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Oliveira M, Cunha E, Tavares L, Serrano I. P. aeruginosa interactions with other microbes in biofilms during co-infection. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:612-646. [PMID: 38173971 PMCID: PMC10758579 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the topic of biofilms, including their development and the interaction between different counterparts. There is evidence that various diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, otitis media, diabetic foot wound infections, and certain cancers, are promoted and aggravated by the presence of polymicrobial biofilms. Biofilms are composed by heterogeneous communities of microorganisms protected by a matrix of polysaccharides. The different types of interactions between microorganisms gives rise to an increased resistance to antimicrobials and to the host's defense mechanisms, with the consequent worsening of disease symptoms. Therefore, infections caused by polymicrobial biofilms affecting different human organs and systems will be discussed, as well as the role of the interactions between the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is at the base of major polymicrobial infections, and other bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the establishment of human infections and diseases. Considering that polymicrobial biofilms are key to bacterial pathogenicity, it is fundamental to evaluate which microbes are involved in a certain disease to convey an appropriate and efficacious antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Mashayamombe M, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira A, Fitridge R, Zilm PS, Kidd SP. Subpopulations in Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Provide Antibiotic Tolerance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020406. [PMID: 36830316 PMCID: PMC9952555 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to colonise different niches across the human body is linked to an adaptable metabolic capability, as well as its ability to persist within specific tissues despite adverse conditions. In many cases, as S. aureus proliferates within an anatomical niche, there is an associated pathology. The immune response, together with medical interventions such as antibiotics, often removes the S. aureus cells that are causing this disease. However, a common issue in S. aureus infections is a relapse of disease. Within infected tissue, S. aureus exists as a population of cells, and it adopts a diversity of cell types. In evolutionary biology, the concept of "bet-hedging" has established that even in positive conditions, there are members that arise within a population that would be present as non-beneficial, but if those conditions change, these traits could allow survival. For S. aureus, some of these cells within an infection have a reduced fitness, are not rapidly proliferating or are the cause of an active host response and disease, but these do remain even after the disease seems to have been cleared. This is true for persistence against immune responses but also as a continual presence in spite of antibiotic treatment. We propose that the constant arousal of suboptimal populations at any timepoint is a key strategy for S. aureus long-term infection and survival. Thus, understanding the molecular basis for this feature could be instrumental to combat persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matipaishe Mashayamombe
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Institute, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Peter S. Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Kidd
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Luyet C, Elvati P, Vinh J, Violi A. Low-THz Vibrations of Biological Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13020139. [PMID: 36837641 PMCID: PMC9965665 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of work has linked key biological activities to the mechanical properties of cellular membranes, and as a means of identification. Here, we present a computational approach to simulate and compare the vibrational spectra in the low-THz region for mammalian and bacterial membranes, investigating the effect of membrane asymmetry and composition, as well as the conserved frequencies of a specific cell. We find that asymmetry does not impact the vibrational spectra, and the impact of sterols depends on the mobility of the components of the membrane. We demonstrate that vibrational spectra can be used to distinguish between membranes and, therefore, could be used in identification of different organisms. The method presented, here, can be immediately extended to other biological structures (e.g., amyloid fibers, polysaccharides, and protein-ligand structures) in order to fingerprint and understand vibrations of numerous biologically-relevant nanoscale structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Luyet
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Paolo Elvati
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Jordan Vinh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Angela Violi
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mohammadian F, Rahmani HK, Bidarian B, Khoramian B. Isolation and evaluation of the efficacy of bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant (MDR), methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and biofilm-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from bovine mastitis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:406. [PMID: 36384653 PMCID: PMC9670557 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major causes of bovine mastitis with significant economic losses around the worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and biofilm-producing strains of S. aureus challenges the treatment strategies based on the antibiotic application. Today, alternative or combinational treatment options such as bacteriophage application has received much attention. The goal of the present study was to focus on isolation and evaluation of the efficacy of bacteriophages with specific lytic activity against S. aureus strains with low cure rates (MDR, MRSA and biofilm-producing strains). Results In the present study, two phages belonging to the Podoviridae family with specific lytic activity against S. aureus were isolated from the sewage of dairy farms and designated as Staphylococcus phage M8 and Staphylococcus phage B4. Latent period and burst size for Staphylococcus phage M8 (70 min, 72 PFU/cell) and Staphylococcus phage B4 (30 min, 447 PFU/cell) were also defined. Our results revealed the susceptibility of MDR (4/20; 20%), MRSA (4/13; 30.8%) and biofilm-producing (1/10; 10%) strains to Staphylococcus phage M8. Moreover, one biofilm-producing strain (1/10; 10%) was susceptible to Staphylococcus phage B4. Furthermore, both phages kept their lytic activity in milk. They reduced the S. aureus population by about 3 logs in cultured milk after 8 h of incubation. Conclusion In conclusion, it seems that both phages had the potential to serve as biological control agents alone or in combination with other agents such as antibiotics against infections induced by S. aureus. However, further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of these phages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadian
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province Iran
| | - Hamideh Kalateh Rahmani
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behnam Bidarian
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province Iran
| | - Babak Khoramian
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province Iran
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Lazenby JJ, Li ES, Whitchurch CB. Cell wall deficiency - an alternate bacterial lifestyle? MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35925044 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Historically, many species of bacteria have been reported to produce viable, cell wall deficient (CWD) variants. A variety of terms have been used to refer to CWD bacteria and a plethora of methods described in which to induce, cultivate and propagate them. In this review, we will examine the long history of scientific research on CWD bacteria examining the methods by which CWD bacteria are generated; the requirements for survival in a CWD state; the replicative processes within a CWD state; and the reversion of CWD bacteria into a walled state, or lack thereof. In doing so, we will present evidence that not all CWD variants are alike and that, at least in some cases, CWD variants arise through an adaptive lifestyle switch that enables them to live and thrive without a cell wall, often to avoid antimicrobial activity. Finally, the implications of CWD bacteria in recurring infections, tolerance to antibiotic therapy and antimicrobial resistance will be examined to illustrate the importance of greater understanding of the CWD bacteria in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lazenby
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Erica S Li
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Cynthia B Whitchurch
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TK, UK
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Wang M, Buist G, van Dijl JM. Staphylococcus aureus cell wall maintenance - the multifaceted roles of peptidoglycan hydrolases in bacterial growth, fitness, and virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6604383. [PMID: 35675307 PMCID: PMC9616470 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and livestock pathogen that is well-protected against environmental insults by a thick cell wall. Accordingly, the wall is a major target of present-day antimicrobial therapy. Unfortunately, S. aureus has mastered the art of antimicrobial resistance, as underscored by the global spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The major cell wall component is peptidoglycan. Importantly, the peptidoglycan network is not only vital for cell wall function, but it also represents a bacterial Achilles' heel. In particular, this network is continuously opened by no less than 18 different peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) encoded by the S. aureus core genome, which facilitate bacterial growth and division. This focuses attention on the specific functions executed by these enzymes, their subcellular localization, their control at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, their contributions to staphylococcal virulence and their overall importance in bacterial homeostasis. As highlighted in the present review, our understanding of the different aspects of PGH function in S. aureus has been substantially increased over recent years. This is important because it opens up new possibilities to exploit PGHs as innovative targets for next-generation antimicrobials, passive or active immunization strategies, or even to engineer them into effective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Corresponding author: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. box 30001, HPC EB80, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands, Tel. +31-50-3615187; Fax. +31-50-3619105; E-mail:
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Zhuang SF, Hu J, Qiao N, Lan ZH, Lai JY, Wu JG, Wu XY. Low-grade fever during COVID-19 convalescence: A report of 3 cases. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2655-2661. [PMID: 32607346 PMCID: PMC7322412 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i12.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade fever during convalescence is an atypical symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Reports of such cases are rare, and the mechanism and outcome of low-grade fever during COVID-19 convalescence are not completely clear. We report 3 cases with low-grade fever during COVID-19 convalescence and highlight the main clinical, radiographic, and laboratory characteristics, thereby increasing the level of expertise in the clinical management of COVID-19 during convalescence and facilitating individualized decision-making.
CASE SUMMARY We describe 3 patients with COVID-19, two females aged 62 and 66 years and a male 55 years, who had low-grade fever during COVID-19 convalescence. All 3 patients had no other discomfort or comorbidities during low-grade process. Lesions on computed tomography in all 3 patients had resolved during this period. Two patients tested negative on two consecutive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 tests with an interval of at least 24 h between tests. Body temperature in all 3 patients returned to normal after several days without treatment, and fever recurrence was not observed.
CONCLUSION Enhancing the knowledge of low-grade fever during COVID-19 convalescence may increase the expertise in the delivery of optimal healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Department of Student Affairs, Jiangxi Institute of Economic Administrators, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Lan
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Yu Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Guang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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