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Discovery and Flavor Characterization of High-Grade Markers in Baked Green Tea. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062462. [PMID: 36985433 PMCID: PMC10051951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea is a popular beverage around the world and possesses a unique flavor. The flavor qualities of green tea are closely related to its grade and this relationship has not yet been studied. Three baked green teas with similar flavor were studied, namely, Huangshan Maofeng, Taiping Houkui, and Shucheng Xiaolanhua. A total of 34 odor compounds were identified by solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry analysis (GC×GC-O-MS). The results of the clustering analysis showed that the content of D-limonene and linalool in the high-grade (Grade A) tea was much higher than the content in other grades, so they were identified as odor markers of Grade A baked green tea. The taste components of different grades of green tea infusion were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) and HPLC. A combination of clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated that galloylglucose, digalloylglucose, trigalloyglucose, strictinin, and gallic acid could be used as taste markers of Grade A baked green tea. Therefore, the results in this paper reveal the substances responsible for the odor and taste markers of high-grade baked green tea.
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Barbera M, Saiano F, Tutone L, Massenti R, Pisciotta A. The Pattern of Rare Earth Elements Like a Possible Helpful Tool in Traceability and Geographical Characterization of the Soil-Olive System ( Olea europaea L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2579. [PMID: 36235445 PMCID: PMC9571631 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The identification of a product, with its geographical origin, is a guaranty of the value of the foodstuff and protection from potential fraud. Extra virgin olive oil is produced or marketed as a single variety or a blend of two or more cultivars, often of different geographic origins. Therefore, to study a possible link between the soil and olive oil, we accounted crucial to analyse the behaviour of olive of different cultivars. We studied Rare Earth Elements (REE) amounts and their relationship to trace their distribution from soil to the olive pulp (Olea europea L.). The results obtained pointed out that the different cultivars of Olea did not drive significant differences in reciprocal ratios of REE in the uptake from the soil up to olive (except for Eu). However soil-plant Rare Earth relationships depend exclusively on the soil REE composition. This method can be the starting point to enforcing the laws, in fact, it is important to develop analytical methods to measure the authenticity of the samples, and to verify the geographical origin even when olive oil is blended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Barbera
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento Géosciences, Ressources Naturelles et Environnement, Sorbonne Université, METIS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Filippo Saiano
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Livia Tutone
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Massenti
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Pisciotta
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Pucci E, Palumbo D, Puiu A, Lai A, Fiorani L, Zoani C. Characterization and Discrimination of Italian Olive (Olea europaea sativa) Cultivars by Production Area Using Different Analytical Methods Combined with Chemometric Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081085. [PMID: 35454672 PMCID: PMC9025631 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olives and olive products are particularly important for the national agroindustrial sector, for the aspects related to the production territory (authenticity), and for the link with the Mediterranean Diet. Several studies indicate that the elemental profile of olive and olive products depends on the production area in which the olive trees were grown, and the elemental content of the olives can be used as a marker of the production area. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the multi-elemental profile of olive drupes and olive leaves of eleven cultivars arising from two different production areas was evaluated through ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. In addition, some leaf samples were analysed by LPAS in order to evaluate the applicability of this new analytical technique for determining the geographic origin. The obtained results, combined with chemometric tools, showed the possibility of discriminating samples according to the production area on the basis of the elemental content, as well as by LPAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pucci
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division (SSPT-BIOAG), Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Palumbo
- Resource Efficiency Division (SSPT-USER), Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy;
| | - Adriana Puiu
- Technology Applications for Security, Health and Heritage Division (FSN-TECFIS), Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Antonia Lai
- Technology Applications for Security, Health and Heritage Division (FSN-TECFIS), Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Fiorani
- Technology Applications for Security, Health and Heritage Division (FSN-TECFIS), Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (A.P.); (A.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Claudia Zoani
- Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division (SSPT-BIOAG), Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy;
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4
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Zaldarriaga Heredia J, Wagner M, Jofré FC, Savio M, Azcarate SM, Camiña JM. An overview on multi-elemental profile integrated with chemometrics for food quality assessment: toward new challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8173-8193. [PMID: 35319312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2055527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food products, especially those with high value-added, are commonly subjected to strict quality controls, which are of paramount importance, especially for attesting to some peculiar features related, for instance, to their geographical origin and/or the know-how of their producers. However, the sophistication of fraudulent practices requires a continuous update of analytical platforms. Different analytical techniques have become extremely appealing since the instrumental analysis tools evolution has substantially improved the capability to reveal and understand the complexity of food. In light of this, multi-elemental composition has been successful implemented solving a plethora of food authentication and traceability issues. In the last decades, it has existed an ever-increasing trend in analysis based on spectrometry analytical platforms in order to obtain a multi-elemental profile that combined with chemometrics have been noteworthy analytical methodologies able to solve these problems. This review provides an overview of published reports in the last decade (from 2011 to 2021) on food authentication and quality control from their multi-element composition in order to evaluate the state-of-the-art of this field and to identify the main characteristics of applied analytical techniques and chemometric data treatments that have permit achieve accurate discrimination/classification models, highlighting the strengths and the weaknesses of these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgelina Zaldarriaga Heredia
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Wagner
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cora Jofré
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Marianela Savio
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Silvana Mariela Azcarate
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - José Manuel Camiña
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP-CONICET), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
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Screening Method for the Detection of Other Allergenic Nuts in Cashew Nuts Using Chemometrics and a Portable Near-Infrared Spectrophotometer. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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Mohammadi-Moghaddam T, Firoozzare A. Investigating the effect of sensory properties of black plum peel marmalade on consumers acceptance by Discriminant Analysis. Food Chem X 2021; 11:100126. [PMID: 34368753 PMCID: PMC8326197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the goals of producing and developing new products is to provide desirable features to the target community, followed by promoting marketability and gaining more market share in similar products basket. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of sensory characteristics of black plum marmalade on its acceptance, sample data with 180 observations and discriminant analysis method were used. The sensory properties that were evaluated in this product included color, flavor, firmness, adhesiveness and spreadability. Discriminant analysis classified 89% of observations correctly in the acceptance and non-acceptance classes. Accordingly, the characteristics of color, consistency, flavor, hardness and spreadability had a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of the product by the respondents and adhesiveness had a negative and significant effect on the acceptance of the product. Also, based on these results, the largest contribution in discriminating the acceptance and non-acceptance of this product is related to the spreadability, flavor and hardness, respectively. Therefore, in order to attract customers and market effectiveness, it is suggested to pay special attention to these characteristics in the production of black plum marmalade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Firoozzare
- Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Jurado-Campos N, García-Nicolás M, Pastor-Belda M, Bußmann T, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Jiménez B, Viñas P, Arce L. Exploration of the potential of different analytical techniques to authenticate organic vs. conventional olives and olive oils from two varieties using untargeted fingerprinting approaches. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Gallego JL, Olivero-Verbel J. Cytogenetic toxicity from pesticide and trace element mixtures in soils used for conventional and organic crops of Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116558. [PMID: 33631688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and trace elements occur in complex mixtures in agroecosystems, affecting soil health and food security. Hence, it is necessary to determine their toxicity in field conditions and to develop monitoring approaches to assess conventional and organic agriculture. The aim of this research was to evaluate the associations between Allium cepa L. cytogenetic biomarkers and the realistic mixture of pesticides and trace elements found in soils of conventional, conversion, and organic crops in an intensive agricultural region in Colombia. Pesticide screening was conducted using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS methods. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc were analyzed by ICP-MS; chromium, copper, nickel, and selenium by ICP-OES; and mercury by a direct analyzer. The meristematic cells in roots of Allium cepa L. were analyzed through microscopic observations to quantify cytogenetic effects. In conventional crops, 26 pesticides were detected in the soil samples, and those were below the limit of quantification in organic crops. The mean levels of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Se were also greater in soils of conventional crops compared to the organics. In addition, the biomarkers of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity appeared augmented in conventional samples, and those were correlated with pesticide and trace element concentrations, pollution indices, and hazard quotients. Subsequently, a discriminant function based on the mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and nuclear abnormalities was suitable to classify the samples by crop type. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of Allium cepa L. to the toxicity of complex mixtures in field crops and its potential as an in-situ approach for soil health monitoring in organic and conventional crop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gallego
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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9
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On the rapid and non-destructive approach for barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and phenothiazines determination and differentiation using spectral combination analysis and chemometric methods. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Fernández-Poyatos MDP, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ruiz-Medina A. Effect of Ripening on the Phenolic Composition and Mineral Content of Three Varieties of Olive Fruits. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020380. [PMID: 33572465 PMCID: PMC7919262 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic composition and mineral content of Cornezuelo, Cornicabra and Picual olive fruit varieties were investigated during olive ripening in two different harvesting seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019). Phytochemical profiles were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array and mass spectrometry detection. Mineral contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Twenty-five compounds were characterized and the main ones quantified. These compounds corresponded mostly to secoiridoids, the main ones being oleuropein, oleoside/secologanoside, oleoside-11-methylester, and oleuropein and comselogoside isomers. Total phenolic contents reached the highest values between December and January, coinciding with the usual harvesting date. This trend was observed in both harvesting seasons, although higher phenolic contents were recorded in season 2018/2019. This was due to the different weather conditions, which caused a lower olive production in season 2017/2018. No clear tendency was observed between mineral content and harvest time in any of the studied seasons. The highest concentration of total phenolics was obtained in Cornezuelo variety (840 mg/100 g) in January 2019 (season 2018/2019). Picual and Cornicabra varieties reached concentrations of 670 mg/100 g and 530 mg/100 g, respectively, also in the last harvesting dates of season 2018/2019.
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11
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Phytochemical profile and mineral content of Royal variety olive fruits. Influence of the ripening stage. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Xu L, Shi Q, Lu D, Wei L, Fu HY, She Y, Xie S. Simultaneous detection of multiple frauds in kiwifruit juice by fusion of traditional and double-quantum-dots enhanced fluorescent spectroscopic techniques and chemometrics. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Chemometrics: a complementary tool to guide the isolation of pharmacologically active natural products. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:27-37. [PMID: 31600581 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemometrics offers an important complementary tool to enhance the searching and isolation of bioactive natural products from natural sources.
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Wang W, Jin S, Guo Y. Exploration of a Method of Distinguishing Different Nongxiang Tieguanyin Tea Grades Based on Aroma Determined by GC-MS Combined with Chemometrics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091707. [PMID: 31052526 PMCID: PMC6539088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An aroma-based method for distinguishing different grades of Nongxiang Tieguanyin was explored by taking special grade (K110) and 1-4 grades (K101, K102, K103, and K104) of this tea as samples. Tea samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with chemometrics. Results showed differences in the types and relative contents of aroma components among different grades of Nongxiang Tieguanyin tea. In the principal component analysis (PCA) scoring plot, except for K102 and K103, tea samples of different grades were distributed in different regions. Components satisfying variable important for the projection (VIP) > 1 and peak areas with significant differences (p < 0.05) among different tea grades were screened. Finally, 18 differential variables were screened out from 143 volatiles. The clustering results of these variables were consistent with those of PCA. K102 and K103 were initially clustered into one group and then clustered with K101, K110, and K104 in turn. The clear PCA separation of these samples and uniform hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) clustering results suggests that GC-MS coupled with chemometrics analysis is a valid and accurate approach for discriminating different grades of Nongxiang Tieguanyin. The screened differential variables could represent a difference in aroma quality among five grades of Nongxiang Tieguanyin tea. Clear rules between peak area and the grade were also observed in some differential variables. 1-Ethylpyrrole and unknown-32 were positively correlated with grade. 2-Methylfuran, 2-ethylfuran, 2-methylidenecyclopentan-1-ol, mesityl oxide, 2-amylfuran, and D-limonene were negatively correlated with grade. The peak areas of methyl acetate, dimethyl sulfide, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, and (Z)-β-ocimene initially decreased but then increased with declining grade. The toluene content was especially high in K104 but only a negligible difference was observed among other grades. This study provides a potential method for differentiating Nongxiang Tieguanyin teas of different grades based on aroma. Unknown samples could be classified by comparison of their spatial distribution with those of known standard samples in PCA or HCA, as well as the peak area differences of differential variables between unknown samples and known standard samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yaling Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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15
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Lin T, Chen X, Li B, Chen P, Guo M, Zhou X, Zhong S, Cheng X. Geographical origin identification of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) based on trace element profiles using tobacco as intermedium planted on soils from five different regions. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Methods of Authentication of Food Grown in Organic and Conventional Systems Using Chemometrics and Data Mining Algorithms: a Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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