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Hauserman MR, Ferraro MJ, Carroll RK, Rice KC. Altered quorum sensing and physiology of Staphylococcus aureus during spaceflight detected by multi-omics data analysis. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38191486 PMCID: PMC10774393 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the nares of approximately 30% of humans, a risk factor for opportunistic infections. To gain insight into S. aureus virulence potential in the spaceflight environment, we analyzed RNA-Seq, cellular proteomics, and metabolomics data from the "Biological Research in Canisters-23" (BRIC-23) GeneLab spaceflight experiment, a mission designed to measure the response of S. aureus to growth in low earth orbit on the international space station. This experiment used Biological Research in Canisters-Petri Dish Fixation Units (BRIC-PDFUs) to grow asynchronous ground control and spaceflight cultures of S. aureus for 48 h. RNAIII, the effector of the Accessory Gene Regulator (Agr) quorum sensing system, was the most highly upregulated gene transcript in spaceflight relative to ground controls. The agr operon gene transcripts were also highly upregulated during spaceflight, followed by genes encoding phenol-soluble modulins and secreted proteases, which are positively regulated by Agr. Upregulated spaceflight genes/proteins also had functions related to urease activity, type VII-like Ess secretion, and copper transport. We also performed secretome analysis of BRIC-23 culture supernatants, which revealed that spaceflight samples had increased abundance of secreted virulence factors, including Agr-regulated proteases (SspA, SspB), staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc), and EsxA (secreted by the Ess system). These data also indicated that S. aureus metabolism is altered in spaceflight conditions relative to the ground controls. Collectively, these data suggest that S. aureus experiences increased quorum sensing and altered expression of virulence factors in response to the spaceflight environment that may impact its pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hauserman
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mariola J Ferraro
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kelly C Rice
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Sekimizu K. The Usefulness of Silkworms as a Model Animal for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Medicine and Food. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:551-562. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Imae K, Saito Y, Kizaki H, Ryuno H, Mao H, Miyashita A, Suzuki Y, Sekimizu K, Kaito C. Novel Nucleoside Diphosphatase Contributes to Staphylococcus aureus Virulence. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18608-18619. [PMID: 27422825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified SA1684 as a Staphylococcus aureus virulence gene using a silkworm infection model. The SA1684 gene product carried the DUF402 domain, which is found in RNA-binding proteins, and had amino acid sequence similarity with a nucleoside diphosphatase, Streptomyces coelicolor SC4828 protein. The SA1684-deletion mutant exhibited drastically decreased virulence, in which the LD50 against silkworms was more than 10 times that of the parent strain. The SA1684-deletion mutant also exhibited decreased exotoxin production and colony-spreading ability. Purified SA1684 protein had Mn(2+)- or Co(2+)-dependent hydrolyzing activity against nucleoside diphosphates. Alanine substitutions of Tyr-88, Asp-106, and Asp-123/Glu-124, which are conserved between SA1684 and SC4828, diminished the nucleoside diphosphatase activity. Introduction of the wild-type SA1684 gene restored the hemolysin production of the SA1684-deletion mutant, whereas none of the alanine-substituted SA1684 mutant genes restored the hemolysin production. RNA sequence analysis revealed that SA1684 is required for the expression of the virulence regulatory genes agr, sarZ, and sarX, as well as metabolic genes involved in glycolysis and fermentation pathways. These findings suggest that the novel nucleoside diphosphatase SA1684 links metabolic pathways and virulence gene expression and plays an important role in S. aureus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Imae
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Yuki Saito
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Hayato Kizaki
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Hiroki Ryuno
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Han Mao
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Atsushi Miyashita
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- the Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
| | - Chikara Kaito
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, 7-Chome, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 and
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Jamrozy DM, Harris SR, Mohamed N, Peacock SJ, Tan CY, Parkhill J, Anderson AS, Holden MTG. Pan-genomic perspective on the evolution of the Staphylococcus aureus USA300 epidemic. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000058. [PMID: 28348852 PMCID: PMC5320670 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus USA300 represents the dominant community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus lineage in the USA, where it is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Previous comparative genomic studies have described the population structure and evolution of USA300 based on geographically restricted isolate collections. Here, we investigated the USA300 population by sequencing genomes of a geographically distributed panel of 191 clinical S. aureus isolates belonging to clonal complex 8 (CC8), derived from the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial program. Isolates were collected at 12 healthcare centres across nine USA states in 2004, 2009 or 2010. Reconstruction of evolutionary relationships revealed that CC8 was dominated by USA300 isolates (154/191, 81 %), which were heterogeneous and demonstrated limited phylogeographic clustering. Analysis of the USA300 core genomes revealed an increase in median pairwise SNP distance from 62 to 98 between 2004 and 2010, with a stable pattern of above average dN/dS ratios. The phylogeny of the USA300 population indicated that early diversification events led to the formation of nested clades, which arose through cumulative acquisition of predominantly non-synonymous SNPs in various coding sequences. The accessory genome of USA300 was largely homogenous and consisted of elements previously associated with this lineage. We observed an emergence of SCCmec negative and ACME negative USA300 isolates amongst more recent samples, and an increase in the prevalence of ϕSa5 prophage. Together, the analysed S. aureus USA300 collection revealed an evolving pan-genome through increased core genome heterogeneity and temporal variation in the frequency of certain accessory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naglaa Mohamed
- Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Charles Y. Tan
- Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA
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Matsumoto Y, Sekimizu K. A hyperglycemic silkworm model for evaluating hypoglycemic activity of Rehmanniae Radix, an herbal medicine. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:14-8. [PMID: 26902904 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm shows hyperglycemia after intake of diet containing large amount of glucose. The hyperglycemic silkworm model is useful for evaluation of anti-diabetic drugs. A hot water extract of Rehmanniae Radix, an herbal medicine, showed hypoglycemic effect against the hyperglycemic silkworms. This method is applicable for quick and simple evaluation of the hypoglycemic activities of different batches of Rehmanniae Radix. Our findings suggest that silkworms have a lot of merit as experimental animals for evaluation of various herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Kaito C. Understanding of bacterial virulence using the silkworm infection model. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:30-3. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Kaito
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Miyashita A, Iyoda S, Ishii K, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Kaito C. Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is required for killing both insects and mammals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 333:59-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miyashita
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo; Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Sunao Iyoda
- Department of Bacteriology; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Shinjuku-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishii
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo; Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo; Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo; Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Hongo; Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo; Japan
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Matsumoto Y, Miyazaki S, Fukunaga DH, Shimizu K, Kawamoto S, Sekimizu K. Quantitative evaluation of cryptococcal pathogenesis and antifungal drugs using a silkworm infection model with Cryptococcus neoformans. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 112:138-46. [PMID: 22040451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop an in vivo system that could quantitatively evaluate the therapeutic effects of antifungal drugs using a silkworm infection model with Cryptococcus neoformans. METHODS AND RESULTS Silkworms reared at 37°C died after an injection of viable serotype A C. neoformans fungus into the haemolymph. The serotype A C. neoformans, which is known to have higher mammal pathogenicity than the serotype D, was also more virulent against the silkworm. Furthermore, the deletion mutants of genes gpa1, pka1 and cna1, which are genes known to be necessary for the pathogenesis in mammals, showed an increase in the number of fungal cells necessary to kill half of the silkworm population (LD(50) value). Antifungal drugs, amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole and ketoconazole, showed therapeutic effects in silkworms infected with C. neoformans. However, amphotericin B was not therapeutically effective when injected into the silkworm intestine, comparable to the fact that amphotericin B is not absorbed by the intestine in mammals. CONCLUSIONS The silkworm-C. neoformans infection model is useful for evaluating the therapeutic effects of antifungal drugs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The silkworm infection model has various advantages for screening antifungal drug candidates. We can also elucidate the cryptococcal pathogenesis and evaluate the in vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicity of each drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Miyazaki S, Matsumoto Y, Sekimizu K, Kaito C. Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors using a silkworm model. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 326:116-24. [PMID: 22092964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the silkworm model is useful for identifying virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus, a human pathogenic bacterium. Here we examined the scope of S. aureus virulence factors that can be evaluated using the silkworm model. Gene-disrupted mutants of the agr locus, arlS gene and saeS gene, which regulate the expression of cell surface adhesins and hemolysins, exhibited attenuated virulence in silkworms. Mutants of the hla gene encoding α-hemolysin, the hlb gene encoding β-hemolysin, and the psmα and psmβ operons encoding cytolysins, however, showed virulence in silkworms indistinguishable from that of the parent strain. Thus, these S. aureus cytolysins are not required for virulence in silkworms. In contrast, the gene-disrupted mutants of clfB, fnbB and sdrC, which encode cell-wall-anchored proteins, attenuated S. aureus virulence in silkworms. In addition, the mutant of the srtA gene encoding sortase A, which anchors cell-wall proteins, showed attenuated virulence in silkworms. These findings suggest that the silkworm model can be used to evaluate S. aureus cell-wall proteins and regulatory proteins as virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Kaito C, Usui K, Kyuma T, Sekimizu K. Isolation of mammalian pathogenic bacteria using silkworms. Drug Discov Ther 2011; 5:66-70. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Kaito
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kimihito Usui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tatsuhiko Kyuma
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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