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Kabir MH, Guindo ML, Chen R, Luo X, Kong W, Liu F. Heavy Metal Detection in Fritillaria thunbergii Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Coupled with Variable Selection Algorithm and Chemometrics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061125. [PMID: 36981052 PMCID: PMC10048262 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and health risks associated with heavy metal pollution are serious. Human health can be adversely affected by the smallest amount of heavy metals. Modeling spectrum requires the careful selection of variables. Hence, simple variables that have a low level of interference and a high degree of precision are required for fast analysis and online detection. This study used laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with variable selection and chemometrics to simultaneously analyze heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Pb) in Fritillaria thunbergii. A total of three machine learning algorithms were utilized, including a gradient boosting machine (GBM), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR). Three promising wavelength selection methods were evaluated for comparison, namely, a competitive adaptive reweighted sampling method (CARS), a random frog method (RF), and an uninformative variable elimination method (UVE). Compared to full wavelengths, the selected wavelengths produced excellent results. Overall, RC2, RV2, RP2, RSMEC, RSMEV and RSMEP for the selected variables are as follows: 0.9967, 0.8899, 0.9403, 1.9853 mg kg−1, 11.3934 mg kg−1, 8.5354 mg kg−1; 0.9933, 0.9316, 0.9665, 5.9332 mg kg−1, 18.3779 mg kg−1, 11.9356 mg kg−1; 0.9992, 0.9736, 0.9686, 1.6707 mg kg−1, 10.2323 mg kg−1, 10.1224 mg kg−1 were obtained for Cd Cu and Pb, respectively. Experimental results showed that all three methods could perform variable selection effectively, with GBM-UVE for Cd, SVR-RF for Pb, and GBM-CARS for Cu providing the best results. The results of the study suggest that LIBS coupled with wavelength selection can be used to detect heavy metals rapidly and accurately in Fritillaria by extracting only a few variables that contain useful information and eliminating non-informative variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hilal Kabir
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi PMB 0248, Nigeria
| | - Mahamed Lamine Guindo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinmeng Luo
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982825
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Marcolin LC, de Oliveira Arias JL, Kupski L, Barbosa SC, Primel EG. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in honey from stingless bees (Meliponinae) in southern Brazil. Food Chem 2022; 405:134944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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PAHs presence and source apportionment in honey samples: Fingerprint identification of rural and urban contamination by means of chemometric approach. Food Chem 2022; 382:132361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Road Runoff Characterization: Ecotoxicological Assessment Combined with (Non-)Target Screenings of Micropollutants for the Identification of Relevant Toxicants in the Dissolved Phase. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Road runoff (RR) is an important vector of micropollutants towards groundwater and soils, threatening the environment and ecosystems. Through combined chemical and biological approaches, the purpose of this study was to get insights on specific toxicants present in RR from two sites differing by their traffic intensity and their toxicological risk assessment. Non-target screening was performed by HRMS on RR dissolved phase. Ecotoxicological risk was evaluated in a zebrafish embryos model and on rat liver mitochondrial respiratory chain. Specific HRMS fingerprints were obtained for each site, reflecting their respective traffic intensities. Several micropollutants, including 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and benzotriazole (BZT) were identified in greater concentrations at the high-traffic site. The origin of DPG was confirmed by analyzing HRMS fingerprints from shredded tires. RR samples from each site, DPG and BZT were of relatively low toxicity (no mortality) to zebrafish embryos, but all generated distinct and marked stress responses in the light–dark transition test, while DPG/BZT mixes abolished this effect. The moderate-traffic RR and DPG inhibited mitochondrial complex I. Our study highlights (i) the unpredictability of pollutants cocktail effect and (ii) the importance of a multi-approaches strategy to characterize environmental matrices, essential for their management at the source and optimization of depollution devices.
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Vincevica-Gaile Z, Stankevica K, Klavins M, Trubaca-Boginska A. Data on physical and chemical characterization of wood combustion products derived at cogeneration power plants. Data Brief 2021; 36:106994. [PMID: 33889697 PMCID: PMC8050715 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research paper “Granulation of fly ash and biochar with organic lake sediments – A way to sustainable utilization of waste from bioenergy production” [1] in the context of waste material investigation and possible valorization instead of disposal. This article provides a comprehensive chemical and physical characterization of wood combustion products – fly ashes, bottom ashes, mixed ashes and biochar. Multiple analytical techniques and methodology were exploited to investigate the composition of wood combustion products, among them a loss on ignition, potentiometry, colorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, gas chromatography. General parameters detected were the content of dry matter, gravimetric water, volatile matter, amount of ash and fixed carbon. The elemental analysis involved determining C, H, N and O. Physical properties were described by bulk density, solid density, total porosity, electric conductivity, specific weight and mass ratio assessment of particle size distribution. The mineralogical composition was described by major crystalline phases of samples and content of oxides. Chemical properties and composition were characterized by pH, the content of ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, exchangeable elements and cation exchange capacity as well as after the 3-step speciation and analytical quantification of trace and major elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn) and detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Vincevica-Gaile
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Karina Stankevica
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Maris Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Anna Trubaca-Boginska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
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6
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Alghamdi MA, Hassan SK, Alzahrani NA, Al Sharif MY, Khoder MI. Classroom Dust-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jeddah Primary Schools, Saudi Arabia: Level, Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2779. [PMID: 32316605 PMCID: PMC7215388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Data concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jeddah's schools, Saudi Arabia, and their implications for health risks to children, is scarce. Classroom air conditioner filter dusts were collected from primary schools in urban, suburban and residential areas of Jeddah. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of classroom-dust-bound PAHs and the health risks to children of PAH exposure. Average PAH concentrations were higher in urban schools than suburban and residential schools. Benzo (b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(ghi)perylene (BGP), chrysene (CRY) and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) at urban and suburban schools and BbF, BGP, fluoranthene (FLT) and indeno (1, 2, 3, -cd)pyrene (IND) at residential schools were the dominant compounds in classroom dust. PAHs with five aromatic rings were the most abundant at all schools. The relative contribution of the individual PAH compounds to total PAH concentrations in the classroom dusts of schools indicate that the study areas do share a common source, vehicle emissions. Based on diagnostic ratios of PAHs, they are emitted from local pyrogenic sources, and traffic is the significant PAH source, with more significant contributions from gasoline-fueled than from diesel cars. Based on benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPequi) calculations, total carcinogenic activity (TCA) for total PAHs represent 21.59% (urban schools), 20.99% (suburban schools), and 18.88% (residential schools) of total PAH concentrations. DBA and BaP were the most dominant compounds contributing to the TCA, suggesting the importance of BaP and DBA as surrogate compounds for PAHs in this schools. Based on incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCingestion, ILCRinhalation, ILCRdermal) and total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR)) calculations, the order of cancer risk was: urban schools > suburban schools > residential schools. Both ingestion and dermal contact are major contributors to cancer risk. Among PAHs, DBA, BaP, BbF, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and IND have the highest ILCR values at all schools. LCR and TLCR values at all schools were lower than 10-6, indicating virtual safety. DBA, BaP and BbF were the predominant contributors to cancer effects in all schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A. Alghamdi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.S.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Salwa K. Hassan
- Air Pollution Department, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Noura A. Alzahrani
- Office of Education/South Jeddah (Girls), Department of Primary Grades, Ministry of Education, Jeddah 23524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwan Y. Al Sharif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.S.); (M.I.K.)
| | - Mamdouh I. Khoder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.S.); (M.I.K.)
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Chang J, Shen J, Tao J, Li N, Xu C, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. The impact of heating season factors on eight PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and cancer risk in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1413-1421. [PMID: 31726569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, 443 atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected at five sampling sites in Beijing. The concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAH8 (Chr, BaA, BbF, BkF, B[a]P, DBA, BghiP, and IND) were determined via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The annual concentration of PM2.5-bound PAH8, lifetime cancer risk, and the increasing value due to heating season factors (heating and meteorological conditions) were analyzed. The results showed that the sum concentration of PM2.5-bound PAH8 during heating season was 72.6 ng/m3 and higher than the non-heating season concentration of 4.77 ng/m3. The annual concentration was 10.6 ng/m3, which increased 5.83 ng/m3 due to heating season factors. The B[a]P annual concentration was 1.67 ng/m3 and higher than the limit of 1 ng/m3, which was 15.2 times that of non-heating season. Diesel vehicles and gasoline vehicles were the primary PAH8 sources during non-heating season, while the mixed sources of diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and combustion were the dominant PAH8 sources during heating season. The most significant health hazard pollutant was B[a]P, which accounted for 72%, 74%, and 69% of the B[a]P equivalent concentration (B[a]Peq) of PAH8 during heating season, non-heating season, and throughout 2015, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk was 2.67 × 10-6, which increased 1.36 × 10-6 due to heating season factors. Therefore, heating season factors nearly doubled the annual concentration of PM2.5-bound ∑PAH8 and lifetime cancer risk. The results indicated that to protect human health, it is very important to control PM2.5-bound ∑PAH8 emissions during heating season, especially B[a]P emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Chang
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Jianing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Institute of Environmental Health, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, 100013 Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Yunpu Li
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
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8
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He T, Lamont BB, Pausas JG. Fire as a key driver of Earth's biodiversity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1983-2010. [PMID: 31298472 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many terrestrial ecosystems are fire prone, such that their composition and structure are largely due to their fire regime. Regions subject to regular fire have exceptionally high levels of species richness and endemism, and fire has been proposed as a major driver of their diversity, within the context of climate, resource availability and environmental heterogeneity. However, current fire-management practices rarely take into account the ecological and evolutionary roles of fire in maintaining biodiversity. Here, we focus on the mechanisms that enable fire to act as a major ecological and evolutionary force that promotes and maintains biodiversity over numerous spatiotemporal scales. From an ecological perspective, the vegetation, topography and local weather conditions during a fire generate a landscape with spatial and temporal variation in fire-related patches (pyrodiversity), and these produce the biotic and environmental heterogeneity that drives biodiversity across local and regional scales. There have been few empirical tests of the proposition that 'pyrodiversity begets biodiversity' but we show that biodiversity should peak at moderately high levels of pyrodiversity. Overall species richness is greatest immediately after fire and declines monotonically over time, with postfire successional pathways dictated by animal habitat preferences and varying lifespans among resident plants. Theory and data support the 'intermediate disturbance hypothesis' when mean patch species diversity is correlated with mean fire intervals. Postfire persistence, recruitment and immigration allow species with different life histories to coexist. From an evolutionary perspective, fire drives population turnover and diversification by promoting a wide range of adaptive responses to particular fire regimes. Among 39 comparisons, the number of species in 26 fire-prone lineages is much higher than that in their non-fire-prone sister lineages. Fire and its byproducts may have direct mutagenic effects, producing novel genotypes that can lead to trait innovation and even speciation. A paradigm shift aimed at restoring biodiversity-maintaining fire regimes across broad landscapes is required among the fire research and management communities. This will require ecologists and other professionals to spread the burgeoning fire-science knowledge beyond scientific publications to the broader public, politicians and media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Byron B Lamont
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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9
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Guerrero F, Yáñez K, Vidal V, Cereceda-Balic F. Effects of wood moisture on emission factors for PM 2.5, particle numbers and particulate-phase PAHs from Eucalyptus globulus combustion using a controlled combustion chamber for emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:737-744. [PMID: 30130737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM2.5 and micrometer-sized particles are mainly emitted by residential wood combustion, affecting air pollution in the cities of Chile. Eucalyptus globulus (EG) at 0% and 25% wood moisture was burning using a new controlled combustion chamber for emissions (3CE) to determine the emission factors of PM2.5, micrometer-sized particle numbers (0.265μm to 34.00μm) and 16 EPA-PAHs plus retene adsorbed on PM2.5 quartz filters. A method using accelerated solvent extraction, concentration, clean-up and GC-MS is proposed for determining emission factors for 16 EPA-PAHs for the concentration from biomass combustion. Chromatographic conditions and analytical steps were optimized in terms of linearity, selectivity, limits of detection and quantification, precision and accuracy. The recovery obtained from urban dust SRM 1649A (NIST reference material) analyses was between 63% (benzo[b]fluoranthene) and 102% (benzo[k]fluoranthene). In this investigation, it was shown that increasing the wood moisture in combustion tests decreased combustion efficiency (93% to 49%) and increased the emission factors of total PAHs (5215.47ngg-1 to 7644.48ngg-1), the gravimetric PM2.5 (2.01g kg-1 to 22.90gkg-1) and the total number of measured micrometer-sized particles (3.15×1012 particles kg-1 to 1.33×1013 particles kg-1) due to incomplete combustion. The PM2.5 emission rates (ERs) were estimated using EG at 0% WM (2.39g-1 to 3.15gh-1) and 25% WM (27.32gh-1 to 35.77gh-1) for three regions of Chile. In almost all regions, the Chilean emission regulations were exceeded for PM2.5 from wood combustion in the heater (stove with thermal power ≤8kW and emission limit of 2.5gh-1). Finally, when using wet wood for residential combustion, the amount of PAHs on the PM2.5 increased, presenting a potential hazard to population health. Therefore, improvements are necessary in the current regulation of PM emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Guerrero
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karen Yáñez
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Víctor Vidal
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisco Cereceda-Balic
- Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
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10
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Profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoke from combustion and thermal decomposition of poplar wood pellets and sawdust. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Benassi L, Dalipi R, Consigli V, Pasquali M, Borgese L, Depero LE, Clegg F, Bingham PA, Bontempi E. Integrated management of ash from industrial and domestic combustion: a new sustainable approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy conversion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14834-14846. [PMID: 28477251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This work supports, for the first time, the integrated management of waste materials arising from industrial processes (fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration and coal fly ash), agriculture (rice husk ash), and domestic activities (ash from wood biomass burning in domestic stoves). The main novelty of the paper is the reuse of wood pellet ash, an underestimated environmental problem, by the application of a new technology (COSMOS-RICE) that already involves the reuse of fly ashes from industrial and agricultural origins. The reaction mechanism involves carbonation: this occurs at room temperature and promotes permanent carbon dioxide sequestration. The obtained samples were characterized using XRD and TGA (coupled with mass spectroscopy). This allowed quantification of the mass loss attributed to different calcium carbonate phases. In particular, samples stabilized using wood pellet ash show a weight loss, attributed to the decomposition of carbonates greater than 20%. In view of these results, it is possible to conclude that there are several environmental benefits from wood pellet ash reuse in this way. In particular, using this technology, it is shown that for wood pellet biomass the carbon dioxide conversion can be considered negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benassi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rogerta Dalipi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Consigli
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Pasquali
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura E Depero
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francis Clegg
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Paul A Bingham
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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12
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Liu X, Bai Z, Yu Q, Cao Y, Zhou W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil profiles (0–100 cm) from the industrial district of a large open-pit coal mine, China. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02484c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining and industrial activities are the primary sources of soil pollution in the open-pit coal mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Zhongke Bai
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
| | - Qinfei Yu
- Chinese Academy of Land & Resource Economics
- Beijing 101149
- PR China
- Guanghua School of Management
- Peking University
| | - Yingui Cao
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
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13
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II) Wood pellets for home heating can be considered environmentally friendly fuels? Heavy metals determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in their ashes and the health risk assessment for the operators. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Mohammed MOA, Song WW, Ma YL, Liu LY, Ma WL, Li WL, Li YF, Wang FY, Qi MY, Lv N, Wang DZ, Khan AU. Distribution patterns, infiltration and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in indoor and outdoor air in cold zone. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:70-85. [PMID: 27108365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the distribution patterns, infiltration and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in indoor and outdoor air done in Harbin city, northeastern China. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor sampling was done to collect 264 PM2.5 samples from four sites during winter, summer, and spring. Infiltration of PAHs into indoors was estimated using Retene, Benzo [ghi]perylene and Chrysene as reference compounds, where the latter compound was suggested to be a good estimator and subsequently used for further calculation of infiltration factors (IFs). Modeling with positive matrix factorization (PMF5) and estimation of diagnostic isomeric ratios were applied for identifying sources, where coal combustion, crop residues burning and traffic being the major contributors, particularly during winter. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has been utilized to show the distribution patterns of individual PAH congeners. LDA showed that, the greatest seasonal variability was attributed to high molecular weight compounds (HMW PAHs). Potential health risk of PAHs exposure was assessed through relative potency factor approach (RPF). The levels of the sum of 16 US EPA priority PAHs during colder months were very high, with average values of 377 ± 228 ng m(-)(3) and 102 ± 75.8 ng m(-)(3), for the outdoors and indoors, respectively. The outdoor levels reported to be 19 times higher than the outdoor concentrations during warmer months (summer + spring), while the indoor concentrations were suggested to be 9 times and 10 times higher than that for indoor summer (average 11.73 ± 4 ng m(-3)) and indoor spring (9.5 ± 3.3 ng m(-3)). During nighttime, outdoor PAHs revealed wider range of values compared to datytime which was likely due to outdoor temperature, a weather parameter with the strongest negative influence on ∑16PAHs compared to low impact of relative humidity and wind speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O A Mohammed
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, 205, Sudan
| | - Wei-Wei Song
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yong-Liang Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wen-Long Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Feng-Yan Wang
- Harbin Scientific Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Mei-Yun Qi
- Harbin Scientific Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Na Lv
- Harbin Scientific Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ding-Zhen Wang
- Harbin Scientific Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Afed Ulla Khan
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Huma B, Yadav S, Attri AK. Profile of particulate-bound organic compounds in ambient environment of Srinagar: a high-altitude urban location in the North-Western Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7660-7675. [PMID: 26743647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four hourly samples of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) were collected once a week over 17 months in the ambient environment of Srinagar (altitude 1524 m), an urban montane location in the North-Western Himalayas. The samples were analyzed to identify and quantify the presence of diverse organic compounds (OCs) using thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (TD-GCMS). Non-polar organic compounds-n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and molecular tracers (retene and nicotine), were detected in the TSPM samples. Molecular diagnostic ratios, derived from the quantified n-alkanes and PAHs in TSPM, assisted in characterization of the contributing sources. Significant variation in the planetary boundary layer height (meters) with change in season (summer to winter) in this region, also, affected the observed variation in the temporal profile of TSPM-bound OCs. TSPM-bound OCs were predominantly contributed from petroleum and biomass combustion; to a lesser extent from biogenic sources. High concentrations of retene and nicotine, known molecular tracers for coniferous wood combustion and tobacco smoke, respectively, were detected in the winter samples. Seasonal variation in TSPM-bound retene corresponded with the periodicity of biomass burning activity in the region. The benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BAPE) concentrations, a measure for the carcinogenicity of TSPM-bound PAHs was calculated and the value exceeded the prescribed international standards in winter. This finding poses a major health concern for the inhabitants of this region. High BAPE concentration of PAHs during winter was linked to fossil fuel and biomass combustion, where the prevalent meteorology and topography played a synergistic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Huma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shweta Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Bagla (Rahya-Suchani), District Samba, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Arun K Attri
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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