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Berisha H, Horváth G, Fišer Ž, Balázs G, Fišer C, Herczeg G. Sex-dependent increase of movement activity in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus following adaptation to a predator-free cave habitat. Curr Zool 2023; 69:418-425. [PMID: 37614916 PMCID: PMC10443615 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations experiencing negligible predation pressure are expected to evolve higher behavioral activity. However, when sexes have different expected benefits from high activity, the adaptive shift is expected to be sex-specific. Here, we compared movement activity of one cave (lack of predation) and three adjacent surface (high and diverse predation) populations of Asellus aquaticus, a freshwater isopod known for its independent colonization of several caves across Europe. We predicted 1) higher activity in cave than in surface populations, with 2) the difference being more pronounced in males as they are known for active mate searching behavior, while females are not. Activity was assessed both in the presence and absence of light. Our results supported both predictions: movement activity was higher in the cave than in the surface populations, particularly in males. Relaxed predation pressure in the cave-adapted population is most likely the main selective factor behind increased behavioral activity, but we also showed that the extent of increase is sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajriz Berisha
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Biological Institute, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - Gergely Horváth
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Biological Institute, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
- ELKH-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - Žiga Fišer
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gergely Balázs
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Biological Institute, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
- ELKH-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - Cene Fišer
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Biological Institute, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
- ELKH-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
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Horváth G, Kerekes K, Nyitrai V, Balázs G, Berisha H, Herczeg G. Exploratory behaviour divergence between surface populations, cave colonists and a cave population in the water louse, Asellus aquaticus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Behaviour is considered among the most important factors in colonising new
habitats. While population divergence in behaviour is well-documented, intraspecific
variation in exploratory behaviour in species with populations successfully colonising and
adapting to extreme (compared to the ‘typical’) habitats is less understood. Here, by studying
surface- vs. cave-adapted populations of water louse (Asellus aquaticus), we tested whether (i)
adaptation to the special, ecologically isolated cave habitat includes a decrease in
explorativeness and (ii) recent, surface-type cave colonists are more explorative than their
surface conspecifics from the source population. We repeatedly tested dispersal related novel
area exploration and dispersal speed in both the presence and absence of light. We found that
surface populations showed higher behavioural activity in dark than in light, and they were
more explorative and dispersed faster than their cave conspecifics. Recent colonists showed a
trend of higher dispersal speed compared to their source surface population. We suggest that
extreme and isolated habitats like caves might work as ‘dispersal traps’ following successful
colonisation, because adaptation to these habitats includes the reduction of explorativeness.
Furthermore, we suggest that individuals with higher explorativeness are likely to
colonise markedly new environments. Finally, we provide experimental evidence about
surface A. aquaticus moving more in dark than in light.
Significance statement
Environmental conditions in caves are differing drastically from those of the surface. Consequently, animals colonising subterranean habitats are subject to different selective forces than those experienced by the ancestral surface-living population. Behaviour is believed to be a key factor in successful colonisation to novel habitats; however, intraspecific behavioural variation in species with both surface- and cave-adapted populations is less known. Here, we compared dispersal related novel area exploration and dispersal speed across surface and cave-adapted populations of the freshwater crustacean Asellus aquaticus. Our results show that cave-adapted A. aquaticus are significantly less explorative and disperse slower than surface-type populations, indicating that caves may act as ‘dispersal traps’, where adaptation includes the loss of explorativeness. Also, recent cave colonists show a trend to be faster dispersers than peers from the surface source population, suggesting that individuals with higher explorativeness are likely to colonise markedly different new environments.
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Herczeg G, Nyitrai V, Balázs G, Horváth G. Food preference and food type innovation of surface- vs. cave-dwelling waterlouse (Asellus aquaticus) after 60 000 years of isolation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Behavioural innovativeness is important for colonising new habitats; however, it is also costly. Along the colonisation event of a simple, stable and isolated habitat offering only new food sources, one could hypothesize that the colonising individuals are more innovative than the average in their source population, showing preference to the new resource, while after colonisation, the adapted population will lose its innovativeness and become specialised to the new resource. To test this hypothesis, we compared food preference and food type innovation of a cave-dwelling waterlouse (Asellus aquaticus) population (genetically isolated for at least 60 000 years) to three surface-dwelling populations, also sampling individuals that have recently entered the cave (‘colonists’). In the cave, the only food sources are endogenous bacterial mats, while surface populations feed on various living and dead plant material together with their fungal and bacterial overgrow. We assayed all populations with the familiar and unfamiliar food types from the natural habitats and two novel food types not occurring in the natural habitats of the species. We found that all populations preferred surface to cave food and consumed the unnatural novel food types. Surface populations avoided cave food and colonists spent the most time with feeding on surface food. We conclude that the cave population maintained its preference for surface food and did not lose its food type innovativeness. We suggest that adapting to the special cave food was a major challenge in colonising the cave.
Significance statement
Behavioural innovativeness is a key trait for adapting to environmental changes or to colonise new habitats. However, it has developmental and maintenance costs due to the high energy need of the necessary sensory and neural organs. Therefore, we asked whether behavioural innovativeness decreases after colonising an isolated, stable and highly specialised habitat. By comparing food type innovativeness of surface-dwelling populations of waterlouse (Asellus aquaticus) to a population that has colonised a cave at least 60 000 years ago, we found that the high innovativeness towards unnatural food was retained in the cave population. Further, all populations preferred surface food (decaying leaves), with surface populations almost completely avoiding cave food (endogenous bacteria mats). We suggest that (i) food type innovativeness is evolutionary rigid in our system and (ii) the cave food was rather an obstacle against than a trigger of cave colonisation.
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Herczeg G, Hafenscher VP, Balázs G, Fišer Ž, Kralj‐Fišer S, Horváth G. Is foraging innovation lost following colonization of a less variable environment? A case study in surface- vs. cave-dwelling Asellus aquaticus. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5323-5331. [PMID: 32607155 PMCID: PMC7319158 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral innovation is a key process for successful colonization of new habitat types. However, it is costly due to the necessary cognitive and neural demands and typically connected to ecological generalism. Therefore, loss of behavioral innovativeness is predicted following colonization of new, simple, and invariable environments. We tested this prediction by studying foraging innovativeness in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus. We sampled its populations along the route of colonizing a thermokarstic water-filled cave (simple, stable habitat with only bacterial mats as food) from surface habitats (variable environment, wide variety of food). The studied cave population separated from the surface populations at least 60,000 years ago. Animals were tested both with familiar and novel food types (cave food: bacterial mats; surface food: decaying leaves). Irrespective of food type, cave individuals were more likely to feed than surface individuals. Further, animals from all populations fed longer on leaves than on bacteria, even though leaves were novel for the cave animals. Our results support that cave A. aquaticus did not lose the ability to use the ancestral (surface) food type after adapting to a simple, stable, and highly specialized habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyBiological InstituteEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Viktória P. Hafenscher
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyBiological InstituteEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Balázs
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyBiological InstituteEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Žiga Fišer
- Department of BiologyBiotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Simona Kralj‐Fišer
- Institute of BiologyResearch Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and ArtsLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Gergely Horváth
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyBiological InstituteEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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Enyedi NT, Anda D, Borsodi AK, Szabó A, Pál SE, Óvári M, Márialigeti K, Kovács-Bodor P, Mádl-Szőnyi J, Makk J. Radioactive environment adapted bacterial communities constituting the biofilms of hydrothermal spring caves (Budapest, Hungary). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 203:8-17. [PMID: 30844681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermal waters of Gellért Hill discharge area of the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary) are characterized by high (up to 1000 Bq/L) 222Rn-activity due to the radium-accumulating biogeochemical layers. Samples were taken from these ferruginous and calcareous layers developed on spring cave walls and water surface. Accumulation of potentially toxic metals (e.g. As, Hg, Pb, Sn, Sr, Zn) in the dense extracellular polymeric substance containing bacterial cells and remains was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The comparison of bacterial phylogenetic diversity of the biofilm samples was performed by high throughput next generation sequencing (NGS). The analysis showed similar sets of mainly unidentified taxa of phyla Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes; however, large differences were found in their abundance. Cultivation-based method complemented with irradiation assay was performed using 5, 10 and 15 kGy doses of gamma-rays from a 60Co-source to reveal the extreme radiation-resistant bacteria. The phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (classes Alpha- Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria), Bacteriodetes and Deinococcus-Thermus were represented among the 452 bacterial strains. The applied irradiation treatments promoted the isolation of 100 different species, involving candidate novel species, as well. The vast majority of the isolates belonged to bacterial taxa previously unknown as radiation-resistant microorganisms. Members of the genera Paracoccus, Marmoricola, Dermacoccus and Kytococcus were identified from the 15 kGy dose irradiated samples. The close relatives of several known radiation-tolerant bacteria were also detected from the biofilm samples, alongside with bacteria capable of detoxification by metal accumulation, adsorption and precipitation in the form of calcium-carbonate which possibly maintain the viability of the habitat. The results suggest the establishment of a unique, extremophilic microbiota in the studied hydrothermal spring caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Tünde Enyedi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Anda
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, H-1113, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea K Borsodi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, H-1113, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sára Eszter Pál
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mihály Óvári
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, H-1113, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Károly Márialigeti
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Petra Kovács-Bodor
- Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judit Mádl-Szőnyi
- Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judit Makk
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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6
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Makk J, Enyedi NT, Tóth E, Anda D, Szabó A, Felföldi T, Schumann P, Mádl-Szőnyi J, Borsodi AK. Deinococcus fonticola sp. nov., isolated from a radioactive thermal spring in Hungary. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1724-1730. [PMID: 31038452 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain FeSDHB5-19T, was isolated from a biofilm sample collected from a radioactive thermal spring (Budapest, Hungary), after exposure to 5 kGy gamma radiation. A polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomic properties of strain FeSDHB5-19T, which had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Deinococcus antarcticus G3-6-20T (96.5 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of other Deinococcus species were 93.0 % or lower. The DNA G+C content of the draft genome sequence, consisting of 3.9 Mb, was 63.9 mol%. Strain FeSHDB5-19T was found to grow at temperatures of 10-32 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and pH 5-10 (pH 6.5-7.5) and tolerated up to 1.5 % NaCl (w/v) with optimum growth at 0-0.5 % NaCl. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly1-2. The whole-cell sugars were glucose and low amounts of galactose. Strain FeSDHB5-19T possessed MK-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone, typical of the genus Deinococcus. The polar lipid profile contained unidentified phosphoglycolipids and unidentified glycolipids. The isolate was found to be highly resistant to gamma (D10<8 kGy) and UV (D10~800 J m-2) radiation. According to its genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain FeSDHB5-19T represents a novel species in the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcusfonticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FeSDHB5-19T (=NCAIM B.02639T=DSM 106917T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Makk
- 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Tünde Enyedi
- 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Anda
- 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,2MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Karolina út 29, H-1113, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabó
- 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Schumann
- 3DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, D38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Judit Mádl-Szőnyi
- 4Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Psétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea K Borsodi
- 1Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,2MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Karolina út 29, H-1113, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Kovács-Bodor P, Csondor K, Erőss A, Szieberth D, Freiler-Nagy Á, Horváth Á, Bihari Á, Mádl-Szőnyi J. Natural radioactivity of thermal springs and related precipitates in Gellért Hill area, Buda Thermal Karst, Hungary. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 201:32-42. [PMID: 30743170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The elevated radioactivity of the thermal waters of Buda Thermal Karst (BTK), Hungary is known and studied since the beginning of the 20th century. In the recent studies, the anomalous 222Rn/226Ra ratios have drawn the attention to the existence of local 222Rn source. Biogeochemical precipitates (i.e. biofilms) in spring caves were found to have high adsorption capacity, accumulating e.g. 226Ra. Biogeochemical precipitates are ubiquitous in the thermal springs of BTK, occurring in different amount and colours (dark grey, brown, red, white), and have different microbial communities and elemental composition. The detailed investigation of the radioactivity of spring waters highlighted the different 226Ra and 222Rn activity concentrations. The present study aimed to survey the radioactivity of the thermal springs of Gellért Hill area, together with the biogeochemical precipitates and air above the water level, and to assess the evolution of the radioactivity of known-aged precipitates, formed during in situ experiments. We found that the basic physicochemical parameters of the spring waters (field parameters, major ions) do not affect the adsorption capacity of biogeochemical precipitates. It was revealed by the conducted in situ experiments, that the flow conditions influence the evolution rate of precipitates, so their adsorption capacity. The 222Rn activity concentrations of spring waters are dependent on the area of the water surface, volume of air space above the water level, ventilation of the caves/channels and presence of calcite layer on the water surface. The latter has a blocking effect on degassing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kovács-Bodor
- József and Erzsébet Tóth Endowed Hydrogeology Chair, Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem Tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Csondor
- József and Erzsébet Tóth Endowed Hydrogeology Chair, Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Erőss
- József and Erzsébet Tóth Endowed Hydrogeology Chair, Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dénes Szieberth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Atomic Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/a, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Bihari
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem Tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Mádl-Szőnyi
- József and Erzsébet Tóth Endowed Hydrogeology Chair, Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem Tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Borsodi AK, Anda D, Makk J, Krett G, Dobosy P, Büki G, Erőss A, Mádl-Szőnyi J. Biofilm forming bacteria and archaea in thermal karst springs of Gellért Hill discharge area (Hungary). J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:928-937. [PMID: 30160784 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Buda Thermal Karst System (BTKS) is an extensive active hypogenic cave system located beneath the residential area of the Hungarian capital. At the river Danube, several thermal springs discharge forming spring caves. To reveal and compare the morphological structure and prokaryotic diversity of reddish-brown biofilms developed on the carbonate rock surfaces of the springs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular cloning were applied. Microbial networks formed by filamentous bacteria and other cells with mineral crystals embedded in extracellular polymeric substances were observed in the SEM images. Biofilms were dominated by prokaryotes belonging to phyla Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae (Bacteria) and Thaumarchaeota (Archaea) but their abundance showed differences according to the type of the host rock, geographic distance, and different water exchange. In addition, representatives of phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Caldithrix, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes Gemmatimonadetes, and several candidate divisions of Bacteria as well as Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were detected in sample-dependent higher abundance. The results indicate that thermophilic, anaerobic sulfur-, sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron(III)-reducing chemoorganotrophic as well as sulfur-, ammonia-, and nitrite-oxidizing chemolithotrophic prokaryotes can interact in the studied biofilms adapted to the unique and extreme circumstances (e.g., aphotic and nearly anoxic conditions, oligotrophy, and radionuclide accumulation) in the thermal karst springs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Borsodi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Anda
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Makk
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Krett
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Büki
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Erőss
- Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Mádl-Szőnyi
- Department of Physical and Applied Geology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Makk J, Tóth EM, Anda D, Pál S, Schumann P, Kovács AL, Mádl-Szőnyi J, Márialigeti K, Borsodi AK. Deinococcus budaensis sp. nov., a mesophilic species isolated from a biofilm sample of a hydrothermal spring cave. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:5345-5351. [PMID: 27667170 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the exposure of a biofilm sample from a hydrothermal spring cave (Gellért Hill, Budapest, Hungary) to gamma radiation, a strain designated FeSTC15-38T was isolated and studied by polyphasic taxonomic methods. The spherical-shaped cells stained Gram-negative, and were aerobic and non-motile. The pH range for growth was pH 6.0-9.0, with an optimum at pH 7.0. The temperature range for growth was 20-37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus. The highest sequence similarities appeared with Deinococcus hopiensis KR-140T (94.1 %), Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (93.3 %) and Deinococcus aerophilus 5516T-11T (92.7 %). The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.2 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3β l-Orn-Gly2-3, corroborating the assignment of the strain to the genus Deinococcus. Strain FeSTC15-38T contained MK-8 as the major menaquinone and several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids. Resistance to gamma radiation (D10) of strain FeSTC15-38T was <3.0 kGy. According to phenotypic and genotypic data, strain FeSTC15-38T represents a novel species for which the name Deinococcus budaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FeSTC15-38T (=NCAIM B.02630T=DSM 101791T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Makk
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika M Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Anda
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Pál
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Schumann
- DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Attila L Kovács
- Department of Anatomy-, Cell- and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Mádl-Szőnyi
- Department of Physical and Applied Geology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Márialigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea K Borsodi
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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