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Rana D, Jha V, Patnaik RL, Singh MK, Jha SK, Kulkarni MS. A numerical model for the prediction of radon flux from uranium mill tailings at Jaduguda, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:24951-24960. [PMID: 38460038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid process fine waste or tailings of a uranium mill is a potential source of release of radiologically significant gaseous radon (222Rn). A number of variables such as radium (226Ra) content, porosity, moisture content, and tailings density can affect the extent of emanation from the tailings. Further, if a cover material is used for remediation purposes, additional challenges due to changes in the matrix characteristics in predicting the radon flux can be anticipated. The uranium mill tailings impoundment systems at Jaduguda have been in use for the long-term storage of fine process waste (tailings). A pilot-scale remediation exercise of one of the tailings ponds has been undertaken with 30 cm soil as a cover material. For the prediction of the radon flux, a numerical model has been developed to account for the radon exhalation process at the remediated site. The model can effectively be used to accommodate both the continuous and discrete variable inputs. Depth profiling and physicochemical characterization for the remediated site have been done for the required input variables of the proposed numerical model. The predicted flux worked out is well below the reference level of 0.74 Bq m-2 s-1 IAEA (2004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Rana
- Health Physics Unit, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Jaduguda, 832102, Jharkhand, India.
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400094, Maharastra, India.
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Health Physics Unit, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Jaduguda, 832102, Jharkhand, India
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400094, Maharastra, India
| | - RLokeswara Patnaik
- Health Physics Unit, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Jaduguda, 832102, Jharkhand, India
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400094, Maharastra, India
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Health Physics Unit, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Jaduguda, 832102, Jharkhand, India
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400094, Maharastra, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Jha
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400094, Maharastra, India
| | - Mukund S Kulkarni
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, 400094, Maharastra, India
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Jethwa KR, Kim E, Berlin J, Anker CJ, Tchelebi L, Abood G, Hallemeier CL, Jabbour S, Kennedy T, Kumar R, Lee P, Sharma N, Small W, Williams V, Russo S. Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Neoadjuvant Therapy for Nonmetastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Guidelines. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:185-199. [PMID: 38131628 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
For patients with locoregionally confined pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), margin-negative surgical resection is the only known curative treatment; however, the majority of patients are not operable candidates at initial diagnosis. Among patients with resectable disease who undergo surgery alone, the 5-year survival remains poor. Adjuvant therapies, including systemic therapy or chemoradiation, are utilized as they improve locoregional control and overall survival. There has been increasing interest in the use of neoadjuvant therapy to obtain early control of occult metastatic disease, allow local tumor response to facilitate margin-negative resection, and provide a test of time and biology to assist with the selection of candidates most likely to benefit from radical surgical resection. However, limited guidance exists regarding the relative effectiveness of treatment options. In this systematic review, the American Radium Society multidisciplinary gastrointestinal expert panel convened to develop Appropriate Use Criteria evaluating the evidence regarding neoadjuvant treatment for patients with PDAC, including surgery, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy, in terms of oncologic outcomes and quality of life. The evidence was assessed using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study (PICOS) design framework and "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses" 2020 methodology. Eligible studies included phases 2 to 3 trials, meta-analyses, and retrospective analyses published between January 1, 2012 and December 30, 2022 in the Ovid Medline database. A summary of recommendations based on the available literature is outlined to guide practitioners in the management of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan R Jethwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ed Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jordan Berlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher J Anker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Leila Tchelebi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Rachit Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington DC
| | - Percy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Navesh Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, WellSpan Cancer Center, York, PA
| | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Vonetta Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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Wallner PE, Yoo DC, Calais J, Escorcia FE, Mari Aparici C, Michalski J, Morris M, Morris ZS, Pryma D, Rabatic BM, Sharma N, Vapiwala N, Ghesani MV, Subramaniam RM, Small W, Schechter NR. ACR-ACNM-ARS-ASTRO-SNMMI Practice Parameter for the Performance of Therapy With Radiopharmaceuticals. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:169-176. [PMID: 38131352 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the American College of Nuclear Medicine, the American Radium Society, the American Society for Radiation Oncology, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. The document is intended to serve as a resource for appropriately trained and licensed physicians who perform therapeutic procedures with unsealed sources, referred to in the document using the more inclusive terminology of radiopharmaceuticals, for which a written directive is required for authorized users under NRC 10 CFR 35.300. METHODS This practice parameter was developed according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website ( https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards ) by the Committee on Practice Parameters-Radiation Oncology of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology in collaboration with the American Radium Society. RESULTS This practice parameter addresses the overall role of the applicable physician-authorized user, Qualified Medical Physicist, and other specialized personnel involved in the delivery of radiopharmaceutical therapy. Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals include those administered as elemental radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) or the radioactive element incorporated into a targeting molecule (ligand) by one or more chemical bonds. This document provides guidance regarding general principles of radionuclide therapies and indications of various alpha, beta, gamma, and mixed emission agents with references to several recent practice parameters on new and commonly performed radiopharmaceutical therapies. CONCLUSION This document addresses clinical circumstances, elements of available agents, and the qualifications and responsibilities of various members of the radiation care team, specifications of consultation and other clinical documentation, post-therapy follow-up, radiation safety precautions, elements of quality control and improvement programs, infection control, and patient education to ensure optimal patient care and safety when utilizing radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don C Yoo
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jeremie Calais
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Jeff Michalski
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Zachary S Morris
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Daniel Pryma
- Department of Radiology, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Maguire Center, Maywood, IL
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Parthipan M, Feng G, Breunis H, Timilshina N, Emmenegger U, Hansen A, Tomlinson G, Matthew A, Clarke H, Santa Mina D, Soto-Perez-de-Celis E, Puts M, Alibhai SMH. Understanding the incidence, duration, and severity of symptoms through daily symptom monitoring among frail and non-frail older patients receiving metastatic prostate cancer treatments. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101720. [PMID: 38350343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2024.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) experience high symptom burden associated with treatment. Frailty may exacerbate treatment toxicity. The aim of this study was to explore short-term treatment toxicity in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Older adults with metastatic prostate cancer starting chemotherapy, androgen-receptor-axis targeted therapies, or radium-223 participated in a prospective, multicentre, observational study. Participants self-reported symptoms daily using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System for one treatment cycle via internet or telephone. The most common moderate-to-severe symptoms (score≥4), their duration, and the proportion of participants who experienced improvements in symptom severity (score<4) after reporting moderate-to-severe symptoms at baseline were determined using descriptive statistics. Once-weekly symptom questionnaires were administered and analyzed using linear mixed effect models. Symptom incidence, duration, and frailty associations were assessed using t-tests and chi-square tests. RESULTS Ninety participants completed the study (mean age=77 years [standard deviation=6.1], 42% frail [Vulnerable Elders Survey≥3]). The most common moderate-to-severe symptoms across cohorts were fatigue (46.8%), insomnia (42.9%), poor wellbeing (41.2%), pain (37.5%), and decreased appetite (37.1%). Poor wellbeing had a higher incidence in frail participants (62.5% in frail vs. 31.4% in non-frail, p=0.039). Symptom duration varied across cohorts and between frail and non-frail participants. Among participants who reported moderate-to-severe symptoms at baseline, no more than 15% improved in any symptom. There were statistically significant improvements in weekly symptoms for fatigue, decreased appetite, and insomnia in the chemotherapy cohort only. DISCUSSION Limitations include a short follow-up duration, lack of a control group, and few radium-223 participants. Regular symptom monitoring can help clinicians understand temporal patterns and durations of symptoms and inform supportive care approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Feng
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Urban Emmenegger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - George Tomlinson
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Matthew
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hance Clarke
- Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- ELLICSR: Health, Wellness and Cancer Survivorship Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis
- Department of Geriatrics, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martine Puts
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Saylor PJ, Kozin SV, Matsui A, Goldberg SI, Aoki S, Shigeta K, Mamessier E, Smith MR, Michaelson MD, Lee RJ, Duda DG. The radiopharmaceutical radium-223 has immunomodulatory effects in patients and facilitates anti-programmed death receptor-1 therapy in murine models of bone metastatic prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2024; 192:110091. [PMID: 38224917 PMCID: PMC10905770 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Radium-223 (Ra223) improves survival in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC), but its impact on systemic immunity is unclear, and biomarkers of response are lacking. We examined markers of immunomodulatory activity during standard clinical Ra223 and studied the impact of Ra223 on response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in preclinical models. MATERIALS & METHODS We conducted a single-arm biomarker study of Ra223 in 22 bone mPC patients. We measured circulating immune cell subsets and a panel of cytokines before and during Ra223 therapy and correlated them with overall survival (OS). Using two murine mPC models-orthotopic PtenSmad4-null and TRAMP-C1 grafts in syngeneic immunocompetent mice-we tested the efficacy of combining Ra223 with ICI. RESULTS Above-median level of IL-6 at baseline was associated with a median OS of 358 versus 947 days for below levels; p = 0.044, from the log-rank test. Baseline PlGF and PSA inversely correlated with OS (p = 0.018 and p = 0.037, respectively, from the Cox model). Ra223 treatment was associated with a mild decrease in some peripheral immune cell populations and a shift in the proportion of MDSCs from granulocytic to myeloid. In mice, Ra223 increased the proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ helper T cells without leading to CD8+ T cell exhaustion in the mPC lesions. In one of the models, combining Ra223 and anti-PD-1 antibody significantly prolonged survival, which correlated with increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue. CONCLUSION The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the angiogenic biomarker PlGF at baseline were promising outcome biomarkers after standard Ra223 treatment. In mouse models, Ra223 increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration and proliferation and could improve OS when combined with anti-PD-1 ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Saylor
- MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sergey V Kozin
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aya Matsui
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saveli I Goldberg
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuichi Aoki
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Shigeta
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Smith
- MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Dror Michaelson
- MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard J Lee
- MGH Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan G Duda
- Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mortazavi SMJ, Rafiepour P, Mortazavi SAR, Razavi Toosi SMT, Shomal PR, Sihver L. Radium deposition in human brain tissue: A Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo toolkit study. Z Med Phys 2024; 34:166-174. [PMID: 38420703 PMCID: PMC10919964 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
NASA has encouraged studies on 226Ra deposition in the human brain to investigate the effects of exposure to alpha particles with high linear energy transfer, which could mimic some of the exposure astronauts face during space travel. However, this approach was criticized, noting that radium is a bone-seeker and accumulates in the skull, which means that the radiation dose from alpha particles emitted by 226Ra would be heavily concentrated in areas close to cranial bones rather than uniformly distributed throughout the brain. In the high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran, extremely high levels of 226Ra in soil contribute to a large proportion of the inhabitants' radiation exposure. A prospective study on Ramsar residents with a calcium-rich diet was conducted to improve the dose uniformity due to 226Ra throughout the cerebral and cerebellar parenchyma. The study found that exposure of the human brain to alpha particles did not significantly affect working memory but was significantly associated with increased reaction times. This finding is crucial because astronauts on deep space missions may face similar cognitive impairments due to exposure to high charge and energy particles. The current study was aimed to evaluate the validity of the terrestrial model using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit to simulate the interactions of alpha particles and representative cosmic ray particles, acknowledging that these radiation types are only a subset of the complete space radiation environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Payman Rafiepour
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- MVLS College, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow Scotland, UK
| | - S M T Razavi Toosi
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Parya Roshan Shomal
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Lembit Sihver
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Prague, Czechia; Technische Universität Wien, Atominstitut, Vienna, Austria.
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Saylor PJ, Otani K, Balza R, Ukleja J, Pleskow H, Fisher R, Kusaka E, Otani YS, Badusi PO, Smith MR, Meneely E, Olivier K, Lowe AC, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Yeap BY, Lee RJ, Miyamoto DT. Circulating and Imaging Biomarkers of Radium-223 Response in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300230. [PMID: 38354328 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radium-223 improves overall survival (OS) and reduces skeletal events in patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but relevant biomarkers are lacking. We evaluated automated bone scan index (aBSI) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) analyses as potential biomarkers of prognosis and activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with bone metastatic CRPC were enrolled on a prospective single-arm study of standard radium-223. 99mTc-MDP bone scan images at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months were quantitated using aBSI. CTCs at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months were enumerated and assessed for RNA expression of prostate cancer-specific genes using microfluidic enrichment followed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The median OS was 21.3 months in 22 patients. Lower baseline aBSI and minimal change in aBSI (<+0.7) from baseline to 2 months were each associated with better OS (P = .00341 and P = .0139, respectively). The higher baseline CTC count of ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL was associated with worse OS (median, 10.1 v 32.9 months; P = .00568). CTCs declined at 2 months in four of 15 patients with detectable baseline CTCs. Among individual genes in CTCs, baseline expression of the splice variant AR-V7 was significantly associated with worse OS (hazard ratio, 5.20 [95% CI, 1.657 to 16.31]; P = .00195). Baseline detectable AR-V7, higher aBSI, and CTC count ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL continued to have a significant independent negative impact on OS after controlling for prostate-specific antigen or alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSION Quantitative bone scan assessment with aBSI and CTC analyses are prognostic markers in patients treated with radium-223. AR-V7 expression in CTCs is a particularly promising prognostic biomarker and warrants validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Saylor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keisuke Otani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rene Balza
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacob Ukleja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Haley Pleskow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erika Kusaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yukako S Otani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Matthew R Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erika Meneely
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kara Olivier
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alarice C Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard J Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Sathekge MM, Lawal IO, Bal C, Bruchertseifer F, Ballal S, Cardaci G, Davis C, Eiber M, Hekimsoy T, Knoesen O, Kratochwil C, Lenzo NP, Mahapane J, Maserumule LC, Mdlophane AH, Mokoala KMG, Ndlovu H, Pant V, Rathke H, Reed J, Sen IB, Singh A, Sood A, Tauber R, Thakral P, Yadav MP, Morgenstern A. Actinium-225-PSMA radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (WARMTH Act): a multicentre, retrospective study. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:175-183. [PMID: 38218192 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinium-225 (225Ac) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) is a novel therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We aimed to report the safety and antitumour activity of 225Ac-PSMA RLT of mCRPC in a large cohort of patients treated at multiple centres across the world. METHODS This retrospective study included patients treated at seven centres in Australia, India, Germany, and South Africa. We pooled data of consecutive patients of any age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status with histopathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate who were treated with one or more cycles of 8 MBq 225Ac-PSMA RLT administered intravenously for mCRPC. Previous lines of mCRPC treatment included taxane-based chemotherapy, androgen-receptor-axis inhibitors, lutetium-177 (177Lu) PSMA RLT, and radium-223 dichloride. The primary outcomes were overall survival and progression-free survival. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2016, and May 31, 2023, 488 men with mCRPC received 1174 cycles of 225Ac-PSMA RLT (median two cycles, IQR 2-4). The mean age of the patients was 68·1 years (SD 8·8), and the median baseline prostate-specific antigen was 169·5 ng/mL (IQR 34·6-519·8). Previous lines of treatment were docetaxel in 324 (66%) patients, cabazitaxel in 103 (21%) patients, abiraterone in 191 (39%) patients, enzalutamide in 188 (39%) patients, 177Lu-PSMA RLT in 154 (32%) patients, and radium-223 dichloride in 18 (4%) patients. The median follow-up duration was 9·0 months (IQR 5·0-17·5). The median overall survival was 15·5 months (95% CI 13·4-18·3) and median progression-free survival was 7·9 months (6·8-8·9). In 347 (71%) of 488 patients, information regarding treatment-induced xerostomia was available, and 236 (68%) of the 347 patients reported xerostomia after the first cycle of 225Ac-PSMA RLT. All patients who received more than seven cycles of 225Ac-PSMA RLT reported xerostomia. Grade 3 or higher anaemia occurred in 64 (13%) of 488 patients, leukopenia in 19 (4%), thrombocytopenia in 32 (7%), and renal toxicity in 22 (5%). No serious adverse events or treatment-related deaths were recorded. INTERPRETATION 225Ac-PSMA RLT shows a substantial antitumour effect in mCRPC and represents a viable therapy option in patients treated with previous lines of approved agents. Xerostomia is a common side-effect. Severe bone marrow and renal toxicity are less common adverse events. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Ismaheel O Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sajana Ballal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Cindy Davis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mathias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich and Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Türkay Hekimsoy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich and Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Otto Knoesen
- Nuclear Technology Products (NTP), Division of the South African Nuclear Energy Cooperation (NECSA), Pelindaba, South Africa
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Johncy Mahapane
- Department of Radiography, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Letjie C Maserumule
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amanda H Mdlophane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kgomotso M G Mokoala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Honest Ndlovu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vineet Pant
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hendrik Rathke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janet Reed
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ishita B Sen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Ashwani Sood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Robert Tauber
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Parul Thakral
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Madhav Prasad Yadav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Donners R, Tunariu N, Tovey H, Hall E, Chua S, Cook G, Du Y, Blackledge MD, Parker CC, Koh DM. The value of baseline 18F-sodium fluoride and 18F-choline PET activity for identifying responders to radium-223 treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1146-1154. [PMID: 37615760 PMCID: PMC10853307 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether baseline 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) and 18F-choline PET activity is associated with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) global and individual bone metastases' DWI MR imaging response to radium-223 treatment. METHODS Thirty-six bone-only mCRPC patients were prospectively recruited from three centers. Whole-body (WB)-MRI with DWI and 18F-NaF and 18F-choline PET/CT were performed at therapy baseline and 8-week intervals. In each patient, bone disease median global (g)ADC change between baseline and follow-up was calculated. Additionally, up to five bone target lesions per patient were delineated and individual median ADC change recorded. An ADC increase > 30% defined response per-patient and per-lesion. For the same targets, baseline 18F-NaF and 18F-choline PET SUVmax were recorded. Mean SUVmax across patient targets was correlated with gADC change and lesion SUVmax with per-lesion ADC change. RESULTS A total of 133 lesions in 36 patients (14 responders) were analyzed. 18F-NaF PET per-patient mean SUVmax was significantly higher in responders (median = 56.0 versus 38.7 in non-responders; p = 0.008), with positive correlation between SUVmax and gADC increase (rho = 0.42; p = 0.015). A 48.7 SUVmax threshold identified responders with 77% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Baseline 18F-NaF PET per-lesion SUVmax was higher in responding metastases (median = 51.6 versus 31.8 in non-responding metastases; p = 0.001), with positive correlation between baseline lesion SUVmax and ADC increase (rho = 0.39; p < 0.001). A 36.8 SUVmax threshold yielded 72% sensitivity and 63% specificity. No significant association was found between baseline 18F-choline PET SUVmax and ADC response on a per-patient (p = 0.164) or per-lesion basis (p = 0.921). CONCLUSION 18F-NaF PET baseline SUVmax of target mCRPC bone disease showed significant association with response to radium-223 defined by ADC change. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT 18F-sodium fluoride PET/CT baseline maximum SUV of castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases could be used as a predictive biomarker for response to radium-223 therapy. KEY POINTS • 18F-sodium fluoride PET baseline SUVmax of castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases showed significant association with response to radium-223. • Baseline 18F-sodium fluoride PET can improve patient selection for radium-223 therapy. • Change in whole-body DWI parameters can be used for response correlation with baseline 18F-sodium fluoride PET SUVmax in castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Donners
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nina Tunariu
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Holly Tovey
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Emma Hall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sue Chua
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Gary Cook
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London, UK
| | - Yong Du
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | | | - Christopher C Parker
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Dow-Mu Koh
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
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10
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Novick K, Chadha M, Daroui P, Freedman G, Gao W, Hunt K, Park C, Rewari A, Suh W, Walker E, Wong J, Harris EE. American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: Executive Summary of Clinical Topics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:458-465. [PMID: 37478956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct an appropriate use criteria expert panel update on clinical topics relevant to current clinical practice regarding postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS An analysis of the medical literature from peer-reviewed journals was conducted from May 4, 2010 to May 4, 2022 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines to search the PubMed database to retrieve a comprehensive set of relevant articles. A well-established methodology (modified Delphi) was used by the expert panel to rate the appropriate use of procedures. RESULTS Evidence for key questions in PMRT regarding benefit in special populations and technical considerations for delivery was examined and described. Risk factors for local-regional recurrence in patients with intermediate-risk disease that indicate benefit of PMRT include molecular subtype, age, clinical stage, and pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Use of hypofractionated radiation in PMRT has been examined in several recent randomized trials and is under investigation for patients with breast reconstruction. The use of bolus varies significantly by practice region and has limited evidence for routine use. Adverse effects occurred with both PMRT preimplant and postimplant exchange in 2-staged breast reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with even limited nodal involvement will likely benefit from PMRT with significant reduction in local-regional recurrence and potential survival. Patients with initial clinical stage III disease and/or any residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be strongly considered for PMRT. Growing evidence supports the use of hypofractionated radiation for PMRT with equivalent efficacy and decreased acute side effects, but additional evidence is needed for special populations. There is limited evidence to support routine use of bolus in all patients. Timing of PMRT regarding completion of 2-staged breast reconstruction requires a discussion of increased risks with radiation postimplant exchange compared with increased risk of failure of reconstruction or surgical complications with radiation preimplant exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Novick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Manjeet Chadha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Parima Daroui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gary Freedman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy Gao
- Tacoma Valley Radiation Oncology Centers, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Kelly Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Catherine Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Amar Rewari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland
| | - Warren Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ridely Tree Cancer Center, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Eleanor Walker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Julia Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eleanor E Harris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Easton, Pennsylvania
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Yarmoshenko IV, Malinovsky GP, Zhukovsky MV, Izgagin VS, Onishchenko AD, Vasilyev AV. Relationship between Ra-226 activity concentration in building materials and indoor radon concentration: An example of Russian high-rise residential buildings. J Environ Radioact 2024; 272:107345. [PMID: 38011765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide trend toward the construction of high-rise buildings with high energy efficiency highlights the role of building materials as a source of indoor radon in the modern urban environment. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between the Ra-226 activity concentration in building materials and indoor radon concentration using the example of multi-story buildings in Ekaterinburg. Measurements of the activity concentration of natural radionuclides in building materials were carried out using a new non-destructive method. A radon survey conducted early provided the data on indoor radon concentrations in the same apartments. The obtained Ra-226 activity concentrations in building materials in high-rise buildings were found to be relatively low, ranging from 9.1 to 51 Bq/kg. The typical radon entry rate by diffusion from building materials for modern Russian multi-story buildings can be accepted as equal to 0.5 Bq/(m3∙h) per 1 Bq/kg of Ra-226 activity concentration. Ra-226 in building materials has been shown to be a primary source of indoor radon in modern high-rise buildings, where this factor can cause indoor radon concentrations above the reference level of 100 Bq/m3 at low air exchange rates. The activity concentration of Ra-226 in building materials should be considered a separate parameter for regulation within the national radiation protection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Yarmoshenko
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - G P Malinovsky
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - M V Zhukovsky
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V S Izgagin
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A D Onishchenko
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A V Vasilyev
- Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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12
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Buzynnyi M, Mykhailova L. Long term studying of uranium and radium-226 activity in drinking water in some regions of Ukraine and assessment of corresponding hypotetical irradiation doses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2530. [PMID: 38291175 PMCID: PMC10828465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The article summarizes the activity concentrations data of 226Ra and the sum of uranium isotopes (∑U) in samples of drinking underground water for different regions of Ukraine studied during 1998-2023 in the radiation monitoring laboratory of the State Institution "O.M. Marzieiev Institute of Public Health National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Arithmetic mean and standard deviations, minimum and maximum values for 226Ra and ∑U activity concentrations are presented for the entire 1240 sample set and for each region separately. Collected data show that the established state permissible level for drinking water of 1.0 Bq/l is exceeded for 226Ra in 1.1% of the studied samples, and for ∑U-in 3.9% correspondingly. The detected high levels of 226Ra and ∑U activity concentrations correspond to certain regions belonging to the Ukrainian crystalline shield territory. A comparison of the current data with the data of previous studies held during of 1989-1991 indicates a significant difference: for the previous studies the average and standard deviations are much higher. We attribute this to the fact that the centralized sampling of previous studies was random, and it was related exclusively to communal water supply systems. At the same time, the current sample set covers a much larger number of regions, different water consumers; the data set includes the results of repeated studies for a large number of sources, in particular, sources with purified water. Hypothetical exposure doses caused by consumption of 226Ra and ∑U in water for the current sample set were estimated for different age groups for each sample studied, as is, without taking into account the pattern of water consumption. The corresponding dose exceeds the WHO recommended value of 0.1 mSv per year for children under the age of one year for 220 cases (17.7%). This dose limit excess for other age groups corresponds-for children: aged 12-17 years-13.1%, aged 1-2 years-7.4%, 7-12 years old-5.6%, 2-7 years old-3.9% and for adults-4.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Buzynnyi
- State Institution O.M. Marzieiev Institute of Public Health of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 50, Hetman Pavlo Polubotko Str. (Popudrenko), Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Liubov Mykhailova
- State Institution O.M. Marzieiev Institute of Public Health of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 50, Hetman Pavlo Polubotko Str. (Popudrenko), Kyiv, Ukraine
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13
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Milder CM, Howard SC, Ellis ED, Golden AP, Cohen SS, Mumma MT, Leggett RW, French B, Zablotska LB, Boice JD. Third mortality follow-up of the Mallinckrodt uranium processing workers, 1942-2019. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:161-175. [PMID: 37819879 PMCID: PMC10843089 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2267640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was a uranium processing facility during the Manhattan Project from 1942 to 1966. Thousands of workers were exposed to low-dose-rates of ionizing radiation from external and internal sources. This third follow-up of 2514 White male employees updates cancer and noncancer mortality potentially associated with radiation and silica dust. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individual, annualized organ doses were estimated from film badge records (n monitored = 2514), occupational chest x-rays (n = 2514), uranium urinalysis (n = 1868), radium intake through radon breath measurements (n = 487), and radon ambient measurements (n = 1356). Silica dust exposure from pitchblende processing was estimated (n = 1317). Vital status and cause of death determination through 2019 relied upon the National Death Index and Social Security Administration Epidemiological Vital Status Service. The analysis included standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), Cox proportional hazards, and Poisson regression models. RESULTS Vital status was confirmed for 99.4% of workers (84.0% deceased). For a dose weighting factor of 1 for intakes of uranium, radium, and radon decay products, the mean and median lung doses were 65.6 and 29.9 mGy, respectively. SMRs indicated a difference in health outcomes between salaried and hourly workers, and more brain cancer deaths than expected [SMR: 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 2.70]. No association was seen between radiation and lung cancer [hazard ratio (HR) at 100 mGy: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.78, 1.11]. The relationship between radiation and kidney cancer observed in the previous follow-up was maintained (HR at 100 mGy: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.12, 3.79). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) also increased significantly with heart dose (HR at 100 mGy: 1.11; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.21). Exposures to dust ≥23.6 mg/m3-year were associated with nonmalignant kidney disease (NMKD) (HR: 3.02; 95%CI: 1.12, 8.16) and kidney cancer combined with NMKD (HR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.04, 5.81), though without evidence of a dose-response per 100 mg/m3-year. CONCLUSIONS This third follow-up of Mallinckrodt uranium processors reinforced the results of the previous studies. There was an excess of brain cancers compared with the US population, although no radiation dose-response was detected. The association between radiation and kidney cancer remained, though potentially due to few cases at higher doses. The association between levels of silica dust ≥23.6 mg/m3-year and NMKD also remained. No association was observed between radiation and lung cancer. A positive dose-response was observed between radiation and CVD; however, this association may be confounded by smoking, which was unmeasured. Future work will pool these data with other uranium processing worker cohorts within the Million Person Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cato M. Milder
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
| | | | | | | | - Sarah S. Cohen
- EpidStrategies, a Division of ToxStrategies, Inc., Katy, TX
| | | | | | - Benjamin French
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John D. Boice
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ghajarbeygi P, Ranaei V, Pilevar Z, Nematollahi A, Ghanbari S, Rahimi H, Shirdast H, Fakhri Y, Mahmudiono T, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of radioisotopes (Potassium-40, Polonium-210, Radium-226, and Thorium-230) in fillet tissue carp fishes: A systematic review and probabilistic exposure assessment. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:273-294. [PMID: 36587371 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2147905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contamination of seafood has become a global health concern. Carp fish is one of the most widely consumed globally, and several studies have been conducted on the contamination of carp fish with radioisotopes. In the current study, a meta-analysis and probabilistic exposure assessment regarding the Potassium-40 (40K), Polonium-210 (210Po), Radium-226 (226Ra), and Thorium-230 (230Th) in the fillet tissue of carp fish were performed. In this regard, Scopus and PubMed were screened to retrieve the associated citations with on the concentration of radioisotopes in the fillet tissue of carp fish until October 2021. The rank order of radioisotopes in fillet tissue carp fish was 40K (103.49 Bq kg-1) > 210Po (9.39 Bq kg-1) > 226Ra (0.62 Bq kg-1) > 230Th (0.39 Bq kg-1). The highest effective dose due to 210Po ingestion was observed in Spain (male; 4.44E-05 Sv y-1, female; 2.67E-06 Sv y-1); 40K (female, 5.07E-07 Sv y-1); 226Ra (male, 9.93E-09 Sv y-1). The mean of effective dose (ED) in the male and females in India due to ingestion of 230Th as result of carp fish consumption was (1.70E-06 Sv y-1) and (7.01E-08 Sv y-1), respectively. The probabilistic exposure assessment by the Monte Carlo simulation method revealed that consumers of fillet tissue carp fish content of radioisotopes are at a safe range (0.001 Sv y-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Ghajarbeygi
- Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Vahid Ranaei
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amene Nematollahi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sahebeh Ghanbari
- Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hajar Rahimi
- Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hoda Shirdast
- Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
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15
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Shesha S, Rangegowda RD, Erathimmaiah S, Dongre S, Jadiyappa SJ. Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and potential radiological risks of commonly used building materials in Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2531-2536. [PMID: 38126850 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to evaluate the natural radioactivity and potential radiological risks of frequently used building materials in Uttara Kannada district. Using an High purity Germanium Detector (HPGe) detector-based gamma-ray spectrometer, the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was determined. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the construction materials vary from 13.78 ± 0.90 to 151.9 ± 1.85, 14.21 ± 0.80 to 207.72 ± 2.9 and 55.26 ± 1.20 to 1298.24 ± 25 Bq kg-1 with an average value of 40.57 ± 1.37,60.13 ± 1.70 and 425.38 ± 4.75 Bq kg-1 having a geometric mean of 33.07, 46.49 and 290.20 Bq kg-1, respectively. The mean annual effective dose equivalent was found to be 0.68 mSv y-1 and is less than the International Commission on Radiological Protection proposed acceptable limit of 1 mSv y-1. The estimated radiological hazard parameters show that these building materials are safe to use in the construction of homes and do not offer a substantial source of radiation hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Shesha
- Department of Physics, M.P.E Society's S.D.M Degree College, Honavar, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka 581334, India
| | | | - Srinivasa Erathimmaiah
- Department of Physics, PES University, Hosur Road, Electronic city, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Sandeep Dongre
- Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577451, India
| | - Sannappa J Jadiyappa
- Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577451, India
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16
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Nagathil N, Vadakkemattathil V, Kundu Parambil S, Vamanan P. Spatial analysis of radionuclide concentration in the high background radiation regions of Kerala, India. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2554-2558. [PMID: 38126854 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Every creature on earth undergoes continuous exposure to natural background radiation. Hence, it is crucial to monitor systematically, the degree of radioactivity in the ecosystem and possible radiological health hazards. The present study attempt to investigate the dynamics of prominent radionuclides and various radiological parameters associated with terrestrial gamma radiations along the littoral regions of the Kollam district, a well-reported high background radiation area in India. The gamma radiation exposure rate along the coastal belt of Kollam was measured using a portable Micro-R-survey meter and associated radiological parameters have been calculated and compared with the global average values. The result indicates that the radiological parameters cross the safe limits recommended by the UNSCEAR 2000. A high value is found in the shoreline of Chavara, with a maximum absorbed dose rate of 11 945.1nGyh-1. The monazite-enriched black sand widely distributed all along the coast, which contains natural radioisotopes such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, has greatly contributed to the increase in radiation levels in the regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Nagathil
- Department of Studies and Research in Physics, Payyanur College, Edat, Kannur 670327, Kerala, India
| | | | - Shimod Kundu Parambil
- Department of Geography, Government College Tholanur, Palakkad 678722, Kerala, India
| | - Prakash Vamanan
- Department of Studies and Research in Physics, Payyanur College, Edat, Kannur 670327, Kerala, India
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17
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Bawalia NK, Meena D, Gupta SK, Meena P, Degra S, Yadav V, Meena R, Malviya R. Estimation of natural radioactivity in the soil samples around the uranium site, royal village, Khandela, Sikar district, Rajasthan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2412-2418. [PMID: 38126846 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The measurements of activity concentration of radium ( 226Ra ), thorium ( 232Th) and potassium ( 40K ) natural radionuclides using high purity germanium ( HPGe ) detector to assess harmful effects on people residing around Royal Uranium Site, Sikar, Rajasthan, India. The activity concentrations range from 29.03 ± 3.72 to 69.95 ± 4.07 Bq/kg for 226Ra with a mean value of 47.01 Bq/kg, 57.99 ± 6.13 to 113.94 ± 6.54 Bq/kg with a mean value of 86.56 Bq/kg for 232Th,678.19 ± 76.36 to 1426.55 ± 81.32 Bq/kg for 40K with a mean value of 1195 Bq/kg. Average Radium Equivalent Activity was measured 261.59 ± 35.48 Bq/kg. The total outdoor absorbed gamma dose rate ranged from 78.42 to 157.91 nGy/h with a mean value of 122.12 nGy/h.The average annual effective dose equivalent outdoors and indoors was found 0.75 mSv.Mean external (Hex) and internal (Hin) hazard indices are measured 0.70 and 0.82, respectively, for the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin K Bawalia
- Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Dalpat Meena
- Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Pushpa Meena
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Surendra Degra
- Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Vijaypal Yadav
- Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Ramkumar Meena
- Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Raveena Malviya
- Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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18
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Ohba H, Nakada Y, Numasaki H, Umehara K, Ota J, Okuda Y, Teshima T, Ogawa K, Nakamura K, Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology Database Committee. A JROD survey: nationwide overview of radiotherapy data from 2015 to 2021. J Radiat Res 2023; 64:904-910. [PMID: 37738418 PMCID: PMC10665294 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this survey was to examine the status of radiotherapy in Japan based on the cases registered in the Japanese Radiation Oncology Database (JROD), from 2015 to 2021, and to provide basic data to help improve the usefulness of the JROD in the future. The study population consisted of patients who underwent radiotherapy between 2014 and 2020 and did not opt out of the study. The survey item data analyzed in this study were entered into the database at each radiotherapy institution by referring to medical records from the preceding year. Our results show that the number of registered radiotherapy institutions and cases increased by ~50% in 2019 compared to those in 2015 (to 113 institutions and 60 575 cases, respectively). Among the survey item categories, the registration rate was lowest for prognostic information (13.9% on average over the 7-year period). In terms of the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology disease site, the breast; lung, trachea and mediastinum and urogenital sites accounted for >50% of the total cases. The average survival and mortality rates over the 7-year study period were 67.4 and 17.4%, respectively. The X-ray radiotherapy completion rate exceeded 90% for all years and across all disease categories. 192Ir-based brachytherapy and 223Ra-based radionuclide therapy accounted for an average of 61.9 and 44.6%, respectively, of all corresponding cases over the 7-year period. In conclusion, this survey enables us to infer the actual status of radiotherapy in Japan based on the analysis of relevant nationwide data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisateru Ohba
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakada
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hodaka Numasaki
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Umehara
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junko Ota
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okuda
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Teruki Teshima
- Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Siraz MMM, A. M. J, Alam MS, Rashid MB, Hossain Z, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA, Yeasmin S. Measurement of radioactivity in soils of Karamjal and Harbaria mangrove forest of Sundarbans for establishment of radiological database. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289113. [PMID: 37856554 PMCID: PMC10586596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first in-depth study of soil radioactivity in the mangrove forest of Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans. It used HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the amount of natural radioactivity in soil samples from Karamjal and Harbaria sites of the world's largest mangrove forest. The activity concentrations of most of the 226Ra (14±2 Bqkg-1 to 35±4 Bqkg-1) and 232Th (30±5 Bqkg-1 to 50±9 Bqkg-1) lie within the world average values, but the 40K concentration (370± 44 Bqkg-1 to 660±72 Bqkg-1) was found to have exceeded the world average value. The evaluation of radiological hazard parameters revealed that the outdoor absorbed dose rate (maximum 73.25 nGyh-1) and outdoor annual effective dose (maximum 0.09 mSvy-1) for most samples exceeded the corresponding world average values. The elevated concentration of 40K is mainly due to the salinity intrusion, usage of fertilizers and agricultural runoff, and migration of waste effluents along the riverbanks. Being the pioneering comprehensive research on the Bangladesh side of the Sundarbans, this study forms a baseline radioactivity for the Sundarbans before the commissioning of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jubair A. M.
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. S. Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Z. Hossain
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D. A. Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - S. Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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20
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Hallemeier CL, Sharma N, Anker C, Selfridge JE, Lee P, Jabbour S, Williams V, Liu D, Kennedy T, Jethwa KR, Kim E, Kumar R, Small W, Tchelebi L, Russo S. American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for the use of liver-directed therapies for nonsurgical management of liver metastases: Systematic review and guidelines. Cancer 2023; 129:3193-3212. [PMID: 37409678 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a common site of cancer metastases. Systemic therapy is widely accepted as the standard treatment for liver metastases (LM), although select patients with liver oligometastases may be candidates for potentially curative liver resection. Recent data support the role of nonsurgical local therapies such as ablation, external beam radiotherapy, embolization, and hepatic artery infusion therapy for management of LM. Additionally, for patients with advanced, symptomatic LM, local therapies may provide palliative benefit. The American Radium Society gastrointestinal expert panel, including members representing radiation oncology, interventional radiology, surgical oncology, and medical oncology, performed a systemic review and developed Appropriate Use Criteria for the use of nonsurgical local therapies for LM. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology was used. These studies were used to inform the expert panel, which then rated the appropriateness of various treatments in seven representative clinical scenarios through a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi). A summary of recommendations is outlined to guide practitioners on the use of nonsurgical local therapies for patients with LM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navesh Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, WellSpan Cancer Center, York, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Anker
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - J Eva Selfridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Percy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Salma Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vonetta Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Birth Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Krishan R Jethwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ed Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachit Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Leila Tchelebi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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21
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Kolovi S, Fois GR, Lanouar S, Chardon P, Miallier D, Baker LA, Bailly C, Beauger A, Biron DG, David K, Montavon G, Pilleyre T, Schoefs B, Breton V, Maigne L. Assessing radiation dosimetry for microorganisms in naturally radioactive mineral springs using GATE and Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292608. [PMID: 37824461 PMCID: PMC10569590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineral springs in Massif Central, France can be characterized by higher levels of natural radioactivity in comparison to the background. The biota in these waters is constantly under radiation exposure mainly from the α-emitters of the natural decay chains, with 226Ra in sediments ranging from 21 Bq/g to 43 Bq/g and 222Rn activity concentrations in water up to 4600 Bq/L. This study couples for the first time micro- and nanodosimetric approaches to radioecology by combining GATE and Geant4-DNA to assess the dose rates and DNA damages to microorganisms living in these naturally radioactive ecosystems. It focuses on unicellular eukaryotic microalgae (diatoms) which display an exceptional abundance of teratological forms in the most radioactive mineral springs in Auvergne. Using spherical geometries for the microorganisms and based on γ-spectrometric analyses, we evaluate the impact of the external exposure to 1000 Bq/L 222Rn dissolved in the water and 30 Bq/g 226Ra in the sediments. Our results show that the external dose rates for diatoms are significant (9.7 μGy/h) and comparable to the threshold (10 μGy/h) for the protection of the ecosystems suggested by the literature. In a first attempt of simulating the radiation induced DNA damage on this species, the rate of DNA Double Strand Breaks per day is estimated to 1.11E-04. Our study confirms the significant mutational pressure from natural radioactivity to which microbial biodiversity has been exposed since Earth origin in hydrothermal springs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kolovi
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Giovanna-Rosa Fois
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Sarra Lanouar
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Patrick Chardon
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Miallier
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lory-Anne Baker
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement (LMGE) - UMR6023, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB) - UMR6042, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Bailly
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées (SUBATECH) - UMR6457, CNRS/IN2P3/IMT Atlantique/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aude Beauger
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement (LMGE) - UMR6023, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - David G. Biron
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement (LMGE) - UMR6023, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Karine David
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées (SUBATECH) - UMR6457, CNRS/IN2P3/IMT Atlantique/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Montavon
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées (SUBATECH) - UMR6457, CNRS/IN2P3/IMT Atlantique/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Pilleyre
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé Environnement, IUML FR3473, CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Vincent Breton
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydia Maigne
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) - UMR6533, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères”, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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22
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Farnan J, Vanden Heuvel JP, Dorman FL, Warner NR, Burgos WD. Toxicity and chemical composition of commercial road palliatives versus oil and gas produced waters. Environ Pollut 2023; 334:122184. [PMID: 37453689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Across the United States, road palliatives are applied to roads for maintenance operations that improve road safety. In the winter, solid rock salts and brine solutions are used to reduce the accumulation of snow and ice, while in the summer, dust suppressants are used to minimize fugitive dust emissions. Many of these products are chloride-based salts that have been linked to freshwater salinization, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and damage to infrastructure. To minimize these impacts, organic products have been gaining attention, though their widespread adoption has been limited due to their higher cost. In some states, using produced water from conventionally drilled oil and gas wells (OGPWs) on roads is permitted as a cost-effective alternative to commercial products, despite its typically elevated concentrations of heavy metals, radioactivity, and organic micropollutants. In this study, 17 road palliatives used for winter and summer road maintenance were collected and their chemical composition and potential human toxicity were characterized. Results from this study demonstrated that liquid brine solutions had elevated levels of trace metals (Zn, Cu, Sr, Li) that could pose risks to human and environmental health. The radium activity of liquid calcium chloride products was comparable to the activity of OGPWs and could be a significant source of radium to the environment. The organic fractions of evaluated OGPWs and chloride-based products posed little risk to human health. However, organic-based dust suppressants regulated toxicity pathways related to xenobiotic metabolism, lipid metabolism, endocrine disruption, and oxidative stress, indicating their use could lead to environmental harm and health risks to operators handing these products and residents living near treated roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Farnan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - John P Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA ,16802, USA; INDIGO Biosciences, Inc., 3006 Research Drive, Suite A1, PA, 16801, USA.
| | - Frank L Dorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA ,16802, USA.
| | - Nathaniel R Warner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - William D Burgos
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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23
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Khan M, Parshad S, Naimi MF, Sidhu AK, Lyons F, Hardisty MR, Whyne CM, Smoragiewicz M, Phillips CM, Briones J, Emmenegger U. Sarcopenia in Men With Bone-Predominant Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Undergoing Ra-223 Therapy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:e228-e235.e1. [PMID: 36849325 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcopenia is the progressive loss of musculoskeletal structure and functionality, contributing to disability and mortality. Despite complex interactions between bone and muscle, osteosarcopenia prevention and treatment in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) focuses predominantly on bone health. It is unknown whether Radium-223 (Ra-223) therapy affects sarcopenia. METHODS We identified 52 patients with mCRPC who had received Ra-223 and had a baseline plus ≥1 follow-up abdominopelvic CT scan. The total contour area (TCA) and averaged Hounsfield units (HU) of the left and right psoas muscles were obtained at the inferior L3 endplate, and the psoas muscle index (PMI) was calculated therefrom. Intrapatient musculoskeletal changes were analyzed across various time points. RESULTS TCA and PMI gradually declined over the study period (P = .002, P = .003, respectively), but Ra-223 therapy did not accelerate sarcopenia, nor the decline of HU compared to the pre-Ra-223 period. The median overall survival of patients with baseline sarcopenia was numerically worse (14.93 vs. 23.23 months, HR 0.612, P = .198). CONCLUSIONS Ra-223 does not accelerate sarcopenia. Thus, worsening muscle parameters in men with mCRPC undergoing Ra-223 therapy are attributable to other factors. Further research is needed to determine whether baseline sarcopenia predicts poor overall survival in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Khan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shruti Parshad
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahdi F Naimi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanjot K Sidhu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mater University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael R Hardisty
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cari M Whyne
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Smoragiewicz
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron M Phillips
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Oncology, Niagara Health Systems, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Briones
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Urban Emmenegger
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Reilly M, Dandapani SV, Kumar KA, Constine L, Fogh SE, Roberts KB, Small W, Schechter NR. ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for the Performance of Total Body Irradiation. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:185-192. [PMID: 36907934 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the American Radium Society (ARS). This practice parameter provides updated reference literature regarding both clinical-based conventional total body irradiation and evolving volumetric modulated total body irradiation. METHODS This practice parameter was developed according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website ( https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards ) by the Committee on Practice Parameters-Radiation Oncology of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology in collaboration with the ARS. RESULTS This practice parameter provides a comprehensive update to the reference literature regarding conventional total body irradiation and modulated total body irradiation. Dependence on dose rate remains an active area of ongoing investigation in both the conventional setting (where instantaneous dose rate can be varied) and in more modern rotational techniques, in which average dose rate is the relevant variable. The role of imaging during patient setup and the role of inhomogeneity corrections due to computer-based treatment planning systems are included as evolving areas of clinical interest notably surrounding the overall dose inhomogeneity. There is increasing emphasis on the importance of evaluating mean lung dose as it relates to toxicity during high-dose total body irradiation regimens. CONCLUSIONS This practice parameter can be used as an effective tool in designing and evaluating a total body irradiation program that successfully incorporates the close interaction and coordination among the radiation oncologists, medical physicists, dosimetrists, nurses, and radiation therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran A Kumar
- UT Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX
| | - Louis Constine
- University of Rochester Medical Center 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY
| | - Shannon E Fogh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, CA
| | | | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Loyola University Medical Center Department of Radiation Oncology Maguire Center - Room 2944 2160 S. 1st Ave. Maywood, IL
| | - Naomi R Schechter
- South Florida Proton Therapy Institute and Rakuten-Medical, Inc., Delray Beach, FL
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25
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Sadighara P, Mohajer A, Shamloo E, Akbari N, Vakili Saatloo N. The radionuclides contamination in eggs as an environmental marker: a systematic review. Rev Environ Health 2023; 38:187-192. [PMID: 35090102 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Foods are contaminated with natural and man-made radionuclides. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the amount and type of radionuclides in eggs, as well as the biomarker capability of eggs. The research studies with keywords radionuclide, radioisotopes, contamination and egg were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases, regardless of publication time. A number of 70 studies were obtained and only 13 articles were finally selected according to exclusion, inclusion criteria and quality assessment results. Studies which detected radionuclide in the hen eggs were selected. The highest frequency of radionuclides belonged to Ra-226 and Cs-137. The index of natural radionuclides is Ra-226 and the index of synthetic radionuclides is Cs-137. The local eggs, in addition to determining food contamination, can also be a good biomarker for identifying environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sadighara
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Mohajer
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shamloo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nader Akbari
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naiema Vakili Saatloo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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26
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Shaposhnikova LM, Rachkova NG, Shubina TP. Bioaccumulation and retention of Po-210 and Pb-210 in two species of mosses from the zone of influence of the former radium-extracting plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:34966-34977. [PMID: 36525185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The presented study was aimed at assessing the ability to accumulate and retain 210Po and 210Pb in two species of the mosses Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow and Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. Mosses were collected in the zone of influence of the former radium-extracting plants (Komi Republic, Russia). 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations in S. girgensohnii varied from 131 ± 15.4 to 221 ± 18.3 Bq kg-1, and from 164 ± 18.6 to 309 ± 26.1 Bq kg-1 respectively. In P. schreberi corresponding activity concentrations ranged from 107 ± 18.8 to 328 ± 29.2 Bq kg-1 and from 117 ± 13.2 to 399 ± 31.1 Bq kg-1. Activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in autumn were higher than in summer. In the young parts of the mosses, they were lower than in the old parts. To assess the ability to retain accumulated radionuclides, watersoluble (distilled H2O), exchangeable (1 M CH3COONH4), and acidsoluble (0.1 M H2SO4) fractions of 210Po and 210Pb were isolated from the studied mosses by the method sequential extraction. It was revealed that these fractions in total contained up to 26% of 210Po and 39% of 210Pb. The results showed that the studied moss species are a good biogeochemical barrier and long-term storage for 210Pb and 210Po.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov M Shaposhnikova
- Laboratory of Radionuclides Migration and Radiochemistry, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalya G Rachkova
- Laboratory of Radionuclides Migration and Radiochemistry, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana P Shubina
- Department of Flora and Vegetation of the North, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Kommunisticheskaya 28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation
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Donaher SE, Dunn RP, Gonzales AK, Wattier BD, Powell BA, Martinez NE. Tissue-Specific Toxicokinetics of Aqueous Radium-226 in an Estuarine Mussel, Geukensia demissa. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:3187-3197. [PMID: 36799656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiological contamination of coastal habitats poses potential risk for native fauna, but the bioavailability of aqueous radium (Ra) and other dissolved metals to marine bivalves remains unclear. This study was the first to examine the tissue-specific disposition of aqueous 226Ra in a coastal mussel, specifically the Atlantic ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa. Most organ groups reached steady-state concentrations within 7 days during experimental exposure, with an average uptake rate constant of 0.0013 mL g-1 d-1. When moved to Ra-free synthetic seawater, mussels rapidly eliminated aqueous 226Ra (average elimination rate constant 1.56 d-1). The biological half-life for aqueous 226Ra ranged from 8.9 h for the gills and labial palps to 15.4 h for the muscle. Although previous field studies have demonstrated notable 226Ra accumulation in the soft tissues of marine mussels and that, for freshwater mussels, tissue-incorporated 226Ra derives primarily from the aqueous phase, our tissue-specific bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were on the order of (8.3 ± 1.5) × 10-4 indicating low accumulation potential of aqueous 226Ra in estuarine mussels. This suggests marine and estuarine mussels obtain 226Ra from an alternate route, such as particulate-sorbed Ra ingested during filter-feeding or from a contaminated food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Donaher
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - Robert P Dunn
- North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Reserve, Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, United States
- Baruch Marine Field Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, United States
| | - Annelise K Gonzales
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - Bryanna D Wattier
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - Brian A Powell
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
- Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM), Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Nicole E Martinez
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
- Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM), Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Chiang PC, Chiang PH, Chen IHA, Chen YT, Wang HJ, Cheng YT, Kang CH, Chen CH, Liu YY, Su YL, Chen YH, Luo HL. Treatment outcomes with radium-223 in docetaxel-naïve versus docetaxel-treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: Real-world evidence from Taiwan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32671. [PMID: 36749250 PMCID: PMC9901946 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While radium (Ra)-223 is among the multiple, known life-prolonging treatments in bone-predominant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), optimal treatment sequencing has not been determined, particularly in the Asia-Pacific context. Hence, we aimed to compare treatment outcomes of docetaxel-naïve and post-docetaxel mCRPC patients undergoing Ra-223 therapy in Taiwan. Using a single-center retrospective cohort design, we reviewed records of adult patients receiving Ra-223 for bone-metastatic mCRPC from 2018 to 2021. Patients were categorized into docetaxel-naïve or post-docetaxel groups based on history of docetaxel use preceding Ra-223. We compared the 2 groups in terms of all-cause death, 6-cycle treatment completion, and the following secondary outcomes: pain control, change in biochemical parameters (prostate-specific antigen, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase), biochemical response, and treatment-emergent adverse events. We performed total population sampling and a complete case analysis. We included 48 patients (25 docetaxel-naïve, 23 post-docetaxel) in the study. The mean follow-up duration was 12.4 months for the entire cohort. The docetaxel-naïve group exhibited a significantly lower all-cause mortality rate versus the post-docetaxel group (40.0% vs 78.3%, P = .02), as well as a significantly higher treatment completion rate (72.0% vs 26.1%, P < .01). We did not find significant differences in pain control, change in biochemical parameters, biochemical response, or hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events between the 2 groups. However, the docetaxel-naïve group had a numerically higher pain control rate, numerically greater improvements in alkaline phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen, and numerically lower rates of grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and grade ≥ 3 thrombocytopenia than the post-docetaxel group. Use of Ra-223 in docetaxel-naïve patients with mCRPC led to lower mortality and higher treatment completion than post-docetaxel use. Our study adds preliminary real-world evidence that Ra-223 may be used safely and effectively in earlier lines of treatment for bone-predominant mCRPC. Further large-scale, longer-term, and controlled studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Chiang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Hsuan Alan Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Yen-Ta Chen
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Wang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tso Cheng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Kang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsu Chen
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Su
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Lun Luo
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * Correspondence: Hao-Lun Luo, Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City 833401, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Maystrenko T, Rybak A. Radium uptake by earthworms E. fetida after exposure to contaminated soil. J Environ Radioact 2023; 257:107085. [PMID: 36538842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radium-226 is one of the most important radionuclides for assessing the radiation exposure in terrestrial ecosystems in terms of its significant contribution to the internal and total dose rates. A laboratory culture of Eisenia fetida was exposed to soil contaminated with 226Ra and 238U during two months. These nuclides entered the soil as a result of industrial radium production (Vodny, Komi Republic, Russia). The concentrations of 226Ra and 238U were 89000 ± 9000 and 2130 ± 270 Bq kg-1 of soil. Bioaccumulation of 226Ra was investigated in E. fetida exposed to the radioactive soil or to a mixture containing the same radioactive soil diluted with peat and sand. The activity concentrations of 226Ra in E. fetida were higher after exposure to the contaminated soil compared to the mixture. The literature data on the radium accumulation in earthworms were considered also. Our experiments showed that the concentration ratio (CR) of 226Ra in E. fetida varied from 5.5 × 10-4 to 4.5 × 10-3 Bq kg-1 f.w./Bq kg-1 d.w. The average CRs were (6.7 ± 1.7) × 10-4 for the earthworms E. fetida from the soil mixture and (3.2 ± 1.2) × 10-3 for those from the radioactive soil. These CRs for 226Ra were up to two orders of magnitude lower than the values calculated by us from the results obtained by other researchers for natural earthworm populations in areas with lower levels radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Maystrenko
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of RAS, Russia.
| | - Anna Rybak
- Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of RAS, Russia.
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Tchelebi LT, Jethwa KR, Levy AT, Anker CJ, Kennedy T, Grodstein E, Hallemeier CL, Jabbour SK, Kim E, Kumar R, Lee P, Small W, Williams VM, Sharma N, Russo S. American Radium Society (ARS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:73-84. [PMID: 36534388 PMCID: PMC9855763 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although uncommon, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) is a deadly malignancy, and the treatment approaches remain controversial. While surgery remains the only cure, few patients are candidates for resection up front, and there are high rates of both local and distant failure following resection. Herein, we systematically review the available evidence regarding treatment approaches for patients with EHCC, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The evidence regarding treatment outcomes was assessed using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) framework. A summary of recommendations based on the available literature is outlined for specific clinical scenarios encountered by providers in the clinic to guide the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishan R. Jethwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Christopher J. Anker
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Timothy Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Elliot Grodstein
- Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead
| | | | - Salma K. Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Ed Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachit Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Percy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | | | - Navesh Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, WellSpan Cancer Center, York, PA
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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Huang WH, Huang CM, Lin CC, Yeh YL, Chen TC. ASSESSMENT OF DOSES FROM INGESTION OF RADIONUCLIDES 40 K, 137CS, 226RA AND 232TH IN EDIBLE COMMERCIAL MUSHROOMS FROM TAIWAN. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:1557-1564. [PMID: 36259550 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed activity concentration and annual effective dose of radionuclides 40K, 137Cs, 226Ra and 232Th of 44 mushrooms collected from local markets in Taiwan. The 40K activity concentrations were 1570 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Agaricus bisporus) > 1084 ± 183 Bq/kg-dw (Flammulina velutipe) > 736 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Lentinula edodes). The activity concentrations of 226Ra were 5.04 ± 2.43, 4.00 ± 2.40 and 3.43 ± 2.69 Bq/kg-dw, and 232Th were 3.96 ± 2.18, 3.86 ± 1.43 and 2.90 ± 1.99 Bq/kg-dw for F. velutipe, L. edodes and A. bisporus, respectively. In seven of the 44 samples, 137Cs activity concentrations were detected, and the samples had an average of 1.55 ± 1.75 Bq/kg-dw. The total annual effective dose ranged from 0.90 to 3.50 μSv/y, with an average of 1.94 ± 0.62 μSv/y at an ingestion rate of 0.235 kg-dw/y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Lee HY, Maeng S, Park SJ, Lee SH. COMPARISON OF GAMMA ABSORBED DOSE RATES IN THE AIR MEASURED WITH A PORTABLE SURVEY METER AND THE SOIL RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:1529-1539. [PMID: 36208181 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To compare the measurement results of a portable survey meter with a soil-based dose rate assessment method, the gamma absorbed dose rates in the air were measured at 27 sites. The soil-based gamma absorbed dose rates in the air were calculated using established conversion factors and the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K of the soil at the sites. The gamma absorbed dose rate averages of the portable survey meter, and computing from the activity concentrations in the soil were 65.8 ± 4.26 and 64.8 ± 3.68 nGy⋅h-1, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found in the comparison between the evaluated gamma absorbed dose rates from soil radioactivity and in the air. Conversion factors based on the local soils converting to the absorbed dose rate were computed from the portable survey meter data and the soil activity concentrations, and it was compared with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Lee
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Radiation Science Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daehak ro 80, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Maeng
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Park
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Korea Foundation of Nuclear Safety, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13493, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
- Radiation Science Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daehak ro 80, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, the Republic of Korea
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Yorgun NY, Oto B, Gür F, Tarakçı M, Yıldız HE, Kavaz E. MEASUREMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF 226RA, 232TH, 40K IN THE SOIL IN SETTLEMENTS ON THE COASTLINE OF LAKE VAN, TURKEY. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:1575-1584. [PMID: 36274260 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the natural radioactivity level and its effects on the environment of Lake Van, which is the largest lake in Turkey, were investigated extensively. Initially, 254 soil samples have been collected from the districts (Tusba, Edremit, Gevas, Tatvan, Ahlat, Adilcevaz, Ercis) located around the coastline of Lake Van in eastern Turkey. A Na(TI) detector was used to detect activity concentrations of radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) in each collected soil sample. The obtained average results were compared with available data from Turkey and international data base. The average activity in soil samples was measured as 28.0 ± 3.7-43.6 ± 2.2 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 27.3 ± 4.1-55.4 ± 4.8 Bq/kg for 232Th and 377 ± 42- 706 ± 40 Bq/kg for 40K. It was observed that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K (43.6 ± 2.2, 55.4 ± 4.8, 706 ± 40 Bq/kg, respectively) for Tatvan district and (37.0 ± 3.5, 51.4 ± 4.2, 479 ± 41 Bq/kg, respectively) for Ahlat district were higher than both national and international average value. In addition, radiological effect parameters originating from terrestrial natural radionuclides for the study area; gamma dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and lifetime cancer development probability (LCR) were calculated. The Dout, AEDE, LCR (83.0 ± 3.9 nGy/h, 0.102 ± 0.005 mSv/y, 0.36 ± 0.02 x 10-3, respectively) parameters in Tatvan district were found to be above the international allowable value.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yıldız Yorgun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65040 Van, Turkey
| | - B Oto
- Department of Marine Engineering, Faculty of Maritime, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65040 Van, Turkey
| | - F Gür
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - M Tarakçı
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - H Erzen Yıldız
- Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65040 Van, Turkey
| | - E Kavaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Hester K, Kirrane E, Anderson T, Kulikowski N, Simmons JE, Lehmann DM. Environmental exposure to metals and the development of tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and TDP-43 proteinopathies: A systematic evidence map protocol. Environ Int 2022; 169:107528. [PMID: 36183491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are incurable and expected to increase in prevalence in the upcoming decades. Environmental exposure to metals has been suggested as a contributing factor to the development of neurodegenerative disease. This systematic evidence map will identify and characterize the epidemiological and experimental data available on the intersection of eighteen metals of environmental concern (i.e., aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, palladium, radium, silver, vanadium, and zinc) and three neurodegenerative disease clusters (i.e., tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and TDP-43 proteinopathies). We aim to describe the type and amount of evidence available (or lack thereof) for each metal and neurodegenerative disease combination and highlight important knowledge gaps and knowledge clusters for future research. METHODS We will conduct a thorough search using two databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection) and grey literature resources. Pre-defined criteria have been developed to identify studies which evaluate at least one of the selected metals and neurodegenerative disease-relevant outcomes (e.g., neuropathology, cognitive function, motor function, disease mortality). At each phase of review, studies will be evaluated by two reviewers. Studies determined to be relevant will be extracted for population, exposure, and outcome information. We will conduct a narrative review of the included studies, and the extracted data will be available in a database hosted on Tableau Public. CONCLUSION This protocol documents the decisions made a priori to data collection regarding these objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Hester
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Ellen Kirrane
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Timothy Anderson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Hazardous Pollutant Assessment & Systems Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Nichole Kulikowski
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Jane Ellen Simmons
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - David M Lehmann
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Kapinusova G, Jani K, Smrhova T, Pajer P, Jarosova I, Suman J, Strejcek M, Uhlik O. Culturomics of Bacteria from Radon-Saturated Water of the World's Oldest Radium Mine. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0199522. [PMID: 36000901 PMCID: PMC9602452 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01995-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Balneotherapeutic water springs, such as those with thermal, saline, sulfur, or any other characteristics, have recently been the subject of phylogenetic studies with a closer focus on the description and/or isolation of phylogenetically novel or biotechnologically interesting microorganisms. Generally, however, most such microorganisms are rarely obtained in pure culture or are even, for now, unculturable under laboratory conditions. In this culture-dependent study of radioactive water springs of Jáchymov (Joachimstahl), Czech Republic, we investigated a combination of classical cultivation approaches with those imitating sampling source conditions. Using these environmentally relevant cultivation approaches, over 1,000 pure cultures were successfully isolated from 4 radioactive springs. Subsequent dereplication yielded 121 unique taxonomic units spanning 44 genera and 9 taxonomic classes, ~10% of which were identified as hitherto undescribed taxa. Genomes of the latter were sequenced and analyzed, with a special focus on endogenous defense systems to withstand oxidative stress and aid in radiotolerance. Due to their origin from radioactive waters, we determined the resistance of the isolates to oxidative stress. Most of the isolates were more resistant to menadione than the model strain Deinococcus radiodurans DSM 20539T. Moreover, isolates of the Deinococcacecae, Micrococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae families even exhibited higher resistance in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In summary, our culturomic analysis shows that subsurface water springs contain diverse bacterial populations, including as-yet-undescribed taxa and strains with promising biotechnological potential. Furthermore, this study suggests that environmentally relevant cultivation techniques increase the efficiency of cultivation, thus enhancing the chance of isolating hitherto uncultured microorganisms. IMPORTANCE The mine Svornost in Jáchymov (Joachimstahl), Czech Republic is a former silver-uranium mine and the world's first and for a long time only radium mine, nowadays the deepest mine devoted to the extraction of water which is saturated with radon and has therapeutic benefits given its chemical properties. This healing water, which is approximately 13 thousand years old, is used under medical supervision for the treatment of patients with neurological and rheumatic disorders. Our culturomic approach using low concentrations of growth substrates or the environmental matrix itself (i.e., water filtrate) in culturing media combined with prolonged cultivation time resulted in the isolation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms from 4 radioactive springs of Jáchymov which are phylogenetically novel and/or bear various adaptive or coping mechanisms to thrive under selective pressure and can thus provide a wide spectrum of capabilities potentially exploitable in diverse scientific, biotechnological, or medical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kapinusova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kunal Jani
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Smrhova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Jarosova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jachym Suman
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Strejcek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Eckertová T, Böhm R, Holý K. STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE AND GRAIN SIZE ON RADON EMANATION FROM SOIL USING AN ADVANCED MULTIGRAIN MODEL. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:778-784. [PMID: 36005959 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among the most important factors that influence radon emanation from soil particles is the soil moisture and grain size. Both components, in its own way, modify the length of a trajectory that radon atom pass through in a volume of the soil pores. To better understand their impact on an emanation, we have developed our own computer program that can simulate the 222Rn emanation process in the soil environment, using an idea of a multigrain model. In our case, the central, radium-bearing soil grain is surrounded by 1330 adjacent grains of the same size forming a cubic structure and the moisture in a space of the soil pores is differently distributed. The simulation process is based on a two different distribution of 226Ra in soil grains (homogenous and heterogenous), while several variants of the thickness of an escape layer are analyzed for grains of different sizes and moisture contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Eckertová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslav Böhm
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Holý
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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37
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Ondrák L, Sommer M, Štěpán V, Davídková M, Vlk M, Kundrát P, Kozempel J. EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO DOSIMETRY OF 223RA AND 177LU. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:508-513. [PMID: 36005976 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy with radionuclides undergoing multiple alpha-particle decays is a promising method of nuclear medicine. To study the effectiveness of alpha versus beta emitters, survival of DU145 prostate cancer cells exposed to 223Ra or 177Lu was assessed. Per decay, the cells were much more sensitive to the alpha than beta emitter. However, per unit dose the sensitivities would be comparable, contrary to the well-known evidence, if the decay energy were deposited within the sample completely and homogeneously. Measurements by Timepix detectors showed about three times higher counts of alpha particles above than below the sample. After the first alpha decay of 223Ra to 219Rn, this gas likely moves upwards and its subsequent three alpha decays occur in the upper part of the sample. Correct estimation of absorbed dose is a critical issue when analysing in vitro data and when translating their results to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Ondrák
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sommer
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Štěpán
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Davídková
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kundrát
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlářce 39/64, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Kozempel
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
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38
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Lin F, Lin C, Yu W, Sun X, Lin H. Radium and Lead Radioisotopes Composition of Sediment and Its Biogeochemical Implication in Polymetallic Nodule Area of Clario-Clipperton Zone. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165061. [PMID: 36014297 PMCID: PMC9416507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactivity levels of 210Pb and 226Ra were detected in a sediment core obtained using a multi-corer from the polymetallic nodule area inside the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a contract area of the China Ocean Mineral Resources Association (COMR) in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The profile of excess 210Pb (210Pbex) shows that the specific activity of 210Pbex has three parts with different distributions at depths of 0–16 cm (I), 17–36 cm (II), and 37–48 cm (III). When the I section of nonlocal mixing was excluded, using a steady-state diffusion mode, the bioturbation coefficients of the core were estimated to be 24.2 cm2/a at 17–36 cm deep and 5.9 cm2/a at 37–48 cm deep, which were greater compared to previously published results. This is most likely owing to bioturbations caused by various organism species in the two sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cai Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wen Yu
- School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiuwu Sun
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
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39
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Whitcher R, Page RD, Cole PR, Chappell S, Hicks J. Surface degradation of laminated metal 226Ra foils used in school sealed sources in the UK. J Radiol Prot 2022; 42:021517. [PMID: 35226882 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the few years leading up to this research, CLEAPSS noticed a small but steadily increasing number of calls from UK schools regarding a red-brown discolouration on the surface of the foil of their radium source. There were no reports of this type of discolouration on foils of other radionuclides. CLEAPSS and the University of Liverpool collaborated to investigate the nature and cause of this discolouration and the likelihood that the foils were becoming unsafe. The evidence indicates that the discolouration is principally caused by some combination of silicon, sulfur and possibly lead from within the foil diffusing into the face layer. There is no indication currently that the face layers are fragmenting on these foils, but the longer-term integrity of the discoloured foils now becomes questionable. Given the age of the foils and the radiotoxicity of radium, the recommendation from this research is that discoloured foils should be taken out of service and disposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Whitcher
- CLEAPSS, Units 5 & 6, Chiltern Court, Asheridge Road, Chesham, HP5 2PX, United Kingdom
| | - R D Page
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P R Cole
- Radiation Protection Office, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - S Chappell
- Central Teaching Hub, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BX, United Kingdom
| | - J Hicks
- Central Teaching Hub, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BX, United Kingdom
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40
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Chen J, Zhang W. MEASUREMENTS OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM SOUTHERN ONTARIO AND ESTIMATION OF THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION INDEX IN BUILDING MATERIAL OF LOCAL ORIGIN. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 197:119-123. [PMID: 34734256 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the measurement of natural radionuclides in soil samples collected from southern Ontario, Canada. The mean activity concentrations in soil are 28, 28 and 641 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Assuming activity concentrations in masonry materials such as brick and concrete are similar to soil in the surrounding area, the activity concentration index for masonry materials of Southern Ontario origin is estimated as 0.45, ranging from 0.15 to 0.83. The results indicate that the annual effective dose from exposure to gamma radiation in buildings constructed using masonry materials of southern Ontario origin for all structures (floor, ceiling and walls) would be <1 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
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41
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Murith C, Di Tommaso G, Estier S, Flury T, Palacios-Gruson M, Stalder C, Baechler S. MODELLING THE EXPOSURE OF RESIDENTS OF A RADIUM-CONTAMINATED LIVING PLACE. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 197:101-110. [PMID: 34850223 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the Swiss Radium Action Plan 2015-22, which aims to investigate and remediate sites contaminated by the radium used in the Swiss watch industry, a reference level of 1 mSv per y has been defined for the exposure of residents. An additional protection objective has been set for soil contamination, which should not exceed the value of 1000 Bq per kg 226Ra. Based on measurements on the study sites, the doses received by residents were calculated accordingly to the methodology, in both indoor and outdoor areas, taking into account external exposure and ingestion. The site diagnosis approach consists of a screening procedure based on a rapid measurement, followed, if necessary, by additional analysis to estimate doses. Sites where modelling indicates that the reference level or the complementary protection objective for soil contamination have been exceeded are subject to remediation. The application of the methodology based on these radiological criteria to 752 sites diagnosed until December 2020 indicates a rate of sites (buildings and outdoor areas) requiring remediation of ~16%. The annual doses to residents calculated by modelling are between 1 and 20 mSv per y for these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Murith
- Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 157 Schwarzenburgstrasse, Bern 3003, Switzerland
| | - Gennaro Di Tommaso
- Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 157 Schwarzenburgstrasse, Bern 3003, Switzerland
| | - Sybille Estier
- Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 157 Schwarzenburgstrasse, Bern 3003, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Flury
- Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 157 Schwarzenburgstrasse, Bern 3003, Switzerland
| | - Martha Palacios-Gruson
- Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 157 Schwarzenburgstrasse, Bern 3003, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Stalder
- Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 157 Schwarzenburgstrasse, Bern 3003, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Baechler
- Federal Office of Public Health, Radiation Protection Division, 157 Schwarzenburgstrasse, Bern 3003, Switzerland
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Modoni S, Frangos S, Iakovou I, Boero M, Mansi L. Theragnostics before we found its name. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 65:299-305. [PMID: 35133096 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.21.03410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theragnostics embraces "gnosis" and "prognosis" and concerns a treatment strategy which combines diagnostics with therapeutics. The birth of what we call today theragnostics can be traced in 1936, with the proposal of radioiodine, the first radiopharmaceutical approved in 1951 by FDA, in USA, as 131I sodium iodide. In 1957, 89Sr was also approved as first therapeutic radiotracer for skeletal metastases, followed in the subsequent years by 186Rh, 153Sm and, more recently, 223Ra, the first alpha emitter clinically utilized, allowing curative results and not only a palliative effect. Proposed in first eighties as [131I] Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), the theragnostic couple 123I/131I MIBG is still used in neural crest tumors, while, starting from partially unsatisfactory results in 70's, models based on antibodies for radioimmunoscintigraphy/radioimmunotherapy have been subsequently upgraded thanks to the introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other significant biological and technical improvements. The "Theragnostics called with this name" can be dated to early 90's with the first proposal of the somatostatin model, actually widely operating in neuroendocrine tumors with radio-chelates usable for diagnosis and therapy. Since then, many investigators are working on new theragnostics agents, also outside of the nuclear medicine, based on peptides, antibodies and other tools to find new models applicable in the clinical practice. The fast growth is stimulated by the interest of big pharma. Theragnostic concepts are the roots of nuclear medicine and new great goals are soon to be achieved in the direction of an increasing precision and tailored medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Modoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Foggia University Hospital, Foggia, Italy -
| | - Savvas Frangos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinic of Thyroid Cancer, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Iakovou
- Medical School, Department of Academic Nuclear Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michele Boero
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Mansi
- Interuniversity Research Center for Sustainability (CIRPS), Rome, Italy
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43
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Odongo WOG, Chege M, Tokonami S, Hashim N, Kranrod C, Nyambura C. RADON AND THORON EXHALATION RATES FROM EARTHEN BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREAS OF HOMA AND RURI, KENYA. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 197:12-18. [PMID: 34718805 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
222Rn and 220Rn surface exhalation rates from earthen building materials used in high background radiation areas of Homa and Ruri, Kenya have been measured using an accumulation chamber coupled with RAD7 detector. Activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th in the building materials were determined by γ-ray spectroscopy. In Homa the average 222Rn surface exhalation was 1 ± 0.1 mBqm-2 s-1, while that of 220Rn was 18 ± 2 Bqm-2 s-1; in Ruri 222Rn was 0.9 ± 0.1 mBqm-2 s-1 and 220Rn was 25 ± 3 Bqm-2 s-1. 222Rn was 26 times lower than world average and 220Rn was higher by a factor of 21. Average 232Th in Ruri was 1094 ± 55 Bq/kg, three times that in Homa; 226Ra was 129 ± 10 and 111 ± 6 Bq/kg in Homa and Ruri, respectively. There was a strong correlation between exhalation rate of 222Rn and concentration of 226Ra, as well as between 232Th and 220Rn. Thus, 220Rn was the major contributor to the inhaled dose in earthen dwellings of the two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Otieno Gor Odongo
- Department of Physics, Kenyatta University P.O. Box 43844 Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Physics, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Margaret Chege
- Department of Physics, Kenyatta University P.O. Box 43844 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Nadir Hashim
- Department of Physics, Kenyatta University P.O. Box 43844 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chutima Kranrod
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Catherine Nyambura
- Department of Physics, Kenyatta University P.O. Box 43844 Nairobi, Kenya
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Andersson M, Kluge A, Meyer T, Koumarianou E, Mattsson S. IDAC-ALPHA: AN ALPHA DOSIMETRY SOFTWARE FOR NORMAL ORGANS AND TISSUES. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 195:327-333. [PMID: 33839784 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals have been used for the treatment of various forms of cancer since the 1940s. In recent years, the advantages of alpha emitting radionuclides have emerged as a favourable treatment option. However, most alpha emitting radionuclides have long decay chains with long-lived daughter radionuclides. This leads to uncertainties in the dosimetry for normal organs and tissues, when established dosimetry models are employed. The aim of this project is to assign each progeny its own biokinetic behaviour. The novel dosimetry model was applied to 223Ra-dichloride, frequently used for the treatment of patients with metastatic bone disease from castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this dosimetry model, individual biokinetics for each daughter radionuclide was included. This resulted in a decrease in absorbed dose to bone surfaces and red marrow and increased absorbed dose to liver and kidney, when compared with dosimetry models assuming that the daughter nuclides follow the biokinetics of the parent radionuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andersson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SUS Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Kluge
- ABX - CRO advanced pharmaceutical services, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Meyer
- ABX - CRO advanced pharmaceutical services, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Koumarianou
- ABX - CRO advanced pharmaceutical services, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Mattsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SUS Malmö, Sweden
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Ait Bouh H, Laissaoui A, Ziad N, El Kotbi MC, Benmhammed A. LEVELS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES IN SEDIMENTS OF SOME MOROCCAN COASTAL AREAS AND DOSE ASSESSMENT BASED ON ERICA TOOL. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 195:99-113. [PMID: 34387691 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we considered the concentrations of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (namely the 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 137Cs, 234Th, 228Th and 228Ra) in sediments from Moroccan coast areas by considering estuaries (Sebou and Loukkos) and marine ecosystems (M'diq Bay and three Lagoons: Moulay Bousselham, Sidi Moussa and Oualidia). Sediment samples were analyzed using Gamma spectrometry. The objective was to establish radioactivity levels in Moroccan coastal areas as well as radiological risk assessment by using the ERICA tool. The software allows the estimation of dose rates to biota (a set of reference organisms by default). The highest activity concentrations were found in sediment samples of Sidi Moussa Lagoon, possibly due to the anthropogenic activities, while the lowest levels were reported in Sebou estuary, attributed most probably to a flooding event that occurred in the same year of sampling. Also, 210Pb and 40K have the most significant concentrations, while 137Cs has the lowest concentrations with a great resemblance with similar works. The World Wide Average concentration of 226Ra was exceeded in the three lagoons and that of 40K only exceeded at Sidi Moussa Lagoon. The application of ERICA tool allowed the assessment of total dose rates that are mainly due to internal exposure with strong contribution of 226Ra mainly for phytoplankton in the case of marine ecosystems and insect larvae, mollusc-bivalve, mollusc-gastropod and zooplankton for estuary ecosystems. The total dose rates were far lesser than the admissible dose rate proposed by ERICA tool (10 μGy h-1) and, therefore, unlikely to cause harmful effects to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ait Bouh
- Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), B.P.1382 R.P., 10001 Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Laissaoui
- Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), B.P.1382 R.P., 10001 Rabat, Morocco
| | - N Ziad
- Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - M C El Kotbi
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - A Benmhammed
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
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Corrêa LB, de Oliveira Henriques MDGM, Rosas EC, Santos-Oliveira R. Intra-articular use of radium dichloride ([ 223Ra] RaCl 2) showed relevant anti-inflammatory response on experimental arthritis model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:336-344. [PMID: 34370060 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory chronic autoimmune disease. The treatment of RA is difficult and, in many cases, ineffective, and the arsenal of drugs is limited. Due the longevity of the disease, RA may cause extreme musculoskeletal disorders with a high impact on quality of life. Also, RA is related with severe comorbidities decreasing the life expectancy. Finally, RA has been reported to impact in economy and healthy public. In this direction, the necessity to discover new strategies to efficiently treat RA is immediate. In this direction, we have reported the use of low doses of [223Ra] RaCl2 (radium dichloride) as intra-articular injection to treat RA. Mice were post-treated with [223Ra] RaCl2 (1.48 µCi; i.a.) 24 h after zymosan stimulus. Zymosan-induced arthrithis is responsible for leucocyte recruitment (total leukocytes, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells), which were inhibited by intra-articular injection of [223Ra] RaCl2 (69%, 77%, and 66%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Barbosa Corrêa
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology On Innovation On Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21041361, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, FarmanguinhosRio de Janeiro, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21041361, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Muller de Oliveira Henriques
- National Institute for Science and Technology On Innovation On Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21041361, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, FarmanguinhosRio de Janeiro, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21041361, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cruz Rosas
- National Institute for Science and Technology On Innovation On Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21041361, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, FarmanguinhosRio de Janeiro, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21041361, Brazil
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Zona Oeste State University, Rio de Janeiro, 23070200, Brazil.
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Falvello V, Van Poznak C. Updates in Management of Bone Metastatic Disease in Primary Solid Tumors with Systemic Therapies. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:452-461. [PMID: 34191239 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight novel and impactful discoveries in systemic treatment of bone metastatic disease in solid tumors published within the past 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS Major developments in systemic treatment of bone metastatic disease in solid tumors include evidence that decreasing frequency of dosing zoledronic acid in metastatic breast and prostate cancer maintains efficacy in preventing skeletal-related events while decreasing costs. The landmark findings on the use of Radium-223 to treat metastatic prostate cancer were reported in 2013. Recently, it has been found that not all systemic therapy combinations with Radium-223 are necessarily safe or effective unless bone-targeted therapy is also included in the regimen. More cost-effective dosing intervals of zoledronic acid and efficacy and safety nuances of combination radiopharmaceutical and chemotherapy treatment have been better delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Falvello
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Catherine Van Poznak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Chitra N, Sundar SB, Valan II, Subramanian V, Jose MT, Venkatraman B. MODELING AND EXPERIMENTS TO ESTIMATE RADON EMANATION FACTOR IN SOIL-GRAIN SIZE AND MOISTURE EFFECT. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 194:104-112. [PMID: 34132341 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of soil grain size on its radon emanation mechanism was investigated by developing a Monte-Carlo model. The proposed model supplements the previous formulations by accounting for the effect elicited by specific surface area of the sample. The specific surface area of a sample is governed by its grain size and it strongly influences the emanation rate which is a surface phenomenon. The emanation study was further extended to include the moisture effect. Experiments were carried out with two soil samples; Soil-2 and Soil-4 collected from different terrains, to analyze the role played by moisture in the emanation mechanism. The above model was augmented with provisions to include the moisture input. The model could reproduce the experimental results. There is an abrupt increase in the emanation factor when the moisture content changes from 0 to 2%. Thereafter, the increase is gradual and finally becomes steady when the moisture level reaches 10%. Soil-2 and Soil-4 showed sizeable difference in their radon emanation factor values. This could be explained based on the parent226Ra distribution pattern which stems from the mineralogical composition of the samples. Quartz was predominantly found in Soil-2, whereas Soil-4 shows peaks corresponding to minerals namely ilmenite, Rutile and Zircon confirming relatively higher concentration of heavy minerals than Soil-2. The emanation factor values of the individual minerals reported in the literature were used to decide upon the 226Ra distribution depth and with this input the model to ascertain the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chitra
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Bala Sundar
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - I Inigo Valan
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Subramanian
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M T Jose
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Venkatraman
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
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Martinez NE, Jokisch DW, Dauer LT, Eckerman KF, Goans RE, Brockman JD, Tolmachev SY, Avtandilashvili M, Mumma MT, Boice JD, Leggett RW. Radium dial workers: back to the future. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:750-768. [PMID: 33900890 PMCID: PMC10563809 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1917785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper reviews the history of the radium dial workers in the United States, summarizes the scientific progress made since the last evaluation in the early 1990s, and discusses current progress in updating the epidemiologic cohort and applying new dosimetric models for radiation risk assessment. BACKGROUND The discoveries of radiation and radioactivity led quickly to medical and commercial applications at the turn of the 20th century, including the development of radioluminescent paint, made by combining radium with phosphorescent material and adhesive. Workers involved with the painting of dials and instruments included painters, handlers, ancillary workers, and chemists who fabricated the paint. Dial painters were primarily women and, prior to the mid to late 1920s, would use their lips to give the brush a fine point, resulting in high intakes of radium. The tragic experience of the dial painters had a significant impact on industrial safety standards, including protection measures taken during the Manhattan Project. The dial workers study has formed the basis for radiation protection standards for intakes of radionuclides by workers and the public. EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH The mortality experience of 3,276 radium dial painters and handlers employed between 1913 and 1949 is being determined through 2019. The last epidemiologic follow-up was 30 years ago when most of these workers were still alive. Nearly 65% were born before 1920, 37.5% were teenagers when first hired, and nearly 50% were hired before 1930 when the habit of placing brushes in mouths essentially stopped. Comprehensive dose reconstruction techniques are being applied to estimate organ doses for each worker related to the intake of 226Ra, 228Ra, and associated photon exposures. Time dependent dose-response analyses will estimate lifetime risks for specific causes of death. DISCUSSION The study of radium dial workers is part of the Million Person Study of low-dose health effects that is designed to evaluate radiation risks among healthy American workers and veterans. Despite being one of the most important and influential radiation effects studies ever conducted, shifting programmatic responsibilities and declining funding led to the termination of the radium program of studies in the early 1990s. Renewed interest and opportunity have arisen. With scientific progress made in dosimetric methodology and models, the ability to perform a study over the entire life span, and the potential applicability to other scenarios such as medicine, environmental contamination and space exploration, the radium dial workers have once again come to the forefront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Martinez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Derek W. Jokisch
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Lawrence T. Dauer
- Department of Medical Physics and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith F. Eckerman
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - John D. Brockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sergey Y. Tolmachev
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Maia Avtandilashvili
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Michael T. Mumma
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John D. Boice
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard W. Leggett
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Corvini P. What induction is (and what it should not be): A concepts-centric perspective on Norton's radium chloride example. Stud Hist Philos Sci 2021; 86:27-34. [PMID: 33965661 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
I argue that Norton's reconstruction of an example inductive inference in Ch.1 of The Material Theory of Induction mischaracterizes scientific induction by treating the ampliation as separable (and separated) from that inherent in conceptualization per se-effectively severing the putative ampliation from its putative warrant. I sketch an alternative analysis in which ampliation and warrant remain closely coupled through a common root in the primary conceptualizations.
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