Antifungal, antiradical and cytotoxic activities of extractives obtained from Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae), a potential acaricide plant species

UHPLC-OrbiTrap MS Characterization of Phenolic Profiles in French Marigold Extracts and Analysis of Their Antifeedant Activity against Colorado Potato Beetle

French marigold is an aromatic plant rich in polyphenolic secondary metabolites, which pesticidal potential was examined in this study. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) connected with OrbiTrap mass spectrometer (MS) identified 113 phenolics and revealed the most detailed phytochemistry of French marigold published so far. Depending on plant material (flowers or leaves) and solvents used for extraction (water, methanol, dichloromethane), the phenolic composition varied. Methanol extract of flowers, with 89 identified phenolics and high antioxidant activity statistically comparable with positive control Trolox, was chosen for testing of antifeedant potential against the 3rd and 4th instars of Colorado potato beetle (CPB). A significant reduction in final body mass of 4th larval stage fed with potato leaves coated with methanol extract of flowers in the concentration of 10 mg/mL was observed (157.67 mg vs. 182.26 mg of controls fed with non-treated leaves). This caused delayed molting since treated larvae reached the maximal mass a day after controls and this delay persisted during the entire larval development. Continuous feeding caused a 25% decline in digestive proteolytic activity of the 4th instar in comparison to controls. The results suggest that French marigold methanol extract of flowers could be proposed as a promising antifeedant for CPB management, with an impact on the reduction in the environmental footprint associated with synthetic pesticide application.

Antineoplastic potential and chemical evaluation of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Tagetes ostenii Hicken

Breast and cervical cancer represent a major problem of women's global public health. Here, we investigated the chemical composition of essential oils from leaves and flowers of T. ostenii and the antineoplastic potential in a cervical cancer and breast cancer cell line, SiHa and MCF-7; and non-tumoral cells, HaCat. The chemical analysis revealed a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes in both essential oils. The IC50 after 24 h of treatment was 72 ng/mL for EO 1 and 83 ng/mL for EO 2 in SiHa cells. For MCF-7 the IC50 was 174.3 ng/mL for EO 1. For HaCat cells it was 54.45 ng/mL for EO 1 and 20.83 ng/mL for EO 2. A synergistic effect with both essential oils and cisplatin was also verified. SiHa cells had their wound healing capacity reduced after 48 h of treatment with EO 2 and both essential oils were able to significantly inhibit the adhesion process and clonogenic ability after 24 h of treatment. Our results suggest a long-lasting inhibitory activity in SiHa cells because of the low recovery capacity of cells after treatment withdrawal. Flow cytometer with annexin V/propidium iodide demonstrated a majority cell death through late apoptosis after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment.

Traditional uses, Phyto-chemistry and pharmacological activities of Tagetes Patula L

ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Tagetes patula L. an important medicinal plant of Asteraceae family is worldwide distributed and reported for its folkloric use in various disorders like skin, eye problems, injury and stomach issues by different communities of China, Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

AIM OF THIS REVIEW

The present review has focused the ethnomedicinal and traditional uses of T. patula with special reference to Asian countries. Chemical constituents and pharmacological aspects of T. patula was explored. After reading the review the researchers may able to find new insights to further investigate this plant.

REVISION OF LITERATURE

Google scholar, PubMed, and Science direct, were the major search engines used to get relevant information based on articles and books.

RESULTS

and Discussion: The ethno-botanical aspects were recorded, the pharmacological aspects like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-parasitic and anti-diabetic potentials evaluated both in vivo and in vitro is described. The toxicity or allergic manifestation with the use of the plant is also a section in the article. It is a rich source for thiophene derivatives, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenes and terpenoids. Various gaps were pointed out for researchers that need to be investigated.

CONCLUSION

Various traditional uses have been reported in Asian countries that need to be scientifically investigated in depth and several pharmacological activities have been reported for the T. patula but more detailed and mechanism-based studies linked to a particular lead compound need to be targeted in future.

Antibacterial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity capacities of Doronicum macrolepis (FREYN&SINT): An endemic plant from Turkey

In the present study, the antioxidant, enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterase) and antimicrobial (MIC) activities of three different solvent (ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate) extracts of stem, root, and flower of Doronicum macrolepis plant were investigated. In addition to this, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil were determined. Antioxidant activity was detected using ABTS and DPPH assays. Antimicrobial activity evaluated by microdilution method against to nineteen microorganisms. Also, enzyme inhibition activities were determined by colorimetric methods. Essential oil of the plant extracted by hydrodistilation and characterized using GC/MS. The antioxidant properties of the flower were determined to be higher than those of the other segments of this plant. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also found to be higher in the flower parts. The highest enzyme inhibition activity was observed to be α-amylase (221.54 mmol ACAE/g extract) in flower ethylacetate extract, α-glucosidase (15.32 mmol ACAE/g extract) in flower ethanol extract, and cholinesterase (AChE: 2.4 and BChE: 22.35 mg GALE/g extract) in stem ethylacetate extract. Besides them, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was found to be higher than the extracts. It showed a high level of inhibition especially on E. coli at 4 µg/ml concentration. Moreover, remarkable inhibition was observed for two candida strains tested. In conclusion, the results suggest that, because of its bioactivity including the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition properties, the D. macrolepis can be accepted as a promising and natural source for the industrial applications. The present study is the first study, in which the bioactive components and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition properties of endemic D. macrolepis plant were determined.

Evaluation of Tagetes patula (Asteraceae) as an ecological alternative in the search for natural control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is a great sanitary problem and causes huge losses to livestock, being a vector of important diseases. The aim of this work was to verify the action of plant-derived material obtained from Tagetes patula on the life cycle of R. microplus, as well as to analyze the action of these extracts on ovary cells of engorged females. In the Adult Immersion Test, the crude ethanolic extract (Tp_EtOH) showed an efficacy of 99.2% (LC₅₀ = 18.60 mg mL^-1). From the repellency test, it was found that both the Tp_EtOH and essential oil were 100% efficient on the larval stage. In addition, in the Larval Package Test, a mortality of 98.37% was obtained with Tp_EtOH (LC₅₀ = 3.798 mg mL^-1). From the microscopic analysis of ovary cells, morphological changes in the chorion and cytoplasm of oocytes were observed, with vacuolization around the germinal vesicle and disorganization of the pedicular cells, suggesting an interference in the normal embryogenic formation of the larvae. These results demonstrate that T. patula extracts interfere at all stages of development of the ixodid, from eggs to adults forms, and have a pronounced repellent effect. In addition, the results of the cytotoxicity assays performed on keratinocytes, as well as previous information on oral and dermal acute toxicity (LD₅₀ > 4000 mg kg^-1), attest that T. patula can be a safe alternative for ectoparasitic control, representing an alternative for development of a formulation used to help control populations of ticks in the field.

Tagetes spp. Essential Oils and Other Extracts: Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity

Tagetes (marigold) is native to America, and its cultivation currently extends to other countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Many species of this genus, such as T. minuta, T. erecta, T. patula, and T. tenuifolia, are cultivated as ornamental plants and studied for their medicinal properties on the basis of their use in folk medicine. Different parts of the Tagetes species are used as remedies to treat various health problems, including dental, stomach, intestinal, emotional, and nervous disorders, as well as muscular pain, across the world. Furthermore, these plants are studied in the field of agriculture for their fungicidal, bactericidal, and insecticidal activities. The phytochemical composition of the extracts of different Tagetes species parts are reported in this work. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory properties. Cultivation and the factors affecting the chemical composition of Tagetes species are also covered. In the current work, available literature on Tagetes species in traditional medicine, their application as a food preservative, and their antimicrobial activities are reviewed.

Larvicidal Activity against Aedes aegypti and Chemical Characterization of the Inflorescences of Tagetes patula

The crude acetone extract (CAE) of defatted inflorescences of Tagetes patula was partitioned into five semipurified fractions: n-hexane (HF), dichloromethane (DF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF), and aqueous (AQF). BF was fractionated by reversed-phase polyamide column chromatography, obtaining 34 subfractions, which were subjected to HSCCC, where patuletin and patulitrin were isolated. CAE and the fractions BF, EAF, DF, and AQF were analyzed by LC-DAD-MS, and patuletin and patulitrin were determined as the major substances in EAF and BF, respectively. BF was also analyzed by HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE), and patulitrin was again determined to be the main substance in this fraction. CAE and the semipurified fractions (750, 500, 300, 100, and 50 mg/L) were assayed for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, with mortality rate expressed as percentage. All fractions except AQF showed insecticidal activity after 24 h exposure of larvae to the highest concentration. However, EAF showed the highest activity with more than 50% reduction in larval population at 50 mg/L. The insecticidal activity observed with EAF might have been due to the higher concentration of patuletin present in this fraction.