearts, leading to TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)-mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling. Ex vivo stimulation of both cell types with recombinant TWEAK for 24 h boosted the NFκB-regulated production of proinflammatory/profibrotic mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, MMP-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1, E-selectin) involved in chronic T. cruzi cardiomyopathy. We further evaluated the therapeutic potential of the soluble decoy receptor Fn14-Fc to interfere with TWEAK/Fn14-dependent pathogenic activity. Fn14-Fc treatment of chronically infected mice was effective in neutralizing the ligand and reverting electrocardiographic abnormalities, maladaptive inflammation, adverse remodeling and hypertrophy in myocardium. Altogether, these findings suggest that sustained TWEAK/Fn14 induction by persistent T. cruzi infection is implicated in cardiopathogenesis and make TWEAK/Fn14 axis a promising target for the treatment of chronic Chagas heart disease.
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2
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Almeida GG, Rimkute I, do Vale INPC, Liechti T, Henriques PM, Roffe E, de Araújo FF, da Costa Rocha MO, Santos SME, Martins-Filho OA, Jankovic D, Sher A, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Roederer M, do Valle Antonelli LR. Chagasic cardiomyopathy is marked by a unique signature of activated CD4 + T cells. J Transl Med 2022; 20:551. [PMID: 36447264 PMCID: PMC9708147 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease in Latin America and an imported emerging disease worldwide. Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most prominent clinical form and can lead to heart failure, thromboembolism, and sudden death. While previous reports have supported a role for CD4+ T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of CCC a comprehensive analysis of these cells during different clinical forms is lacking. Here, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to assess the diversity of circulating CD4+ T cells in patients with distinct clinical forms. We found increased frequencies of CD4+CD69+ T cells in patients compared to controls. CD39+ regulatory T cells, represented by mesocluster 6 were reduced in mild CCC patients compared to controls. Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells co-expressing granzyme B and perforin were expanded in patients with Chagas disease and were higher in patients with mild CCC compared to controls. Furthermore, patients with mild CCC displayed higher frequencies of multifunctional effector memory CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrate an expansion in activated CD4+ T cells and a decrease in a functional subset of regulatory T cells associated with the onset of Chagas cardiomyopathy, suggesting their role in the establishment of cardiac lesions and as potential biomarkers for disease aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregório Guilherme Almeida
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Inga Rimkute
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Isabela Natália Pascoal Campos do Vale
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liechti
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Priscilla Miranda Henriques
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ester Roffe
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Molecular Signaling Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Fernanda Fortes de Araújo
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Clínica Médica, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Elói Santos
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Propedêutica Complementar, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Alan Sher
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Mario Roederer
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Neuroprotective Treatments for Digestive Forms of Chagas Disease in Experimental Models: A Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9397290. [PMID: 36199427 PMCID: PMC9527410 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9397290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an anthropozoonosis caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is characterized as a neglected disease. It is currently endemic in 21 countries on the Latin American continent, including Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. Unfortunately, there are no optimally effective treatments that can reduce the damage caused in the digestive form of the disease, such as the neuronal destruction of the myenteric plexus of both the esophagus and the colon. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to report the possible pharmacological neuroprotective agents that were tested in murine models of the digestive form of Chagas disease. Inclusion criteria are in vivo experimental studies that used different murine models for digestive forms of Chagas disease related to pharmacological interventions with neuroprotective potential, without year and language restriction. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were studies that did not approach murine models with the digestive form of the disease or did not use neuroprotective treatments, among others. The search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS databases was performed on September 4, 2021. In addition, a manual search was performed using the references of the included articles. The risk of bias assessment of the studies was performed based on the SYRCLE tool guidelines, and the data from the selected articles are presented in this review as a narrative description and in tables. Eight articles were included, 4 of which addressed treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, 3 with cyclophosphamide, and 1 with Lycopodium clavatum 13c. In view of the results of the studies, most of them show neuroprotective activity of the treatments, with the potential to reduce the number of damaged neurons, as well as positive changes in the structure of these cells. However, more studies are needed to understand the mechanisms triggered by each drug, as well as their safety and immunogenicity. Systematic review registration is as follows: PROSPERO database (CRD42022289746).
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Figueiredo VP, Silva MC, Souza DMSD, Coelho Junior D, Lopes LR, Azevedo MDA, Menezes APDJ, de Lima WG, Peluzio MDCG, Talvani A. Trypanosoma cruzi infection increases atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-deficient mice. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105730. [PMID: 35995253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the major ligand for the transporting and removal of chylomicrons and lipoproteins by the liver. Since the creation of the ApoE-knockout mice, it is well established that ApoE deficiency results in spontaneous atherosclerosis in aged animals. Atherosclerosis is also observed in animals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan that elicits a systemic inflammatory response in mammalian hosts, culminating in damage to cardiac, neuronal, and endothelial cells. Pro-atherogenic effects related to the experimental infection with T. cruzi may be induced by inflammatory components affecting the vascular wall. Herein, we evaluated whether infection with different strains of T. cruzi worsened the atherogenic lesions observed in aged ApoE-/- mice. After four weeks of infection with Berenice-78 (Be-78) or Colombian (Col) strains of the parasite, mice presented increased CCL2 and CCL5 production and high migration of inflammatory cells to cardiac tissue. Although the infection with either strain did not affect the survival rate, only the infection with Col strain caused abundant parasite growth in blood and heart and increased aortic root lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Our findings show, for the first time that ApoE exerts a protective anti-atherosclerotic role in the aortic root of mice in the acute phase of experimental infection with the Col strain of T. cruzi. Further studies should target ApoE and nutritional interventions to modulate susceptibility to cardiovascular disabilities after T. cruzi infection, minimizing the risk of death in both experimental animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Maria Soares de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diógenes Coelho Junior
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Roquete Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maira de Araújo Azevedo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Jesus Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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5
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Tavares LP, Garcia CC, Gonçalves APF, Kraemer LR, Melo EM, Oliveira FMS, Freitas CS, Lopes GAO, Reis DC, Cassali GD, Machado AM, Mantovani A, Locati M, Teixeira MM, Russo RC. ACKR2 contributes to pulmonary dysfunction by shaping CCL5:CCR5-dependent recruitment of lymphocytes during influenza A infection in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L655-L670. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00134.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation triggered by influenza A virus (IAV) infection is important for viral clearance, induction of adaptive responses, and return to lung homeostasis. However, an exaggerated immune response, characterized by the overproduction of chemokines, can lead to intense lung injury, contributing to mortality. Chemokine scavenger receptors, such as ACKR2, control the levels of CC chemokines influencing the immune responses. Among the chemokine targets of ACKR2, CCL5 is important to recruit and activate lymphocytes. We investigated the role of ACKR2 during IAV infection in mice. Pulmonary ACKR2 expression was increased acutely after IAV infection preceding the virus-induced lung dysfunction. ACKR2-knockout (ACKR2−/−) mice were protected from IAV, presenting decreased viral burden and lung dysfunction. Mechanistically, the absence of ACKR2 resulted in augmented airway CCL5 levels, secreted by mononuclear and plasma cells in the lung parenchyma. The higher chemokine gradient led to an augmented recruitment of T and B lymphocytes, formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and production of IgA in the airways of ACKR2−/− mice post-IAV. CCL5 neutralization in ACKR2−/− mice prevented lymphocyte recruitment and increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels and pulmonary dysfunction. Finally, CCR5−/− mice presented increased disease severity during IAV infection, displaying increased neutrophils, pulmonary injury and dysfunction, and accentuated lethality. Collectively, our data showed that ACKR2 dampens CCL5 levels and the consequent recruitment of CCR5+ T helper 1 (Th1), T regulatory cells (Tregs), and B lymphocytes during IAV infection, decreasing pathogen control and promoting lung dysfunction in wild type mice. Therefore, ACKR2 is detrimental and CCR5 is protective during IAV infection coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas R. Kraemer
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eliza M. Melo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M. S. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila S. Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A. O. Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diego C. Reis
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geovanni D. Cassali
- Departamento de Patologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo C. Russo
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Ellwanger JH, Kaminski VDL, Rodrigues AG, Kulmann-Leal B, Chies JAB. CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:261-285. [PMID: 32212259 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CCR5 molecule was reported in 1996 as the main HIV-1 co-receptor. In that same year, the CCR5Δ32 genetic variant was described as a strong protective factor against HIV-1 infection. These findings led to extensive research regarding the CCR5, culminating in critical scientific advances, such as the development of CCR5 inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. Recently, the research landscape surrounding CCR5 has begun to change. Different research groups have realized that, since CCR5 has such important effects in the chemokine system, it could also affect other different physiological systems. Therefore, the effect of reduced CCR5 expression due to the presence of the CCR5Δ32 variant began to be further studied. Several studies have investigated the role of CCR5 and the impacts of CCR5Δ32 on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, various types of cancer, and viral diseases. However, the role of CCR5 in diseases caused by bacteria and parasites is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the role of CCR5 and the effects of CCR5Δ32 on bacterial (brucellosis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and infection by Chlamydia trachomatis) and parasitic infections (toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis). Basic information about each of these infections was also addressed. The neglected role of CCR5 in fungal disease and emerging studies regarding the action of CCR5 on regulatory T cells are briefly covered in this review. Considering the "renaissance of CCR5 research," this article is useful for updating researchers who develop studies involving CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in different infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Lima Kaminski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Kulmann-Leal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gibaldi D, Vilar-Pereira G, Pereira IR, Silva AA, Barrios LC, Ramos IP, Mata Dos Santos HA, Gazzinelli R, Lannes-Vieira J. CCL3/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α Is Dually Involved in Parasite Persistence and Induction of a TNF- and IFNγ-Enriched Inflammatory Milieu in Trypanosoma cruzi-Induced Chronic Cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:306. [PMID: 32194558 PMCID: PMC7063958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL3, a member of the CC-chemokine family, has been associated with macrophage recruitment to heart tissue and parasite control in the acute infection of mouse with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Here, we approached the participation of CCL3 in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), the main clinical form of Chagas disease. We induced CCC in C57BL/6 (ccl3+/+) and CCL3-deficient (ccl3−/−) mice by infection with the Colombian Type I strain. In ccl3+/+ mice, high levels of CCL3 mRNA and protein were detected in the heart tissue during the acute and chronic infection. Survival was not affected by CCL3 deficiency. In comparison with ccl3+/+, chronically infected ccl3−/− mice presented reduced cardiac parasitism and inflammation due to CD8+ cells and macrophages. Leukocytosis was decreased in infected ccl3−/− mice, paralleling the accumulation of CD8+ T cells devoid of activated CCR5+ LFA-1+ cells in the spleen. Further, T. cruzi-infected ccl3−/−mice presented reduced frequency of interferon-gamma (IFNγ)+ cells and numbers of parasite-specific IFNγ-producing cells, while the T. cruzi antigen-specific cytotoxic activity was increased. Stimulation of CCL3-deficient macrophages with IFNγ improved parasite control, in a milieu with reduced nitric oxide (NOx) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but similar interleukin-10 (IL-10), concentrations. In comparison with chronically T. cruzi-infected ccl3+/+ counterparts, ccl3−/− mice did not show enlarged heart, loss of left ventricular ejection fraction, QTc prolongation and elevated CK-MB activity. Compared with ccl3+/+, infected ccl3−/− mice showed reduced concentrations of TNF, while IL-10 levels were not affected, in the heart milieu. In spleen of ccl3+/+ NI controls, most of the CD8+ T-cells expressing the CCL3 receptors CCR1 or CCR5 were IL-10+, while in infected mice these cells were mainly TNF+. Lastly, selective blockage of CCR1/CCR5 (Met-RANTES therapy) in chronically infected ccl3+/+ mice reversed pivotal electrical abnormalities (bradycardia, prolonged PR, and QTc interval), in correlation with reduced TNF and, mainly, CCL3 levels in the heart tissue. Therefore, in the chronic T. cruzi infection CCL3 takes part in parasite persistence and contributes to form a CD8+ T-cell and macrophage-enriched cardiac inflammation. Further, increased levels of CCL3 create a scenario with abundant IFNγ and TNF, associated with cardiomyocyte injury, heart dysfunction and QTc prolongation, biomarkers of severity of Chagas' heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Alice Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leda Castaño Barrios
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Gazzinelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Roffe E, Dos Santos LI, Santos MO, Henriques PM, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Rocha MOC, Eloi-Santos SM, Correa-Oliveira R, Antonelli LRV. Increased frequencies of circulating CCR5 + memory T cells are correlated to chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy progression. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:641-652. [PMID: 31087713 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1118-472r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease in Latin America and an imported emerging disease worldwide. Chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), a progressive inflammatory and fibrosing disease, is the most prominent clinical form of Chagas disease, culminating in heart failure and high rates of sudden death. CCC pathogenesis is influenced by both host and parasite factors and is proposed to be mostly immune-driven. Chemokines are crucial players in orchestrating immune cell recruitment to infected tissues and inflammation. Herein, we investigated inflammatory chemokine receptor expression on circulating T cells in patients stratified by CCC severity. Compared to asymptomatic individuals, we found increased percentages of effector CD4+ T cells and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CCR5 in patients with structural cardiopathy, but normal global ventricular function and no symptoms of chronic heart failure. Even naïve T cells expressed CCR5 in these patients. In contrast, reduced frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells expressing CXCR3 were observed in patients presenting with severe heart disease. Patients with increased left ventricular diameter, heart enlargement, and insufficiency had higher frequencies of CCR5+ effector and effector memory CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the percentage of effector CCR5+ CD8+ T cells was increased in patients with a reduced ejection fraction. Our results show that high expression CCR5 and low expression of CXCR3 on circulating T cells are associated with worse prognosis, possibly reflecting immune-mediated cardiac remodeling of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Roffe
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luara I Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maykon O Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscilla M Henriques
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo A Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel O C Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Eloi-Santos
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Propedêutica Complementar, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lis R V Antonelli
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lopez M, Tanowitz HB, Garg NJ. Pathogenesis of Chronic Chagas Disease: Macrophages, Mitochondria, and Oxidative Stress. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 5:45-54. [PMID: 29868332 PMCID: PMC5983038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease. Decades after initial infection, ~30% of individuals can develop chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. There are several proposed mechanisms for pathogenesis of Chagas disease, including parasite persistence, immune responses against parasite or self that continue in the heart, vascular compromise, and involvement of autonomous and central nervous system. Herein, we will focus on the significance of macrophages, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in progression of chagasic cardiomyopathy. RECENT FINDINGS The current literature suggests that T. cruzi prevents cytotoxic activities of the innate immune cells and persists in the host, contributing to mitochondrial oxidative stress. We discuss how the neoantigens generated due to cellular oxidative damage contribute to chronic inflammatory stress in chagasic disease. SUMMARY We propose that metabolic regulators, PARP-1/SIRT1, determine the disease outcome by modulating the mitochondrial and macrophage stress and antioxidant/oxidant imbalance, and offer a potential new therapy against chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciencies, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Herbert B Tanowitz
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070
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Lopez M, Tanowitz HB, Garg NJ. Pathogenesis of Chronic Chagas Disease: Macrophages, Mitochondria, and Oxidative Stress. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-018-0081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Caballero EP, Santamaría MH, Corral RS. Endogenous osteopontin induces myocardial CCL5 and MMP-2 activation that contributes to inflammation and cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of chronic Chagas heart disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:11-23. [PMID: 28987763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction with progressive inflammation and fibrosis is a hallmark of Chagas disease caused by persistent Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Osteopontin (OPN) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that orchestrates mechanisms controlling cell recruitment and cardiac architecture. Our main goal was to study the role of endogenous OPN as a modulator of myocardial CCL5 chemokine and MMP-2 metalloproteinase, and its pathological impact in a murine model of Chagas heart disease. Wild-type (WT) and OPN-deficient (spp1 -/-) mice were parasite-infected (Brazil strain) for 100days. Both groups developed chronic myocarditis with similar parasite burden and survival rates. However, spp1 -/- infection showed lower heart-to-body ratio (P<0.01) as well as reduced inflammatory pathology (P<0.05), CCL5 expression (P<0.05), myocyte size (P<0.05) and fibrosis (P<0.01) in cardiac tissues. Intense OPN labeling was observed in inflammatory cells recruited to infected heart (P<0.05). Plasma concentration of MMP-2 was higher (P<0.05) in infected WT than in spp1 -/- mice. Coincidently, specific immunostaining revealed increased gelatinase expression (P<0.01) and activity (P<0.05) in the inflamed hearts from T. cruzi WT mice, but not in their spp1 -/- littermates. CCL5 and MMP-2 induction occurred preferentially (P<0.01) in WT heart-invading CD8+ T cells and was mediated via phospho-JNK MAPK signaling. Heart levels of OPN, CCL5 and MMP-2 correlated (P<0.01) with collagen accumulation in the infected WT group only. Endogenous OPN emerges as a key player in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas heart disease, through the upregulation of myocardial CCL5/MMP-2 expression and activities resulting in pro-inflammatory and pro-hypertrophic events, cardiac remodeling and interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel H Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Biología Experimental, Centro de Estudios Metabólicos, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo S Corral
- Servicio de Parasitología-Chagas, Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Potential Role of Carvedilol in the Cardiac Immune Response Induced by Experimental Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9205062. [PMID: 28377930 PMCID: PMC5362721 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9205062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi causes a cardiac infection characterized by an inflammatory imbalance that could become the inciting factor of the illness. To this end, we evaluated the role of carvedilol, a beta-blocker with potential immunomodulatory properties, on the immune response in C57BL/6 mice infected with VL-10 strain of T. cruzi in the acute phase. Animals (n = 40) were grouped: (i) not infected, (ii) infected, (iii) infected + carvedilol, and (iv) not infected + carvedilol. We analyzed parameters related to parasitemia, plasma levels of TNF, IL-10, and CCL2, and cardiac histopathology after the administration of carvedilol for 30 days. We did not observe differences in the maximum peaks of parasitemia in the day of their detection among the groups. The plasma TNF was elevated at 60 days of infection in mice treated or not with carvedilol. However, we observed a decreased CCL2 level and increased IL-10 levels in those infected animals treated with carvedilol, which impacted the reduction of the inflammatory infiltration in cardiac tissue. For this experimental model, carvedilol therapy was not able to alter the levels of circulating parasites but modulates the pattern of CCL2 and IL-10 mediators when the VL10 strain of T. cruzi was used in C57BL6 mice.
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13
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de Oliveira AP, Ayo CM, Bestetti RB, Brandão de Mattos CC, Cavasini CE, de Mattos LC. The role of CCR5 in Chagas disease - a systematic review. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:132-137. [PMID: 27539514 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The clinical manifestations result from the chronic forms of the disease: indeterminate, cardiac, digestive or mixed. The pathogenesis of this disease is related to the genetic variability of both the parasite and the host with polymorphisms of genes involved in immune response possibly being involved in the variable clinical course. Cytokines play a key role in regulating immune response, in particular chemokines exert a crucial role in the control of leukocyte migration during the host's response to infectious processes. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in the generation of inflammatory infiltrates and tissue damage. The involvement of the CC Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) in leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation has been elucidated and this receptor has been investigated in Chagas disease. Here we review the role of CCR5 in T. cruzi infection as well as its importance in the pathogenesis of the Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane M Ayo
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Bestetti
- Departamento de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinara C Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Cavasini
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Pinazo MJ, Thomas MC, Bustamante J, Almeida ICD, Lopez MC, Gascon J. Biomarkers of therapeutic responses in chronic Chagas disease: state of the art and future perspectives. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:422-32. [PMID: 25946151 PMCID: PMC4489480 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of a biomarker provided by the World Health Organization is any
substance, structure, or process that can be measured in the body, or its products
and influence, or predict the incidence or outcome of disease. Currently, the lack of
prognosis and progression markers for chronic Chagas disease has posed limitations
for testing new drugs to treat this neglected disease. Several molecules and
techniques to detect biomarkers in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected
patients have been proposed to assess whether specific treatment with benznidazole or
nifurtimox is effective. Isolated proteins or protein groups from different
T. cruzi stages and parasite-derived glycoproteins and synthetic
neoglycoconjugates have been demonstrated to be useful for this purpose, as have
nucleic acid amplification techniques. The amplification of T. cruzi
DNA using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method is the leading test
for assessing responses to treatment in a short period of time. Biochemical
biomarkers have been tested early after specific treatment. Cytokines and surface
markers represent promising molecules for the characterisation of host cellular
responses, but need to be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jesus Pinazo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Carmen Thomas
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López Neyra, National Research Council Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Bustamante
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Correia de Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Manuel-Carlos Lopez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López Neyra, National Research Council Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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McGovern KE, Wilson EH. Role of Chemokines and Trafficking of Immune Cells in Parasitic Infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:157-168. [PMID: 25383073 DOI: 10.2174/1573395509666131217000000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are diverse eukaryotic pathogens that can have complex life cycles. Their clearance, or control within a mammalian host requires the coordinated effort of the immune system. The cell types recruited to areas of infection can combat the disease, promote parasite replication and survival, or contribute to disease pathology. Location and timing of cell recruitment can be crucial. In this review, we explore the role chemokines play in orchestrating and balancing the immune response to achieve optimal control of parasite replication without promoting pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McGovern
- School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
| | - Emma H Wilson
- School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
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16
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de Souza SM, Vieira PMDA, Roatt BM, Reis LES, da Silva Fonseca K, Nogueira NC, Reis AB, Tafuri WL, Carneiro CM. Dogs infected with the blood trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi display an increase expression of cytokines and chemokines plus an intense cardiac parasitism during acute infection. Mol Immunol 2013; 58:92-7. [PMID: 24317279 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in immigration of people from areas endemic for Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) to the United States and Europe has raised concerns about the transmission via blood transfusion and organ transplants in these countries. Infection by these pathways occurs through blood trypomastigotes (BT), and these forms of T. cruzi are completely distinct of metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT), released by triatomine vector, in relation to parasite-host interaction. Thus, research comparing infection with these different infective forms is important for explaining the potential impacts on the disease course. Here, we investigated tissue parasitism and relative mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors in the heart during acute infection by MT or BT forms in dogs. BT-infected dogs presented a higher cardiac parasitism, increased relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines and of the chemokines CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL5/RANTES, and the chemokine receptor CCR5 during the acute phase of infection, as compared to MT-infected dogs. These results suggest that infection with BT forms may lead to an increased immune response, as revealed by the cytokines ratio, but this kind of immune response was not able to control the cardiac parasitism. Infection with the MT form presented an increase in the relative mRNA expression of IL-12p40 as compared to that of IL-10 or TGF-β1. Correlation analysis showed increased relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ as well as IL-10, which may be an immunomodulatory response, as well as an increase in the correlation of CCL5/RANTES and its CCR5 receptor. Our findings revealed a difference between inoculum sources of T. cruzi, as vectorial or transfusional routes of T. cruzi infection may trigger distinct parasite-host interactions during the acute phase, which may influence immunopathological aspects of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheler Martins de Souza
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Levi Eduardo Soares Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nívia Carolina Nogueira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Tafuri
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Honglin L, Wang J, Zhangwe T, Guzhi L, Zhouxu M. WITHDRAWN: Co-administration of CCL5 and IL4 enhances DNA vaccine-induced protective immunity to Ascaris suum infection in mice. Int J Parasitol 2013:S0020-7519(13)00105-7. [PMID: 23597869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Honglin
- Key Construction Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Henao-Martínez AF, Schwartz DA, Yang IV. Chagasic cardiomyopathy, from acute to chronic: is this mediated by host susceptibility factors? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2012; 106:521-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Ayimba E, Hegewald J, Ségbéna AY, Gantin RG, Lechner CJ, Agosssou A, Banla M, Soboslay PT. Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and chemokines in infants with uncomplicated and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 166:218-26. [PMID: 21985368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine and chemokine levels were studied in infants (<5 years) with uncomplicated (MM) and severe malaria tropica (SM), and in Plasmodium falciparum infection-free controls (NEG). Cytokine plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33 were strongly elevated in MM and SM compared to NEG (P<0·0001). Inversely, plasma concentrations of IL-27 were highest in NEG infants, lower in MM cases and lowest in those with SM (P<0·0001, NEG compared to MM and SM). The levels of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP3)-α/C-C ligand 20 (CCL20), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG)/CXCL9 and CXCL16 were enhanced in those with MM and SM (P<0·0001 compared to NEG), and MIP3-α/CCL20 and MIG/CXCL9 were correlated positively with parasite density, while that of IL-27 were correlated negatively. The levels of 6Ckine/CCL21 were similar in NEG, MM and SM. At 48-60 h post-anti-malaria treatment, the plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-13, MIG/CXCL9, CXCL16 and MIP3-α/CCL20 were clearly diminished compared to before treatment, while IL-17F, IL-27, IL-31 and IL-33 remained unchanged. In summary, elevated levels of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and chemokines were generated in infants during and after acute malaria tropica. The proinflammatory type cytokines IL-31 and IL-33 were enhanced strongly while regulatory IL-27 was diminished in those with severe malaria. Similarly, MIP3-α/CCL20 and CXCL16, which may promote leucocyte migration into brain parenchyma, displayed increased levels, while CCL21, which mediates immune surveillance in central nervous system tissues, remained unchanged. The observed cytokine and chemokine production profiles and their dynamics may prove useful in evaluating either the progression or the regression of malarial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ayimba
- Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Section Immunologie et Hématologie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Chevigné A, Fievez V, Schmit JC, Deroo S. Engineering and screening the N-terminus of chemokines for drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1438-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Castro-Sesquen YE, Gilman RH, Yauri V, Angulo N, Verastegui M, Velásquez DE, Sterling CR, Martin D, Bern C. Cavia porcellus as a model for experimental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:281-8. [PMID: 21703410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a natural reservoir for Trypanosoma cruzi but has seldom been used as an experimental infection model. We developed a guinea pig infection model for acute and chronic Chagas disease. Seventy-two guinea pigs were inoculated intradermally with 10(4) trypomastigotes of T. cruzi strain Y (experimental group); 18 guinea pigs were used as control group. Eight animals from the experimental group and two from the control group were sacrificed 5, 15, 20, 25, 40, 55, 115, 165, and 365 days after inoculation. During the acute phase (15 to 55 days), we observed parasitemia (with a peak on day 20) and positive IgM and IgG Western blots with anti-shed acute-phase antigen bands. The cardiac tissue showed vasculitis, necrosis (on days 40 to 55), moderate to severe inflammation, and abundant amastigote nests. Smaller numbers of amastigote nests were also present in kidney, brain, and other organs. In the early chronic phase (115 to 165 days), parasitemia disappeared and anti-T. cruzi IgG antibodies were still detectable. In cardiac tissue, the number of amastigote nests and the grade of inflammation decreased. In the chronic phase (365 days), the cardiac tissue showed vasculitis and fibrosis; detectable parasite DNA was associated with higher grades of inflammation. The experimental T. cruzi infection model in guinea pigs shows kinetics and pathologic changes similar to those of the human disease.
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Talvani A, Teixeira MM. Inflammation and Chagas disease some mechanisms and relevance. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 76:171-94. [PMID: 21884892 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385895-5.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy is caused by infection with flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. In patients, there is a fine balance between control of the replication and the intensity of the inflammatory response so that the host is unable to eliminate the parasite resulting in the parasite persisting as a lifelong infection in most individuals. However, the parasite persists in such a way that it causes no or little disease. This chapter reviews our understanding of many of the mediators of inflammation and cells which are involved in the inflammatory response of mammals to T. cruzi infection. Particular emphasis is given to the role of chemokines, endothelin and lipid mediators. Understanding the full range of mediators and cells present and how they interact with each other in Chagas disease may shed light on how we modulate disease pathogenesis and define new approaches to treat or prevent the disease.
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